初中英语基础语法

初中英语基础语法整理---句子成分知识分析（1）组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。各成分在句中的作用如何?组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及短语充当?1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：Thecarisrunningfast.(名词Wearestudents.(代词)OneofmyclassmatesisfromShanghai.(数词)It'sbadmannerstospitinpublic.(不定式)Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.(【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓toHeworksinafactory.(实义动词)Ifeltcold.(系动词+表语)HowcanIgettothestation?(情态动词+实义动词DoyouspeakEnglish?(助动词+实义动词)Theyareworkinginafield.(助动词+实义动词)【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如：Heisdoinghishomework.(名词)Theydidnothingthismorning.(代词)Shewantstogohome.(不定式)Weenjoyplayingfootball.(动名词)【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass，tell，leave等。如：Heboughtmeabook.Passmetheball，willyou?(间宾+直宾)直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如：HanChenlentsomemoneytoLiHai.(直宾+间宾)XiaoLiuboughtadictionaryforTom.(直宾+间宾)②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish，hope，promise，decide，agree，choose，care等。如：Ihopetoseeyouagain.practise，miss，suggest，keep(on)Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。a)forgettodo表示“未发生的动作”，forgetdoing表示“已完成的动作”。如：Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(还没来Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.()b)stoptodo(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事，去做另一件事”，stopdoing表示“停止做某事”。如：Istoppedtotalkwithhim.(我停下来与他谈话。)Thestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachere。句子成分练习题（一）(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，4分钟）①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二)选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，10分钟）①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don't B.like C.picture D.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meeting C.thelibrary D.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.Tom B.didn't C.do D.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.want B.totell C.you D.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.We B.had C.send D.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.is B.interested C.in D.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.give B.did C.whom D.book(三)挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas" reallyis.初中英语基础语法整理---句子成分知识分析（2）4.4.Whatabeautifulkiteitis!(形容词)Sheisachemistry名词)Therearetwostudentsintheclassroom.(数词)Wehavesomethingtodotomorrow.(不定式)Themaninblueismybrother.(介词短语)【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。5.5.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如：Thankyouverymuch.(副词)Igetupatfiveinthemorning.(介词短语)Heisstudyinghardsoastocatchupwithothers.(不定式短语)Wewerehavingbreakfastwhenthetelephonerang.(从句)【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.6.6.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become，smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：Theyareworkers.(名词)Twoandthreeisfive.(数词)Thestoryisveryinteresting.(形容词)Myjob(工作)isteachingEnglish.(动名词Sheisathome.()Ifeelterrible.(形容词)Thedishtastesdelicious.(形容词)7.7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(形容词)Thedoctortoldmetodomoreexercise.(不定式短语)Heisgoingtohavehishaircut.(过去分词)Theysawabirdflyinginthesky.(现在分词)句子成分练习题（二）(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分，6分钟）①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(五)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分，5分钟）①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?(六)挑出下列句中的表语（5分，5分钟）①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(七)挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟）①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(八)挑出下列句中的状语（8分，8分钟）①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewa