常见英语语法提高

常见英语语法时态讲解一、一般现在时主要用于：、表示经常性或习惯性动作。e.g.Itseldom（几乎不）snowshere. example例如）e.g.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.3e.g.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.e.g.(Tomenterstheroomandsitsatthetable)Doctor：What'syourtrouble,youngman?Tom：I'vecaughtacold,doctor.、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。e.g.Tomorrowweshallgoforanoutingunlessitrains.与这种时态连用的时间状语常有：always,often,never,seldom,usually,once,aweek,now等。二、一般过去时主要用于：didcamewere、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性的动作或状态）didcameweree.g.

youreadthenovel?Sheoften

tohelpusinthosedays.was、谈到过去的情况时e.g.Ididn'tknowyou sobusy.was、谈到已死人的情况时e.g.Lei与这个时态连用的时间状语常有：

agreatcommunistfighter.yesterday,lastnight,theotherday,twomonthsago,in1985,then,justnow,when,after,assoonas引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始的时间。三、现在完成时主要用于：1、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况，即多次动作的总和。e.g.WehavelearntfourEnglishsongsthismonth.Howmanytimeshaveyoureadthenovel?Formanydayswehaven'tseeneachother.2e.g.Thedelegationhasleft 代表团已经走了（说明现在不在这里）Look,whatyouhavedone.看你干的事。already,yet,just,ever,never,bynow,sofar,recently,bytheendofthismonth,since,forsince引导的时间状语从句。一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：一般过去时：重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况（等。现在完成时：只提起已发生的动作（事实）及其影响，不说明动作发生时的具体情况。cf.Haveyouhadyourlunch?Whatdidyouhaveforlunch?IhaveeverbeentotheGreatWall,andIwenttherelastsummerwithmyfather.注：现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性，故下面一句是错的：Haveyouseenthesixthirty'snewsprogram? Didyouseethesixthirty'snewsprogram?e.g.I'vebeenwritinganarticle.（还在写）cf.I'vewrittenanarticle.（已写完Ithasbeenrainingthesedays.这些天一直在下雨。五、过去完成时较时才可显示出来。e.g.Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.e.g.Wheredidyourbrotherstudybeforehejoinedthearmy?、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束。e.g.Bytheendoflastmonth.WehadreviewedfourbooksByeighto'clock,hefinishedhishomework.by1985,byeighto'clock,bythen,bytheendoflastmonth,bythetimewhen,when,assoonas,before主句动作结束的时间。（六）现在进行时主要用于：e.g.Listen,someoneiscrying.Whataredoingthesedays?、代替一般现在时，表示经常性动作或状态，而含有某种感情色彩。e.g.Howareyoufeelingtoday?你今天感觉怎样？（显得亲切）Heisdoingwellinhislessons.（赞扬）Youarealwaysboasting.你老爱吹牛。（厌烦）go,come,leave,arrivee.g.TheyareleavingShanghai.与这种时态连用的时间状语常有：now,thesedays,recently,thisweek等。七、过去进行时主要用于：表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。e.g.AtthattimeshewasworkinginaPLAunit.那时她在解放军某部工作。Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?与这个时态连用的时间状语常用：atnineo'clock,thistimelastnight,thesedays,atthattime等。when引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作正在进行的时间。e.g.Whenhecamein,Iwasreadinganewspaper.注：while引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时，从句常用过去进行时。e.g.IreadamagazinewhileIwaswaitingforthebus.when这时e.g.Iwasreadinganewspaperwhenhecamein.一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：过去进行时：强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。试区别下面两句：Wewerebuildingareservoirlastwinter.去年冬天我们在修建一座水库（成）Webuiltareservoirlastwinter.去年冬天我们修建了一座水库（已经建成e.g.Tomwillhaveabikeofhisown.tonight,tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,week,inthreehours,twodayslater等。一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别：一般将来时态：主要从时间的角度表将要发生的动作或情况。begoingto结构：①表（主观上）打算或准备做某事时。②表有发生某事的预兆时。e.g.Theyaregoingtohaveacompetitionwithusinstudies.Itisgoingtorain.据以上区别，故下面一句是错的：Iamgoingtobeeighteenyearsoldnextyear.应改为：Ishallbeeighteenyearsoldnextyear.beabouttodosth”、强调时间之紧迫性。e.g.Weareabouttodiscussthisproblem.我们将马上讨论这个问题。betodosthe.g.Whenisthetraintoleave.Allthesethingsaretobeansweredfor.及物动词与不及物动词英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成及物动词与和及物动词。及物动词：字典里词后标有vt.的就是及物动词。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语see看见(vt.)宾语Icanseeaboy.不及物动词：字典里词后标有vi.作的对象（即宾语。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如to,of,at后方可跟上宾语。具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得背动词短语了，如listento,lookat…..宾语（动作的对象：是名词或代词，或相当于名词的词或短语（如动名词词不看作动作的对象呢。看”see(vt.)+Icanseeaboy.look(vi.)x宾语().Look!Sheissinging.Lookcarefully!注意：carefullylookat看…….+Lookatmecarefully!(me)连系动词连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词,或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,说明主语是什么或怎么样。一、连系动词的类型有：存在"类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调"存在"。常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(),sound(:Thestorysoundstrue.Thoseorangestaste持续"类持续:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等。例如:Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwillstayfreshforseveraldays.It'salreadyteninthemorning.Thestoreremainsclosed.What'sthematter?变化"类""后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成),turn(变成),grow(变得),go(变得)等。例如:Putthefishinthefridge,oritwillgobadinhotweather.二、注意事项:feel,taste:-Doyoulikethematerial?-Yes,itfeelsverysoft.,:Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot,youmaygetrunoverbyacar.:be,become,appear,seem,prove,remain和turn等.注意:turn后跟(表示主语身份的)名词作表语时,不加冠词。例如:Twentyyearslater,heturnedteacher.ThepopulationgrowthinChinaremainsaproblem.(todo/tobe),:appear,seem,remain,prove,look等。例如:Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremainstobewhethertheywillenjoyit.Onthelongjourney,Peterprovedtobeamostinterestingguide.Weallhadawonderfultime.终止性动词与延续性动词终止性动词指不会持续一段时间的动作,即动作在瞬间或短时间内完成。例如arrive这类动词不与一段时间连用,:begin,arrive,borrow,终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定.一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念动词。work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,等。作发生后立即结束。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。二、延续性动词的用法特征延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间twoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,how如：IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcame自从我来到这儿就学英语了。"raindateightyesterdaymorning.(误)rain为延续性动词，而ateight表示点时间动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come,begin,getbegantorainateightyesterday正)又如：-WhendidyougettoknowJack?-Twoyearsago.-Thenyou'veknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.-That'sright.三、终止性动词的用法特征Thetrainhasarrived.火车到了。Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?你加入电脑小组了吗？(。如：(1)他死了三年了。误：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.正：Hediedthreeyearsago.正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied.正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.(2)他来这儿五天了。误：Hehascomehereforfivedays.正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.正：Hecameherefivedaysago.正：Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：away,borrow→keep,buy→have,begin/start→beon,die→bedead,moveto→livein,finish→beover,join→bein/beamemberof,opensth.→keepsth.open,falli