常用地质学英语词汇

2.GEOLOGY地质2.1LITHOLOGYCASSIFICATIONANDDESCRIPTIONORDER岩性分类与描述顺序2.1.1RockTypes岩石类型SediSedimentry沉积岩clasclastic碎屑岩sssandstone砂岩mdstmudstone泥岩shshale页岩clyst,clstclaystone粘土岩sdsand砂mSsdmediumsandstone中砂岩fsstfinesandstone细砂岩bldrboulder卵石pblpebble卵石grlgravel砾石cglconglomerate砾岩gywkgraywacke硬砂岩cblcobble大鹅卵石arkarkose长石砂岩grnlgranule粒砂brecbreccic角砾岩biocbioclastic生物碎屑岩vcrssstverycoarsesandstone极粗砂岩arglargillite泥板岩gypgypsum石膏anhyanhydrite硬石膏sltsalt盐岩flint-lingite隧石carbonate碳酸盐岩lslimestone灰岩,石灰岩dolodolomite白云石dolstdolostone白云岩mrlsmarlstone泥灰石coqcoquina贝壳灰岩biospbiosparte生物亮晶灰岩biomibiomicrite生物微晶灰岩clcarcalcarenite灰屑岩,钙屑灰岩27clcltcalcilutite泥屑石灰岩micrmicrite微晶灰岩clcrdcalcirudite砾屑石灰岩clsltcalcisilitite粉砂屑石灰岩grstgrainstone粒状灰岩ooliticlimestone鲕状灰岩IgneousRock火成岩intrusiveigneous侵入岩extrusiveigneous喷出岩volccolcanic火山岩grtgranite花岗岩drdiorite闪长岩grdrgranodiorite花岗闪长岩qudrquartzdiorite石英闪长岩drpodioriteporphyrite闪长玢岩syenite正长岩gab,gbgabbro辉长岩qupoquartzporphyrite石英玢岩anandesite安山岩basbasalt玄武岩aragaragonite纹石,霞石MetaMetsmorphicrock变质岩phylphyllite千枚岩slslate板岩schschist片岩mblmarble大理岩gnegneiss片麻岩qtztquartzite石英岩novacnovaculite致密石英岩2.1.2COLColor,Colour颜色blkblack黑色brnbrown棕色yelyellow黄色gy,grygrey灰色ororange橙色,桔色blblue蓝色gn,grngreen绿色wi,whtwhite白色pnkpink粉红色plpurple紫色28lavlavender浅紫色,淡紫色bfbuff浅黄色tntan棕黄色chocchocolate褐色ochochve褐色,黄褐色olvolive橄榄色crmcream奶油色mottmotted杂色,斑点voclvaricoloree杂色的ambamber琥珀色ltlight淡的dk,drkdark暗的cccolorcode颜色代码2.1.3Hardness硬度VHDveryhard非常硬MHDmiddlehard中硬Hhard硬SFTsoft软VSFTverysoft非常软2.1.4Roundness磨圆sharpangular尖棱状angleangular棱角状subanglesubangular次棱角状subrndsubround次圆状rndround圆状wellround磨圆好2.1.5GrainSizeTerminology颗粒大小术语(seeapp.Table(见附表2.1.6Sorting分选gogood好ffair一般mdmedium中等prpoor差ccoarsely粗造2.1.7Cementation胶结,胶结物29cpcompact胶结致密dnsdense胶结密实wellwell胶结好lseloose胶结疏松sdyaresandyarenaceous砂质sdysandy砂质mdyaremudyargillaceous泥质ethyearthy泥质clyclay粘土质cal,calccalcarous钙质sisiliceous硅质limlimy灰质kaokaolin高岭土质carbcarbonaceous碳质的qtzcquartzitic石英质quartzizose石英质的nacnacreous珍珠质2.1.8AccessoriesofRock岩石的次要成分minmineral矿物accessarymineral次生矿物qz,qtzquartz石英mic,micamicaceous云母muscmuscovite白云母biotbiotite黑云母srctsericite绢云母fldfeldspar长石orthorthpclase正长石plagplagioclase斜长石gabgabbro辉长石pypyrite黄铁矿lmtlimonite褐铁矿magmagnetite磁铁矿calccalcite方解石doldolomite白云石gypgypsum石膏anhyanhydite无水石膏sasalt盐asphasphalt沥青bitbitumen沥青gilgilsomite天然沥青flntflint黑燧石,电石30chtchert黑硅石chkchalk白垩fosfossils化石micfomicrofossil微化石macfomacrofossil大化石plfosplantfossil植物化石vrtbvertebrate脊椎动物ancientlife古生物faufauna动物群floflora植物群spo,sprspore孢子,孢粉tritrilobite三叶虫corcoral珊瑚shlshell贝壳ammammonite菊石algalgae藻类diatdiatoms硅藻charcharophyte轮藻类grapgraptolite笔石类ostostracod介形虫(节肢动物paraparaparchites介形虫conoconodont牙形虫crincrinoid海百合TentTentaculities竹节石属mollmollusc软体动物EchEchinoid海胆类(棘皮动物BryBryozoa苔藓动物门CephCephalipod头足纲(软体类BelmBelmnifera箭石属(头足类BrachBrachinopoda腕足类(动物门CypCypridopsis斗星介属(介形类foramforaminifera有孔虫类EndoEndothgra内卷虫属(有孔虫类GlobGlobigerina抱球虫属(有孔虫类GastGasttropod腹足纲(软体动物FusFusulinicl纺锤蜓2.1.9DepositionalDistinguishingFeature沉积识别特征sedimentarystructure沉积构造bddbeded层状的bnddbanded层状的bandband夹层31xlamcrosslaminated交错层理xbddcrossbeded交错层intbddinterbeded互层的,夹层的crnkcrinkled褶皱contcontact接触,界面unconfunconformity不整合confconformity整合crevcrevive裂隙concconcretion结核,含有物nodnodules结核。团块vesvesicular多孔状lumpylumpy块状conchconchoidal贝壳状grangranular颗粒状slkysilky丝状glglassy玻璃状fibfibrous纤维状glblrglobular球状xlcrystal结晶xlncrystalline结晶体2.1.10Others其它porosity孔隙度gdgood15%好fair10~15%中等poor5~10%较差traceless5%微小fissibity解理,可劈性clvgclesvage解理,劈理crystalorgrainsize晶体形状与颗粒大小texture结构lstrlustre光泽silky丝绢光泽swellingproperties膨胀度,膨胀性solubiling吸水性accessorymineral次生矿2.1.11ExaminationforHydrocarbonShows油气显示鉴定hydrocarbonindication油气显示oilshowdescription油气显示描述fluorescenceobservation荧光观察dirfluodirectfluorescence湿照32samplefluorescence干照cutfluocuttingfluorescence滴照solventfluorescence浸泡照射nofluonofluorescence无荧光显示microtrace显示相当微弱trace微弱present有,中等important强veryimportant很强bribright明亮2.2THEEXAMPLESOFLITHOLOGYDESCRIPTION岩性描述范例2.2.1Noncarbonate,clastic非碳酸盐岩,碎屑岩Iftherepresentativesamplesfromthesieverhavebeenselectedandthepercentageofthevariousconstituentshavebeenestimated,thenthelogicalorderofthesampledescriptionis:如果从筛子中已选出具有代表性的岩样,而且该岩样的各组份含量已估计出,那么该岩样的描述顺序则为:1,ROCKTYPE岩性,岩石类别2,COLOR颜色3,HARDNESS硬度(硬化作用Thecommonadjectivesdescribingindurationare:硬化作用一般的形容描述内容是:densehardmedium-hardsoftspongy密集的,硬的,中等坚硬,软的,多孔的friablecompactbrittleslatey松散的致密的脆的板状的4,GRAINSIZE颗粒大小seetofigure2,1.5(见图表2,1,55,GRAINSHAPE颗粒形状Theonlyfivegeneralclassesareconsideredanddefinedasfollowing:唯一可考虑的五种一般类别为:sharpangularsubangularroundedwellrounded尖棱状棱角状次棱角状磨圆状好的磨圆状6,SORTING分选作用7,LUSTER光泽Thecommonusedtermsofthelusterare:关于光泽一般常使用的词组有:coatedpittedfrosteddeeplyetchedfrostysilky覆盖物坑状物霜状表面深度侵蚀霜状的丝绢光泽33oilyvitreousglassyshinytranslucentearthy油脂光泽透明的玻璃的发亮的半透明的泥土状waxysootyveletysoapyresinous蜡状的乌黑色天鹅绒状肥皂状树脂状8,CEMENTATION胶结,胶结物calcitedolomitesulfatesironoxidessilicapyriteclayssilts方解石白云石硫酸盐氧化铁硅质黄铁矿粘土粉砂siderite菱铁矿9,STRUCTURE构造Thestructureofsandstonerefersto:砂岩的构造一般是指:laminationsfracturesfracturespatternsbandingnodular纹理裂缝裂缝形式条纹结核状Thecommonstructuresofshalesandsiltstoneare:页岩和粉砂岩的构造是指:massivelumpyplatylaminatedfoliatedfissile块状团块状纹层状薄片状裂片状splinteryflakey10,ACCESSORIES次生矿物Thecommonbutminorconstituentsofsandstonesare:常见的砂岩微量次生矿物有:biotitemuscoviteglauconitepyritebaritesideritechert黑云母白云母海绿石黄铁矿重晶石菱铁矿黑隧石coalssolidhydrocarbonsfossils煤固态烃化石11,INCLUSIONS夹杂物gypsumanhydritechertironoxidesnoduiespelletsofbarite石膏无水石膏黑隧石氧化铁结核体重晶石球pyritemudoolitescoalconcretionarymaterials黄铁矿泥浆鲕状岩煤固结材料2.2.2Carbonate碳酸盐岩Afterthelithologyofthesampleshavebeenselected,thedescriptionofthecarbonatecanbedointhefollowingorder:岩样岩性选择好后,碳酸盐岩的描述可依以下顺序进行:1,COLOR颜色Thenormalcolorsoflimestonesanddolomitesare:gray,white,buff,brown石灰岩和白云岩的正常颜色是:灰色,白色,浅黄色,棕色2,GRAINSIZE颗粒大小3,CHARACTOROFGRAINS颗粒特征Fragmentscanbedescribedinthesameassandgrains:碎屑可和砂岩一样进行描述sharpangularsubangularroundedglobularspheroidal尖棱角棱角状次棱角状圆状球形扁球形34Oolitesmaybeclassedas:spheroidal,spherical,elliptical,irregular,flattened鲕粒可分类为:扁球形,球形,椭圆状,不规则状,拉平状4,TEXTURE结构seetothefigure2.3.4(参见表2。3。45,STRUCTURES构造Thestructurefeatureofcarbonateinclude:碳酸盐岩构造特征包括:stylolitesfracturesmicrofractureslaminaebandingcrinkling柱状构造裂缝构造微裂缝构造纹层状带状波状concretionswhorlsbrecciation结核状环状角砾状6,INCOUSIOUS夹杂物2.2.3HydrocarbonShowDescription油气显示描述Hydrocarbonshowdescriptionshouldbewritteninthefollowingorder:油气显示的描述应按以下顺序来写:1,freeoilinmud泥浆中的游离油2,odor油味,气味3,visiblestaining-colorandpercentage可视染色情况:颜色和所占百分比4,fluorescence:rate,color,intensityandpercentage荧光显示情况:级别,颜色,强度和百分比5,cut:rate,color,intensityandnaturalcolor泡荧光情况:级别,颜色,强度和自然颜色2.2.4Examples描述范例Sst:at3185m.gy-wh.vhd.70%csegr.20%mgr.10%fgr.Subrnd-rndiregshapedctgs.Trcalc,nofoss.Novispor.Nofluo砂岩:井深:3185米,灰色-白色,含70%的粗砂,20%的中砂,10%的细砂。次圆-圆状,岩屑形状不规则,微含方解石。无化石。无可见孔隙。无荧光Ls:at4255m.wh-gy.Mhd.iregshapedctgs.90%ofctgsshowvdri-yel/gldfluo.Abntfreeoilinmudasglobs2mmindia石灰岩:井深:4255米,白色-灰色,中硬。岩屑形状不规则。荧光灯下90%的岩屑呈现亮黄--金黄色。泥浆中富含游离油,油花直径为2毫米。2.2.5TermsandPhasesinDiscussionofLithologyDescription岩性描述讨论中使用的术语standardlogform标准录井格式thestandardwelllog标准录井图theconventionalstriplog常规条状录井图35stratigraphiccolumnsection岩层柱状剖面图crosssection横剖面图verticalscale垂直比例expendedscales扩展比例symbols,legends岩性符号,图例lithologicdescription岩性描述basicgeologicwork基本的地质工作writtendescription手绘描述rockexamination岩石检验rockanalysis岩石分析rockandmineralidentification岩石和矿物鉴定routineexamination常规检验testwithdiluteHCl用稀释的盐酸检验treatmentwithacid与酸反应diluteacid稀释盐酸dotdilutehydrochloricacid稀释的热盐酸theeffervescencetest起泡试验degreeofeffervescence起泡程度degreeofreaction反应程度immediatelyandsharply立即,剧烈quickly快速的slowly慢的acidpolish,theetchedsurface溶蚀面natureofresidue残余物本质theuntreatedrockfragment未反应的岩石碎片insoluableresidue非溶解残余物lackofreactionwithacid与酸不反应thesolublematrix溶解性岩石骨架物质hardness硬度scratchingtherockfragmentsurface划岩石随片表面distinguishingdifferentlithictype区分不同岩性类型thinsectionexamination薄片检验grain-matrixrelationship颗粒骨架关系grain-cementrelationship颗粒胶结关系methodsoflogging录井的方法interpreativesystem解释系统differentrocktypes不同岩石类别lithologiccharacteristics岩性特征drillingcutting钻井岩屑qualityofsamples岩样的质量percentagesystem百分比系统porosityestimates孔隙度估计36scaningsample扫描岩样lithologicbreaks岩性中断thestandardorderofdescription岩性描述的标准顺序rockcompoents岩石组份grainsize颗粒大小sizegrade粒级shapeofgrain颗粒形状evidenceofwear磨蚀痕迹distributionofgrains颗粒分布detectionandevaluationofporosity孔隙度的检测与评价thevolumeofthevoidspaceintherock岩石中有效空间的体积thecapacityofarockfortransmittingafluid岩石传输流体的能力effectiveporosity有效孔隙度qualitativeestimatesoftheporesize孔隙大小的定量估计sizeofvugs裂缝大小thedescriptionofhydrocarbon烃类的描述adecisionfactor决定因素obviousshows明显显示positiveindicationsofhydrocarbonsincuttings钻屑中烃类存在的正标志strengthofodor气味强度oilodor,condensateodor油味,凝析油味onafreshbrokensurface新鲜断面oil-bearingrockfragments含油岩碎片examinationofhydrocarbonfluorescence烃类物质荧光检测mineralfluorescence矿物荧光hydrocarbonfluorescence烃类荧光theintensityrange强度范围oilfluorescence含油荧光extremelyweak极弱veryweak非常弱weak,fair,strong弱,一般,强problemsininterpretingdrillingcuttings钻屑解释中存在的问题truecuttings真实岩屑freshcutting新鲜岩屑flakyshape块状freshnessofappearance新鲜断面cavings坍塌物re-circulation再循环物othercontaminations其他污染物lostcirculationmaterials堵漏材料obviouslyforeignmaterials明显的外部物质cementfragments水泥碎片rockdust岩石粉尘powderedrock粉末状岩石samplelagcorrectionerror岩屑迟后校正有误foreignoilcontamination外部油品污染pipedope钻杆丝扣油grease润滑油fueloil燃料油2.3PETROLEUMGEOLOGY石油地质2.3.1ApplicationofGeologyConcepts地质概念的应用geologicalfactor地质因素earlyexploration早期勘探surfaceexploration地面勘探subsurfaceexploration地下勘探predrillingexploration钻前勘探geophysicalexploration地球物理勘探geochemicalexploration地球化学勘探seismograph地震仪theseismicmethod地震勘探法thegravimetermethod重力勘探法themagnetometer磁力勘探法ERSATEarthResourceSatellite地球资源卫星explorationapplication勘探应用basinevaluation盆地评价wildcatwells区域范围内预探井2.3.2DepositionalEnvironment沉积环境depositionalbasin沉积盆地sedimentaryenvironment沉积环境depositionalenvironment沉积环境recentdepositionalenvironment近代沉积环境interpretationofenvironment环境解释environmentcolor环境颜色post-depositionalhistoryofthesediments沉积物的后沉积历史geologicalhistory地质历史historyofdeposit沉积历史depositionalsequence沉积序列geochemicalenvironment地球化学环境thesignificantindicatorsofenvironmentofdeposition沉积环境的明显标志diagnosticfossile特征化石internalstructureoffossils化石的内部结构sedimentarystructures沉积构造syngeneticstructure同生构造compacting压实作用cementation胶结作用sorting分选作用oxidation氧化作用continentalaeolian陆相风成deltaic三角洲aeolian风成三角洲alluvial冲击三角洲transitionaldeltaic海陆过渡三角洲沉积相coastalinterdeltaic三角洲滨海沉积相deltaicplain三角洲平原prodeltaicplain前三角洲平原marine海相沉积normalmarine正常海相slope大陆坡shelf大陆架offshorearea浅海地区deepoceanareas深海地区deep深海2.3.3GeologicalStructures地质构造earthmovement地壳运动crustalmovementoftheearth地壳运动contourmap等高线图,构造图thestructuralarrangement构造排列oldshoreline古岸线pinchout地层尖灭truncationofbeds地层截断sandtrend砂层趋势strata/beds岩层,地层fold褶皱anticline背斜syncline向斜symmetricalanticline对称背斜plungingasymmetricalanticline不对称倾伏背斜plungingsyncline倾伏向斜fault断层normalfault正断层reversefault逆断层thrustfault逆掩断层lateralfault平移断层rotationalfault旋转断层upthrustfault仰冲断层unconformity不整合disconconformity假整合angularunconformity角度不整合saltdome盐丘domewithdeepsaltcore具有盐核的穹隆vitrinite镜质体geologicalprofile地质剖面outcrops露头unweatheredoutcrops未经风化的露头cuttings岩屑core岩心2.3.4Origin&MigrationofPetroleum油气的成因与运移asourceofoilandgas油气源sedimentaryrocks沉积岩intheabsenceofoxygen缺氧的环境sourcerocks生油岩organicmatter有机物质land-deliveredorganicmatter陆生有机物livingorganisms有机生物themarinelife海洋生物themicroscopeandplantlife微生物,植物sediment/deposit沉积物clasticmaterial碎屑物chemicalprecipitates化学沉积物sourceofpetroleum油母质proteins蛋白质organiccarbon有机碳theorganiccarboncontent有机碳的含量kerogen干烙根humus腐殖质peat泥碳heavyhydrocarbon重烃saturatedhydrocarbon饱和烃unsaturatedhydrocarbon非饱和烃nonhydrocarboncompounds非烃类化合物originofpetroleum石油的成因originofgas天然气的成因maturationofpetroleum石油的成熟度formationtemperature地层温度geologicalage(maturity地质年龄(成熟度depthofbural埋藏深度basinposition盆地位置occuurrenceofpetroleum石油的产状salinity矿化度sulfurcontent含硫量crudeoilgravity原油的比重refractiveindex折射率flashandburnpoint闪光点和燃点cloudandpourpoint浊点和倾点coefficientofexpansion膨胀系数density密度odor气味opticalactivity旋光性waxcontent含蜡量undernormalhydrostaticpressure一般流体静压力下movementofwater原生水的运动naturaldrivingforce自然驱动力overlyingsediment上覆沉积物migration油气的运移primarymigration初次运移seconderymigration二次运移2.3.5PetroleumAccumulation石油的聚集petroleumreservoir石油储集层reservoirrocks储集岩sandstonereservoir砂岩储集层carbonatereservoir碳酸盐岩储集层sufficientthickness有效的厚度goodreservoirporosityandpermeable良好的储层孔隙度和渗透率porosity孔隙度permeablity渗透率sufficientarealextentandporespace足够的面积和孔隙空间solutionchannels溶洞fracturing裂隙theporositycharacteristicofrocks岩石的孔隙特征theintergranularporosityofsandstone砂岩的粒间孔隙interparticle(颗粒和晶体间的粒间孔隙intraparticle(颗粒溶解引起的粒间孔隙theporespaceofrockformation岩层孔隙空间reservoirpressure储层压力formationpressure地层压力thehydrostaticpressure流体静压力thehydrostaticalpressuregradient静水压力梯度trap圈闭basicreservoirtraps储集层基本圈闭faulttraps断层圈闭anticlinetraps背斜圈闭stratigraphictraps地层圈闭lenticulartraps透镜体圈闭hydrocarbontraps烃类圈闭potentialhydrocarbontraps潜在的烃类圈闭thrusttraps逆掩断层圈闭hydrodynamictraps(movingliquid水动力圈闭updipterminationofporosity上倾尖灭changeinlithology岩性变化convergence地层敛合erosion侵蚀faulting断层piercement刺穿onlap超覆archeduppersurface上表层隆起folded褶皱differentialthickness不同厚度differentialporosity不同孔隙度anticlinereservoirstructure背斜储层结构impermeablecover非渗透性盖层shaleandevaporites页岩和蒸发岩2.3.6OilfieldFluid油田流体reservoirfluid储集层流体reservoirwater储层水watersaturation含水饱和度concentrationofdissolvedsolids溶解固体的浓度compositionofdissolvedsolids溶解固体的成份saltwater盐水freshwater淡水connateintertitalwater原生孔隙水subsurfacewatersample地下水样subsurfaceliquid地下流体mobileliquid流性流体viscousliquid粘性流体fluiddistribution流体分布reservoiroilandgas储层油气oilzone油层42gaszone气层waterzone水层oil-watercontact油水接触面gas-to-oilcontact油气接触面gascap气顶gas-to-oiltransitionzone油气过渡带oil/gasratio油气比crudeoil原油theliquidoil石油液体solutiongas溶解气freegas游离气naturalgas天然气LNGliquidnaturalgas液化天然气undersaturated欠饱和状态undersaturatedoil欠饱和原油supersaturated超饱和compositionofpetroleum石油成份molecularsize分子大小moleculartype分子类型carbon碳hydrogen氢sulfur硫nitrogen氮oxygen氧hydrocarbon碳烃化合物saturatedhydrocarbon饱和烃unsaturatedhydrocarbon非饱和烃naphthenes环烷烃drygas干气wetgas湿气methane甲烷ethane乙烷propone丙烷n-butane异丁烷iso-butane正丁烷pentane戊烷hexane己烷heptane庚烷octane辛烷nonane壬烷decane癸烷olefins烯烃ethylene乙烯43propylene丙烯butylene丁烯aromatics芳香烃paraffins石蜡组烃benzene苯toluene甲苯xylene二甲苯wax蜡asphalts沥青naturalgasoline天然汽油gasoline汽油kerosene煤油gas-oil,diesel柴油lubricatingoil润滑油fueloil燃料油residuum残余油2.4GEOLOGICALPROGRAMME地质设计CONTENTS:目录1,WellData基本数据wellname井名surfacelocation地表位置seismicline地震测线latitude经度longitude纬度UTMco-ordinates通用横向麦卡托图坐标ELEV.AMSLabovemeansealevel平均地表海拔高度welltype井别exploration(wildcat区域探井(野猫井deviationdeviatedhole井斜情况,斜井totaldepth设计井深groundelevation地面海拔casingdepths设计套管下深primarytarget主要钻探目的层secondarytarget次要钻探目的层tertiarytarget第三钻探目的层megasequence巨层层序,地层层序confidentialclassification密级,保密级别confidential机密,密件tighthole保密井HTHPWhightemperaturehighpressurewell高温高压井operator,partners施工者,合伙人442,GeologicalSettingandStructure地质环境和构造athrustanticline逆冲断层,逆掩断层dipclourse倾角闭合amajorthrustfault主要的逆掩断层additionalminorfault另外次要的断层thecoreofanticline背斜的核心部位theearlystructure早期的构造amigrationpathway运移的途径3、ObjectivesandTargets目的层themainreservoirobjectives主要储集层目标structure/stratigraphictrap构造/地层圈闭thenearestoffsetwell最近的对比井thenatureandqualityofreservoir储集层的