阅读理解专项训练(一) 主旨大意题-高考英语培优

三状元高级中学英语培优——阅读理解专项训练（一）1.Yetalthoughofficeswillnotdisappear,it’shardtoimaginethatworkinglifewillreturntobefore-COVID-19(新冠肺炎)ways.Formorethanacenturyworkershavepushedthemselveson-tocrowdedtrainsandbuses,orsufferedtrafficjams,togetintotheoffice,andback,fivedaysaweek.However,forthepastoneyeartheyhavenothadtocommute(上下班往返),andmayenjoyitforalongtime.Employers,fortheirpart,havesupportedexpensiveofficesincitycentersbecausetheyneedtogatherworkersinoneplace.Therentisonlypartofthecost;therearecleaning,lightning,printers,cateringandsecurityontop.Needlesstosay,inthehomeworkingerathesecostsarecutdown.Anotherpartofthehomeworkingeramaybethedisappearanceofthefive-dayworkingweek.EvenbeforetheCOVID-19manyworkersbecameusedtotakingphonecallsoransweringemailsattheweekend.Inthehomeworkingera,thedividinglinebetweenhomeandworkinglife,ausefulwayofrelievingstress,willbeevenhardertokeep.Itmaybelostaltogether.What’smore,withouttheMonday-to-Fridaycommute,theweekendseemsmorenebulous,foremployeesmaywalkandtakebreaksfreely,withonlythecompanyvideocallsunchanged.Lookingfurtherout,thehomeworkingeramaybringotherchanges.Somemaydecidetoliveinsmalltownswherehousingcostsarelower,sincetheyhavenoneedtocommute.Menwillhavefewerexcusestoskipcleaningorchildcareiftheyarenotdisappearingtotheoffice.Inasense,thisisareturntonormal:untilthe19thcenturymostpeopleworkedatorclosetotheirhomes.Butsocialhistoriansmaystillregard2020asthestartofanewage.细节理解题1.WhichoneisthechangeoftheworkinglifeaftertheCOVID-19?A.Livinginbigcities. B.Moretrafficjams.C.Reducedworkingcost. D.Lessphonecallsattheweekend.词句猜测题2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nebulous”meaninthe4thparagraph?A.Important. B.Unclear. C.Fruitful. D.Annoying.推理判断题3.Whichwordcanbestdescribethewriter’sattitudeinthelastparagraph?A.Doubtful. B.Objective. C.Supportive. D.Negative.主旨大意题4.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.2020:theStartofaNewAge?B.TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofWorkingatHomeC.WhoistheWinner:EmployerorEmployee?D.HomeandWorkingLife:HowtoKeepBalanced?2.AviLoeb,ascientist,believesthatwearenotaloneintheuniverse.ThebelieffitswithLoeb’salien(外星的)spaceshiptheorythatatleastonealienspaceshipmightbeflyingovertheorbit(轨道)ofJupiter(木星）,whichwontheinternationalattentionlastyear.AstronomersinHawaiifoundthefirstknowninterstellar(星际的)objectinlate2017.Itwasabitoflightmovingsofastpastthesunthatitcouldonlyhavecomefromanotherstar.Almosteveryastronomerontheplanetwastryingtofigureouthowtheobject,called“Oumuamua”gottoourfar-away,partoftheMilkywaygalaxy.“Onepossibilityisthat‘Oumuamua’isdebris(碎片)fromanadvancedtechnologicalequipment,”Loebsaid.“Technologycomesfromanothersolarsystemjustshowedupatourdoor.”“‘Oumuamua’isnotanalienspaceship,”PaulSutter,anotherscientistwrote.HesuggestedLoebwasseekingpublicity.Mostscientiststhink“Oumuamua”issomesortofrock.Theythinkitcouldbeanicywanderingcomet.Loebsaysthat“Oumuamua’s”behavior,meansitcan’tbeablockofrockshapedlikealongphoto.Hethinksit'smorelikelyanobjectthat’sverylongandthin,perhapslikealongpancakeoraship’ssail.Loebsaysthatifsomeoneshowshimevidencethatcontradictshisbeliefs,hewillimmediatelygivein.Loebbelieveshimselfatruth-tellerandrisk-takerinanageofverysafe,too-quietscientists.“TheworstthingthatcanhappentomeisthatIwouldberelievedofmymanagementduties,andthatwouldgivemeevenmoretimetofocusonscience,”Loebsays.Hesaidhewouldn’tmindgivingupallthetitleshehadandreturningtotheIsraelifarmingvillagewherehegrewup.细节理解题5.WhatdoesLoebsayabout“Oumuamua”?A.Itisanicycomet.B.Itlookslikealongphoto.C.Itisactuallysomesortofrock.D.Itmaycomefromanotheraliencivilization.词句猜测题6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contradicts”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Applyfor. B.Dependson.C.Turnsto. D.Goesagainst.推理判断题7.WhatdoyouthinkofLoeb?A.Heisfoolish.B.Heisunsatisfiedwithhistitles.C.Heisafirmbelieverinscientifictruth.D.Heisuncertainabouthiscareerfuture.主旨大意题8.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.HaveAliensPaidaVisitinSpaceships?B.DoWeReallyKnowaboutSpaceTheory?C.ScientistsAreWorkingonHighTechnologyD.AstronomersAreEncouragingSpaceTravelDogsareoftenreferredtoas“man’sbestfriend”.ButMacKenzie,afour-poundchihuahua,whowasnamedwinnerofthe2020AmericanHeroDogCompetitiononOctober19,2020,ismakingtheworldabetterplaceforhumansandanimalsalike.Initstenthyearin2020,theannualcontestisthebrainchildofAmericanHumaneAssociation,thecountry’sfirstnationalcharitableorganizationfoundedforthesafetyandwell-beingofanimals.Oftencalledthe“Oscarsfordogs”,theawardrecognizesdogswhomakeextremelygreatcontributionstosociety.Thecompetitionof2020attractedover400entriesfromacrossthecountry.Theseheroicdogshavegoneabovethecallofduty,savinglives,comfortingtheillandagedandremindingusofthepowerful,age-oldtiesbetweenanimalsandpeople.Whileallwereimpressive,itwastinyMacKenziewhowonthejudges’hearts.MacKenzie’spathtostardomwasnoteasy.Bornwithamouthdisability,shehadtobefedthroughatube(管子)forthefirstyearofherlife.Despiteherownstruggles,shealwaysseemedtothinkmoreofotheranimalsinneed.“NeverhaveIseensuchawilltolive.Thoughsick,shecarefullylookedafterthebabyanimalsattherescuecenter,”saidhercaretaker.Alife-savingoperationperformedin2014gaveMacKenzietheabilitytoeatindependently.Theseven-year-oldchihuahua(吉娃娃）isnowworkingfortheMiaFoundationsNewYork-basedcharitableorganizationthatrescuesandnursesanimalswithinborndisabilities.Thechihuahuadoesanexcellentjobandhasraisedvariousanimals.Sheplaysnurse,cleans,comfortsandhugsthem,actingastheirmotherandteachingthemhowtosocialize,playandhavegoodmanners.Inadditiontoherroleasananimalcaretaker,MacKenziealsovisitsschoolstoeducatekidsabouttheimportanceofacceptingphysicaldifferencesinbothanimalsandpeople.Herheart-warmingandinspiringstorymakesheraworthyreceiverofAmericanstopdoghonor!推理判断题9.WhatcanwelearnabouttheAmericanHeroDogCompetition?A.Itwasstartedbyacharitableorganization.B.Itwasmeanttohonorgatekeepersofdogs.C.Ittakesplaceeverytenyears.D.Itwasfirstheldin2012.推理判断题10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMacKenzie?A.Talentedandstrong. B.Courageousandselfless.C.Funnyandfriendly. D.Confidentandparticular.细节理解题11.InwhichaspectcanstudentsbenefitfromMacKenzie’svisits?A.Learningfromfailures. B.Valuingphysicalhealth.C.Understandingthedisabled. D.Developingpracticalability.主旨大意题12.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.DogsAreMan’sBestFriendsB.TreatDogstheWayWeWanttoBeTreatedC.2020AmericanHeroDog:ATinyChihuahuaD.TouchingStoriesBetweenMacKenzieandPeople4.Operaisanartformthatcelebratesthehumanvoice.Nootherartformcreatesexcitementandmovestheheartinthewaythatoperadoes,especiallywhenperformedbyagreatsinger.OperaisanimportantpartoftheWesternclassicalmusictradition.Itusesmusic,words,andactionstobringadramaticstorytolife.OperastartedinItalyattheendofthe16thcenturyandlaterbecamepopularthroughoutEurope.Overtheyears,ithasrespondedtovariousmusicals.Inrecentdecades,muchwideraudienceshavebeenintroducedtooperathroughmodernrecordingtechnology.However,inrecentyears,operahasbeenfacingseriouschallenges.Onecurrentchallengetooperaiseconomic.Theshortageofmoneyraisesthebroaderquestionofhowmuchshouldbepaidtosupportoperasingersandotherartists.Societyseemstoacceptthelargesalariespaidtobusinessmanagersandthemulti-million-dollarcontractsgiventosportsathletes.Butwhataboutoperasingers?Somehow,peoplehavetheideathatartistscanbecreativeonlyiftheysufferinpoverty（贫困）,butthisisunrealistic.Ifartists,includingoperasingers,lackthesupporttheyneed,valuabletalentiswasted.Notonlytheshortageofmoney,butalsothewaymoneyismanagedintheoperaworldhasledtohardships.Principal(主要的)singersaregenerallypaidperformancefeesoncetheycompleteashow.Theytypicallyreceivenothingduringthemanyweeksofrehearsal(排练)beforeashowstarts.Anotherproblemfacedbyoperaishowtomeetthedemandsofaudienceswhoareinfluencedbypopularentertainment（娱乐）.Popsingersareoftenjudgedasmuchonthebasisofhowtheylookashowtheysound.Thesedemandsmaybeunrealisticandpossiblyharmful.Operasingerssimplycannotmakeasoundbigenoughtofillalargetheaterorconcerthallwithoutamicrophone(麦克风)iftheirbodyweightistoolow.Valuingphysicalappearanceoversingingabilitymaycauseaudiencestomissoutonthehumanvoiceatitsbest.Therearenoeasysolutionstoopera'sproblemsandtherearemanydifferentopinionsaboutthevalueofopera.However,everyyearmanyyoungpeopleregisterformusiccourseswithhopesanddreamsofdevelopingtheirtalentsinthisspecialartform.Thefactthatoperahassurvivedmanyobstaclesandcontinuestoattracttherisinggenerationshowsthatitremainsarespectedartformfullofvalue.推理判断题13.WhichofthestatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Operasingers'lifestoriesaredramatic.B.OperawillsoonappearonTVandinfilmsC.Operafansthankcelebritiesforperforming.D.Operadevelopsbyadaptingtonewconditions.细节理解题14.WhatcanweknowfromParagraphs2and3?A.Operasingersarefinanciallyinsecure（不安全）.C.Operasingersgetpaidbeforetheshow.B.Operasingerswastetheirvaluabletalent.D.Operasingersperformbetteriftheyarepoor.推理判断题15.WhatdoestheauthortrytosayinParagraph4?A.Popularculturehashadapositiveinfluenceonopera.B.Audiencesknowbesthowoperashouldbeperformed.C.Microphonesshouldbeusedtomakeoperamoreenjoyable.D.Operasingers'voicesshouldbevaluedmorethantheirlooks.主旨大意题16.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheEconomicChallengetoOpera B.OperaFacedwiththeDifficultiesC.OperaasPartofPopularCulture D.TheHistoricalContextofOpera5TheInternetplaysabigpartinhumanlife.Weuseitforworkandpleasure.Weuseittolearnanewlanguage.Wefindadviceonit.Weuseittoconnectwithfamilyandfriends.Weuseittostayintouchwitheventswecareabout.Thelistgoesonandon.Well,thattrainhasleftthestation.ThisexpressionmeansthereisnogoingbacktoanInternet-freelife.ButcanusingtheInternettoomuchbebadforourhealth?Itmightbe,researcherssay.AnewstudyfindsthatheavyInternetusemaybeconnectedtohighbloodpressureinanunlikelygroup:teenagers.Highbloodpressuremakesyourheartandbloodvesselsworktoohard.Overtime,thisextrapressureincreasesyourriskofaheartattack.Highbloodpressurecanalsocauseheartandkidneydisease.Itisalsocloselylinkedtoabraindisease.TheHenryFordHospitalinDetroit,Michigandidthestudy.335youngpeople,from14to17yearsold,tookpartinit.134oftheteensweredescribedas“heavyInternetusers.”Andresearchersfoundthatoutofthese134teens,26hadhighbloodpressure.Theresearcherssaythestudyisthefirsttoconnectheavywebusewithhighbloodpressure.OtherresearchhasconnectedheavyInternetusewithanxiety,depressionandobesity.TheleadresearcherisAndreaCassidyBushrow.Shesaid,“UsingtheInternetispartofourdailylife,butitshouldn’truinus.”Ms.CassidyBushrowaddsthatitisimportantforteenstotakeregularbreaksfromtheircomputersorsmartphonesanddosomekindofphysicalactivity.Shealsosuggeststhatparentslimittheirchildren’suseoftheInternettotwohoursaday,fivedaysaweek.词义猜测题17.Theexpression“thattrainhasleftthestation”inPara.2isusedtoshow________.A.theInternetdevelopsrapidly B.noonecanescapefromtheInternetC.theInternetcanprovidewhateverwewant D.WecannotgobacktoanInternet-freelife主旨大意题18.WhatisPara.3mainlyabout?A.Causesofhighbloodpressure. B.Theharmofhighbloodpressure.C.ThedisadvantagesofInternetuse. D.Waystopreventhighbloodpressure.推理判断题19.AndreaCassidyBushrowwouldagreethat________.A.teenagersshouldn’tusetheInternetB.theInternetwillruinhumanlifeinthefutureC.smartphonesaremoreharmfulthancomputersD.regularbreaksarenecessarywhenusingtheInternet主旨大意题20.Whatcanbeusedasthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HeavyInternetusersaremostlyteenagers B.HowtopreventteenagersfromtheInternetC.ToomuchInternetusemaybebadforteenagers D.Everycoinhastwosides—sodoestheInternet6Peopleborninwinteraremorelikelytosuffermentalhealthdisorders(紊乱）,accordingtoarecentstudycarriedoutbyresearchersatVanderbiltUniversityinTennessee.Researchersraisedbabymicefrombirthtoweaningineither“summer”lightcyclesof16hoursoflightand8hoursofdarkor“winter”cyclesof8hoursoflightand16hoursofdark.Athirdgroupexperienced12hoursoflightand12hoursofdarkaday.Thenhalfthewintermicestayedinawintercycle,whilehalfswitched(转变）toasummerschedule.Thesummermiceweresimilarlysplit.Themiceraisedinequalperiodsoflightanddarkweresplitintothreegroups,oneofwhichstayedonthe12­hourschedule,oneofwhichjoinedthewintergroup,andoneofwhichjoinedthesummergroup.After28days,itturnsoutthesummer­bornmicebehavedthesamewhethertheystayedonthesummercycleorswitchedtowinter.Butamongthewinter­bornmice,thosethatstayedinwinterkepttheirpreviousschedule,whilethosethatswitchedtosummerstayedactiveforanextrahourandahalf,whichindicatesthatmicebornandweanedinawinterlightcycleshoweddramaticdisruptionsintheirbiologicalclocks.Thefindingisthefirstofitskindinmammals,anditcouldexplainwhypeopleborninwinterareathigherriskformentalhealthdisorders.“Weknowthatthebiologicalclockregulatesmoodinhumans,”saidstudyresearcherMcMahon.“Ifthemechanismsimilartotheonethatwefoundinmiceoperatesinhumans,thenitcouldnotonlyhaveaneffectonanumberofbehavioraldisorders,butalsohaveamoregeneraleffectonpersonality.”主旨大意题21.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Thebiologicalclockregulatesmoodinhumans.B.Beingborninwinterhasanegativeeffectonpeople’smentalhealth.C.Peopleborninwinterareathigherriskforphysicalhealthdisorders.D.Thelengthoflightwillinfluencethebehaviorofthemice.词义猜测题22.Theunderlinedword“split”(Paragraph3)canbereplacedby________.A.divided B.protestedC.hit D.ended推理判断题23.Whoisprobablythereaderofthepassage?A.Ajob­hunter. B.Astudentintheuniversity.C.Anewly­marriedcouple. D.Anexperienceddentist.7Facebookisahabitformingactivity,butuserswhospendalotoftimeonthesitesaytheyfeellesshappywiththeirlives.ResearchersfromUniversityofGothenburgsaythatmanyusersloginassoonastheyturntheirPCsonandthatthebehaviorcandevelopintoan“addiction”.Peopleinlowincomegroupsandthepoorlyeducatedareparticularlyatrisk.Upto85%ofuserssaythattheyuseFacebookdailyandhalfsaytheystartupFacebookassoonastheyopentheirwebusers.Halffearthattheyarenot“ontopofthings”iftheyarenotloggedintothesite,and25%saytheyfeel”illatease”andanxiousiftheycan'tloginregularly.TheSwedishsurveyshowedthenetworkhaditsdarkside.“Face-bookingmaybecomeanunconscioushabit.Amajorityoftherespondents(受访者)logineverytimetheystarttheirwebbrowser(浏览器).Thismayevendevelopintoanaddiction,”saysLeifDenti,doctoralstudentofPsychologyattheUniversityofGothenburg.Peoplewithlowincomeandlow-educatedindividualsspendmoretimeonFacebook.WomenaregenerallymoreactivethanmenonFacebook.UserswithlowincomeandloweducationuseFacebookmorethanothergroups.Withinthesegroups，userswhospendmoretimeonFacebookalsoreportfeelinglesshappyandlesscontentwiththeirlives.Theothersurpriseaboutthenetworkisthatalthoughahugeamountofpersonal“news”istradedthroughthesite,ittendstofocusonthepositive.“Mostofthecontenttheysharehassomethingtodowithmajorevents,positiveeventsandwhenfeelinggood,”saysLeifDenti.主旨大意题24.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.UsingFacebookmaybecomeanaddiction.B.PositiveeventsaremorewelcomeonFacebook.C.WomenspendmoretimeonFacebookthanmen.D.SpendingmoretimeonFacebookleadstolesshappiness.词义猜测题25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase”illatease”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Pleased. B.Tired. C.Upset. D.Interested.推理判断题26.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.HalfoftheusersuseFacebookdaily.B.PeopletendtosharegoodthingsonFacebook.C.MenaremoreactivethanwomenonFacebook.D.Well-educatedpeoplespendmoretimeonFacebook.推理判断题27.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Anovel. C.Amagazine. D.Atravelguide.8Bananasareoneofthehealthiestfruitsyoucaneat,beingloadedwithprotein,fiber,vitaminsA,B6,andC,etc.Bananasaredeliciousontheirownaswell.Butwe’renotheretodaytotalkaboutthebananafruit,butratheritspeels（皮）.Generallythrownawayaswaste,bananapeelsactuallybringaboutdifferentuses.Startingoffwithatopicalbenefit,bananapeelsaregreatforrelievingthepainfulitchofbugbites.Sciencehasn’tfiguredoutwhyitworks,butyoucan’targuewithresults.Peoplewhohavetrieditreportthatitisreallyuseful.Therearelotsofexpe