SAT官方指南OG 解析5(整理版)

BookTest#5:SampleEssay-Scoreof6Mostparentsandteacherstellstudentstheextremelytiredclichéoftheconsequencesoffollowingthecrowd.Itissaidthat,inordertobeacompetelyindividualthinker,onemustignorewhatotherssay.Suchadviceiscertainlytruetosomeextent;unreasonablemalicemustbeforgotteninordertokeepsomelevelofself-esteem.However,aswithmostideas,thisonecannotbetakeninabsoluteform.Inatleastsomerespects,weneedotherpeopleinordertounderstandourselves.AnexcellentexampleofaliterarycharacterwhocouldhavepsychologicallybenefittedfromsocialinteractionisJ.AlfredPrufrockfromT.S.Eliot’spoem“TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock.”Inthepoem,Prufrckdesiresarelationshipwithawomanverymuch,butherefrainsfrominitiatingconversationbecausehefearsthathecouldnotholdtheinterestofasophisticatedlady.ShouldPrufrockhavetakenthesteptoacceptotherpeopleintohislife,hemostlikelywouldhavediscovered,asthereaderofthepoemcertainlydid,thatheismostarticulate.Otherswouldhaveimpresseduponhimthebeautyofhiswordsandhistalentforprose.IfPrufrockwouldhavespokenhissongaloud,theladiessurelywouldhaveshownhimwhathehimselfdidnotunderstand.SincetheladieswouldrevealPrufrock’stalentstohim,itistruethatweneedothersinordertounderstandourselves.Thelessonoflearningfromother’sopinionsofyourselfextendsmuchfartherthanthesongofafictionalcharacter.Twodaysago,inanartclass,mygroupofstudentshadassignedselfportraitsdue.Mostofusbroughtinphotographsofourselves.Nevertheless,oneboybroughtnothingandhandedusallslipsofpaper.Hetoldustowriteawordtodescribehim,andwhenwehaddoneso,hepastedthewordsonaposter.Thismusthavebeenarevealingexerciseforhimbecause,uponthesightofsuchdescriptionsas“bitter”and“sarcastic”,hewasshocked.Inthecaseofthisboy,hehadnotrealizedhowhispersonalityappearedtoothers.Thoughhemightnothavethoughthimself“bitter”,hisfriend’scommentscertainlymadehimseemthatway.Thefactthatweneedothersinordertounderstandourselvesisclearlyshownbythisboy’srevelation.Section21ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONSExplanationforCorrectAnswerA:Choice(Aiscorrect."Guarantee"inthiscontextmeanstoprovidestrongassurancesthatsomethingwillbethecase,and"lobbyfor"meanstoinfluencelegislatorstosupportcertainmeasures.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"LikemanyothergroupsofpeopleintheUnitedStateswhohaveneededlawstoguaranteeequalrights,Americanswithdisabilitieshavehadtolobbyforlegislationaddressingtheirconcerns."Lawsthatguaranteeequalrightsforparticulargroupsofpeopleareusuallypassedafterindividualsfromthosegroupshavepresentedtheircasestogovernmentalofficialswhohavethepowertopasslaws.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:Choice(Bisincorrect."Preclude"meanstopreventsomethingormakeitimpossible,and"enact"meanstopassalaw.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"LikemanyothergroupsofpeopleintheUnitedStateswhohaveneededlawstoprecludeequalrights,Americanswithdisabilitieshavehadtoenactlegislationaddressingtheirconcerns."Peopledonotneedorwantlawsthatmakeequalrightsimpossibleunlessthesepeopleseektorestricttherightsofothers.Inanycase,legislatorsaretheonesinapositionto"enact"laws.Peoplewithdisabilitieswhoalsohavethepowertoenactlawswouldbereferredtoaslegislatorswhenperformingtheirgovernmentalfunction.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:Choice(Cisincorrect."Ascertain"meanstofindout,and"consolidate"meanstounite.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"LikemanyothergroupsofpeopleintheUnitedStateswhohaveneededlawstoascertainequalrights,Americanswithdisabilitieshavehadtoconsolidatelegislationaddressingtheirconcerns."Abstractconceptslikecivilrightsarenotsomethingthatpeople"ascertain."Inaddition,itisunclearhowpeoplewouldbenefitfromconsolidatingdifferentpiecesoflegislation.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:Choice(Disincorrect."Compound"inthiscontextmeanstoincreasetheextentof,and"contendwith"meanstodealwithsomethingdifficultorundesirable.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"LikemanyothergroupsofpeopleintheUnitedStateswhohaveneededlawstocompoundequalrights,Americanswithdisabilitieshavehadtocontendwithlegislationaddressingtheirconcerns."Though"compound"canbeusedtomeantoincreasetheextentofsomething,thatuseof"compound"isnormallyfoundinsetphraseslike"compoundanerror,"wheretheobjectoftheverbissomethingundesirable.Also,peopledesiringaparticularpieceoflegislationdonotneedto"contendwith"legislationthataddressestheirconcerns;theywouldneed,rather,to"contendwith"legislationthatrejectstheirconcerns.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:Choice(Eisincorrect."Suppress"inthiscontextmeanstocurtailorlimit,and"ratify"meanstovalidateofficially.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"LikemanyothergroupsofpeopleintheUnitedStateswhohaveneededlawstosuppressequalrights,Americanswithdisabilitieshavehadtoratifylegislationaddressingtheirconcerns."Itishardtoimaginewhypeoplewouldseektolimittheirowncivilrights.Moreover,onlylegislatorshavethepowertoratifylaws;otherpeoplecangetthatpoweronlywhentheyareelectedorappointedaslegislators.2ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONSExplanationforCorrectAnswerA:Choice(Aiscorrect."Motley"meanshavingmanydifferentvarieties.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thecaféattractsamotleyclientele:astartlinglyheterogeneousgroupofpeoplecollectsthere."Thecolonattheendofthemainclauseimpliesthattheinformationthatfollowsitwillbealistoranexplanation.Inthiscase,thesecondclauseprovidesaclearexplanationofwhytheclientelewasdescribedasmotley—thatpeopleattractedtoitareheterogeneous,orquiteunlikeoneanother.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:Choice(Bisincorrect."Callous"meanshardened.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thecaféattractsacallousclientele:astartlinglyheterogeneousgroupofpeoplecollectsthere."Asentencecontainingacolontypicallyprovidesalistoranexplanationafterthecolon.Thissentence,however,providesacommentfollowingthecolonthatinnowayexplainshoworwhytheclienteleshouldbeconsideredhardened.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:Choice(Cisincorrect."Languid"meanslackingenergy.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thecaféattractsalanguidclientele:astartlinglyheterogeneousgroupofpeoplecollectsthere."Thesecondclauseofthesentencedoesnotexplainwhythewriterconsiderstheclienteletobelanguid;thisisinconsistentwiththeuseofacolon.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:Choice(Disincorrect."Mysterious"meansdifficulttoexplain.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thecaféattractsamysteriousclientele:astartlinglyheterogeneousgroupofpeoplecollectsthere."Thesecondclauseofthesentencedoesnotexplainwhytheclienteleismysterious,whichisinconsistentwiththeuseofacolon.Sayingthatagroupofpeopleisquitevarieddoesnotexplainwhyitwasdescribedasmysterious.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:Choice(Eisincorrect."Humane"meanskindorcompassionate.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thecaféattractsahumaneclientele:astartlinglyheterogeneousgroupofpeoplecollectsthere."Sayingthatthegroupofpeopleconsistsofmanydifferentkindsdoesnotexplainwhytheclientelewasearlierdescribedashumane.Thecolonendingthefirstclause,however,impliesthatanexplanationofthestatementinthefirstclausewillappearinthesecondclause.3ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONSExplanationforCorrectAnswerC:Choice(Ciscorrect."Copious"meansabundant,and"amassed"meansaccumulated.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thesecondeditionofthetextbookprovidescopiousfootnotes;sincethefirstedition,theeditorshaveapparentlyamassedagreatdealofbackgrounddata."Thestructureofthesentenceindicatesthatthesecondclausewillhelpexplainthefirstclause.Itmakessensetosay,then,thatitisbecausetheeditorshavecollectedagreatdealofextrainformationthattheneweditionofthebookhassomanyfootnotes(typicallyusedtoprovidebackground.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerA:Choice(Aisincorrect."Meager"meanssmallinquantity,and"accumulated"meansbroughttogether.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thesecondeditionofthetextbookprovidesmeagerfootnotes;sincethefirstedition,theeditorshaveapparentlyaccumulatedagreatdealofbackgrounddata."Thesecondclauseofthesentenceispresentedasanexplanationofthefirstclause.However,thereaderwouldexpectthesecondclausetosaywhytheeditorsincludedsuchasmallnumberoffootnotes;thesecondclause,infact,doestheopposite.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:Choice(Bisincorrect."Illegible"meansunreadable,and"clarified"meansmadeclearorunderstandable.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thesecondeditionofthetextbookprovidesillegiblefootnotes;sincethefirstedition,theeditorshaveapparentlyclarifiedagreatdealofbackgrounddata."Withthosetwotermsinserted,thetwoclausesofthesentencedonotmakemuchsensetogether.Editorswouldnotdeliberatelyputunreadablefootnotesinabook.Thesecondclausedoesnotrespondtothispuzzlingsituation.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:Choice(Disincorrect."Voluminous"inthiscontextmeansgreatinnumber,and"excised"meanscutout.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thesecondeditionofthetextbookprovidesvoluminousfootnotes;sincethefirstedition,theeditorshaveapparentlyexcisedagreatdealofbackgrounddata."Thestructureofthesentencemakesthereaderexpectthatthesecondclausewillhelptoexplainsomethingaboutthelargenumberoffootnotes.Thesecondclause,however,unhelpfullytalksabouttheremovalofinformation,withoutsayinghowthisissupposedtobecompatiblewiththeinsertionofthemanyfootnotes.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:Choice(Eisincorrect."Monotonous"inthiscontextmeansrepetitiouslydull,and"embellished"meansenhanced.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thesecondeditionofthetextbookprovidesmonotonousfootnotes;sincethefirstedition,theeditorshaveapparentlyembellishedagreatdealofbackgrounddata."Itdoesnotmakesensetosaythattheeditorshaveenhanceddatatomakefordullfootnotesintheneweditionofabook.4ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONSExplanationforCorrectAnswerA:Choice(Aiscorrect."Dubious"meansindoubt,and"self-serving"meanstendingtoaddressone'sownneedsordesires.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"ProfessorFernandezhasbeendubiousaboutmostofthepurportedlyhumanitarianaspectsofthecolonialgovernmentandhasinsistedthatitsactionswere,onthecontrary,self-serving."Thefirstmissingtermdescribestheprofessor'sattitudetowardthegovernment'ssupposedhumanitarianism.Thephrase"onthecontrary"preparesthereadertobelievethatthesecondmissingtermwillbeincompatiblewith"humanitarianaspects."Ascholarwouldindeeddoubtthattheprogramsofagovernmentwerehumanitarianorcharitableiftheyturnedouttoservetheselfishneedsofthegovernmentitself.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:Choice(Bisincorrect."Enthusiastic"meanshavinggreatappreciation,and"contemptible"meansworthyofstrongdislike.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"ProfessorFernandezhasbeenenthusiasticaboutmostofthepurportedlyhumanitarianaspectsofthecolonialgovernmentandhasinsistedthatitsactionswere,onthecontrary,contemptible."Apersonwhofindsagovernment'sactionsdespicablewouldnotbeenthusiasticaboutthatgovernment.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:Choice(Cisincorrect."Disparaging"meansbelittling,and"sporadic"meansoccurringatirregularintervals.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"ProfessorFernandezhasbeendisparagingaboutmostofthepurportedlyhumanitarianaspectsofthecolonialgovernmentandhasinsistedthatitsactionswere,onthecontrary,sporadic."Sayingthatcertainactionsoccuratirregularintervalsdoesnotserveasreasonablegroundsforthechargethatagovernmentisnotgenuinelyinterestedinpromotinghumanitariangoals.Specifically,thephrase"onthecontrary"leadsthereadertoexpectthat"humanitarian"goalswouldbeincompatiblewith"sporadic"actions.Suchacontrast,however,doesnotexist.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:Choice(Disincorrect."Excited"meansemotionallyaroused,and"gratuitous"inthiscontextmeansunnecessary.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"ProfessorFernandezhasbeenexcitedaboutmostofthepurportedlyhumanitarianaspectsofthecolonialgovernmentandhasinsistedthatitsactionswere,onthecontrary,gratuitous."Someonesoexcitedaboutagovernmentwouldbeunlikelytoclaimthatitshumanitarianactionswereunnecessary.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:Choice(Eisincorrect."Disillusioned"meansverydisappointed,and"benevolent"meanswell-intentioned.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"ProfessorFernandezhasbeendisillusionedaboutmostofthepurportedlyhumanitarianaspectsofthecolonialgovernmentandhasinsistedthatitsactionswere,onthecontrary,benevolent."Onewouldexpectthehumanitarianactionsofagovernmenttobebenevolent,orwell-intentioned.Therefore,theexpectationssetupbythewords"onthecontrary"arenotfulfilled.Apersondisillusionedbyagovernmentwouldnotexplainthatpositionbypointingoutthatthegovernment'shumanitarianactionswerewell-intentioned.5ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONSExplanationforCorrectAnswerE:Choice(Eiscorrect."Anamalgamation"meansamixture.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Concreteisanamalgamationofmanymaterials,acompositeofrocks,pebbles,sand,andcement."Acommaplacedinapositionliketheoneafter"materials"normallyintroducesaphrasethathelpstodefineorexplainthenounphraseprecedingthecomma.Inthiscase,thephraseexplainsthattheamalgamationisacomposite,ormixture,ofdistinctmaterials.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerA:Choice(Aisincorrect."Aconflagration"meansalargefire.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Concreteisaconflagrationofmanymaterials,acompositeofrocks,pebbles,sand,andcement."Itdoesnotmakesensetosaythatconcreteisafire.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:Choice(Bisincorrect."Adistillation"meansapurificationbyboilingandrevaporization.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Concreteisadistillationofmanymaterials,acompositeofrocks,pebbles,sand,andcement."Theproductofadistillationwouldprobablybealiquid,notasolid.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:Choice(Cisincorrect."Aconcordance"meansanalphabeticalindexofwordsinatext.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Concreteisaconcordanceofmanymaterials,acompositeofrocks,pebbles,sand,andcement."Concreteandtheprocessesusedtomakeithavenothingtodowithbookindexes.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:Choice(Disincorrect."Anaberration"meansadeviationfromtheexpectedcourse.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Concreteisanaberrationofmanymaterials,acompositeofrocks,pebbles,sand,andcement."Neitherconcretenortheprocessesofmakingitcanbecalleddeviationsfromanycourseofaction.6ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONSExplanationforCorrectAnswerE:Choice(Eiscorrect.MoragaiscitedasanexampleofawriterwhofounditdifficulttodecidewhethertowriteinEnglishorinSpanish.ThetitleofherbookishalfinEnglishandhalfinSpanish,andhercomment"Ilacklanguage"(line3reinforceshersensethatthereisnosatisfactoryresolutionofherdilemma.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerA:Choice(Aisincorrect.ThepassagesaysthatHispanicAmericanwritersfaceproblemsinchoosingalanguagetowritein,butitsaysnothingaboutproblemsassociatedwithgettingworkspublishedaftertheyhavebeenwritten.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:Choice(Bisincorrect.MoragaiscitedasawriterexperiencingaproblemfrequentlyfacedbyHispanicAmericanwriters.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwiththisgeneralproblem,notwiththisparticularwriterandherachievements.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:Choice(Cisincorrect.Accordingtothepassage,thetitleofMoraga'sbookexpressesthedifficultysheperceives"inwritinginonelanguagewhenonehaslivedinanother"(line7-8.ThereisnosuggestionbytheauthorofthepassageastowhetherMoragaisregardedasbeingespeciallyexpressiveasawriter.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:Choice(Disincorrect.Thepassagedoesnotsayanythingaboutnewartisticapproaches,nordoesitsuggestthatMoraga'sapproachisanovelone.Rather,thepointisthatthedifficultiesMoragahasexperiencedinchoosingalanguagearecommontoHispanicAmericanwriters.7ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONSExplanationforCorrectAnswerD:Choice(Discorrect.Theproblempresentedinthepassageisthatof"narratingpersonalexperiencesinonelanguagewhenonehaslivedinanother"(lines7-8.SomeonedescribedasaRussiannovelistlivingintheUnitedStatesislikelytohavelivedmuchofhisorherlifeinRussia,speakingRussian,andwhateverinsightssuchapersonhasarelikelytobebased,atleastinpart,onexperiencesinRussia.SotheproblemofaRussiannovelistlivingintheUnitedStateswhohasdifficultyexpressinginsightsinAmericanEnglishissimilartotheproblempresentedinthepassage.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerA:Choice(Aisincorrect.WhileaHispanicAmericanlivinginaSouthAmericancountrymight,likeMoraga,feelsomeconflictbetweentheuseofSpanishandEnglish,paintersdonotprimarilyemploythemediumoflanguageintheirwork,sothisisnotacloseanalogy.Further,thereisnomentionofbilingualwriters'abilitytoselltheirwork.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:Choice(Bisincorrect.TheproblemexperiencedbytheCherokeecolumnistishowmuchbackgroundinformationneedstobesuppliedtomakewritingsdealingwithNativeAmericanculturesunderstandabletoreadersofnationalnewspapers.Thisisadifferentproblemfromtheonepresentedinthepassage,whichhastodowithusingadifferentlanguagetowriteaboutexperiencesthantheoneusedwhilelivingthoseexperiences.ACherokeecolumnistmightalsohavethisproblem,butnotasaresultofmakingtheassumptionthatmostreadersareunfamiliarwithNativeAmericancultures.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:Choice(Cisincorrect.Theprobleminthepassageisthatofusingonelanguageindailylifeandthentryingtowriteaboutone'sexperiencesinadifferentlanguage.AnAfricanAmericannovelistisunlikelytobewritinginacompletelydifferentlanguagethantheonespokenthroughoutlife.Moreover,thehistoricalpastofAfricanAmericansisnotsomethingthatalivingAfricanAmericannovelistcanhaveexperienced.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:Choice(Eisincorrect.Tryingtowriteessaysfortwoaudienceswithverydifferentlinguisticandculturalbackgroundsposesadifferentsortofproblemfromthatdescribedinthepassage.8ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONSExplanationforCorrectAnswerB:Choice(Biscorrect.TheauthorcharacterizesthemovieinwhichHALappearsasa"masterpiece"(line1anddescribestheportraitofHALas"finelyhoned"(line3,orprecise,whichclearlyexpressesappreciation.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerA:Choice(Aisincorrect.TheattitudetowardtheportraitofHALandtowardHAL'screatorsisoneofadmiration,notresentment,orillwill.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:Choice(Cisincorrect.ThereisnoindicationofanyconfusionorambivalenceonthepartoftheauthortowardtheportraitofHALthatClarkeandKubrickcreated.Itisoneofadmirationandappreciationthroughout.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:Choice(Disincorrect.TheauthoradmirestheportraitofHAL,butgoesontosaythatcomputersareinsomewaysevenbetternow.Sotheauthor'sattitudeisnotoneofvenerationorwonder,orawe.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:Choice(Eisincorrect.ThereisnoindicationthattheauthorisbeingsarcasticinadmiringthedepictionifHAL.Sincetheauthorisnotridiculingtheportrait,theauthor'sattitudetowardtheportraitofHALisnotderisive.9ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONSExplanationforCorrectAnswerA:Choice(Aiscorrect.Inthelastsentence,theauthorpointsoutthatbesidesbeing"vastlysmallerandmoreportablethanHAL"(line10,today'scomputersusesoftwareinterfacesthatdonotrequirethetypeofmanualcontrolsrequiredforHAL;inthiscontext,sitemobility,andnewsoftwareinterfacesareclearlyadvantages.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:Choice(Bisincorrect.ThelastsentencemakesitclearthattheavailabilityofsoftwareinterfacesthatmakemanualcontrolsunnecessaryisanaspectofthefuturethatClarkeandKubrickfailedtoenvision.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:Choice(Cisincorrect.The"softwareinterfaces"(line11referredtomakeitpossibletousetoday'scomputerswithoutthetypesofmanualcontrolsrequiredtooperateHAL.SuchsoftwareinterfaceswerenotenvisionedbyHAL'screators.Manualcontrolsarepresentedastheonlyway—notoneofmanyways—thathumanbeingscouldaccesscomputerslikeHAL.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:Choice(Disincorrect."Software"isreferredtointhepassageonlyinconnectionwiththekindofsoftwareinterfacesthatmakecertaintypesofmanualcontrolsunnecessary.Thereisnomentionofattemptstooverridesoftware.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:Choice(Eisincorrect.Byreferringto"softwareinterfaces"(lines11andthemanualcontrolsthatsuchsoftwaremakesunnecessary,theauthorsuggeststhatcurrentcomputersaresuperiortoHALincertainrespects.ButnothingiseithersaidorimpliedaboutwhethercurrentcomputersareinferiortoHALintheirabilitytosimulatehumanintelligenceandemotions10ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONSExplanationforCorrectAnswerA:Choice(Aiscorrect.InthebeginningofthesentenceinwhichthequotationfromtheConstitutionoccurs,womenarecontrastedwith"indenturedservants,slaves,andAmericanIndians"(line6.WomenwhodidnotbelongtooneoftheseothergroupswereclassifiedbytheConstitutionasamong"thewholenumberoffreepersons"(line10.Butfortheseothergroups,whowerenot"freepersons,"thequestionofvotingandbeingelectedtopublicofficewasseenasanissue,whereasforwomentheissuedidnotevenarise.ThequotationfromtheConstitutionemphasizestheinternalinconsistency—ofclassifyingwomenasequivalenttomeninonerespectandasbeingunequaltomeninanotherrespect.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:Choice(Bisincorrect.ThequotationfromtheConstitutionservestoemphasizethatwomenwere"freepersons"inaverylimitedsense,nottodemonstratethatwomenwerefree,whileservants,slaves,andAmericanIndianswerenot.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:Choice(Cisincorrect.Thepassagespecificallysaysthatwomencouldnotvoteor"beelectedtopublicoffice"(line11-12.Thereisnosuggestionthatwomencouldgetaroundthisrestrictionbybeingappointedratherthanelected.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:Choice(Disincorrect.Accordingtothepassage,equitablerepresentation,requiredareasonablyaccuratecountof"thewholenumberoffreepersons"(line10inastate.Thepassagedoessuggestthatthereweremanypeoplewhodidnotgetcountedbecausetheywerenotclassifiedas"freepersons,"butthisisnotthesameasillustratingthedifficulty"ofachievingequitablerepresentation."ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:Choice(Eisincorrect.Thepassagedoesnotusetheterm"freecitizen."Thequotationisusedinthecourseofmakingthepointthatwomenwereregardedas"freepersons"(line10.Nothinginthepassagesuggeststhatsomeonecouldbeafreepersonbutnotafreecitizen.11ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONSExplanationforCorrectAnswerE:Choice(Eiscorrect.Thepassagesaysthat"womeninlargenumbershadbeeninvolvedinpoliticalactionsintheAmericanRevolution"(lines14-15,andgoesontomention“fund-raising,teaboycotts,andactionsagainstprofiteeringmerchants”asexamplesofwayswomenhadfoundfor"exertinginfluenceonpoliticalevents"(lines17-18.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerA:Choice(Aisincorrect.Thepassagementions“fund-raising,teaboycotts,andactionsagainstprofiteeringmerchants”aswayswomenhadfoundfor"exertinginfluenceonpoliticalevents"(lines17-18.ButexertinginfluenceoneventsconnectedwiththeAmericanRevolutionisnotthesameasalteringthecourseoftheAmericanRevolution.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:Choice(Bisincorrect.Theactivitiesmentionedinlines18-19arecitedasexamplesofpoliticalactivitiesundertakenbywomeninsupportoftheAmericanRevolution.ThereisnosuggestionthatthewomeninvolvedsawtheseactivitiesasprotestsagainstspecificallymaledominanceasopposedtoprotestsagainstBritishdominanceingeneral.Itisonlylaterthatthepas