专题 07虚拟语气讲义 高考英语语法

专题07虚拟语气讲义高中英语语法定义虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设，或难以实现的情况，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个\t"/item/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%94/_blank"条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过\t"/item/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%94/_blank"谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。不同虚拟语气形式的讲解虚拟语气用于条件状语从句条件句主语表示与现在事实相反的假设一般过去时(be动词用were)could/would+动词原形表示与过去的事实相反过去完成时could/would+havedone表示与将来的事实相反一般过去时could/would+动词原形weretodoshoulddoIfhehadtime，heshouldgowithyou.Ifhehadfollowedmyadvice，hewouldhavesucceededinpassingtheexam.Ifitweretoraintomorrow，thebasketballmatchwouldbedelayed.名词性从句中的运用在表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的名词性从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。常见的动词有：suggest，advise，propose，demand，require，insist，request，command，order等。常见的名词：suggestion，advice，propose，demand，requirement，request，command常见的结构：itis+adj+that+句子（谓语动词用should+do）Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoShanghaiiswonderful.特殊情况(1)虚拟语气在asif/asthough，evenif/eventhough等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。Hediditasifhewereanexpert.Evenifshewerehere，shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.(2)虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“Itis(high)time(that)．..”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或“should＋动词原形”，意为“(现在)该……”。It’stimethatIpickedup/shouldpickupmydaughter.课堂练习填空1.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage，otherwisewewould(visit)moreplacesofinterestyesterday.2.Don’thandlethevaseasifit(make)ofsteel.3.Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe(live)there，shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.4.Ifwe(book)atableearlier，wecouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.5.IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore，he(be)abletospeak4.itmuchbetternow.6.Sorry，Iamtoobusynow.IfI(have)time，Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.单项选择1.Ican'tfindmypurse.I___________itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.A．shouldleave B．musthaveleftC．mightleave D．couldhaveleft2.—Whereismydictionary?IrememberIputithereyesterday.—You___itinthewrongplace.A．mustput B．shouldhaveputC．mightput D．mighthaveput3.Hadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether,AIDS-relateddeaths________sincetheirhighestin2005.A．hadnotfallen B．wouldnotfallC．didnotfall D．wouldnothavefallen4.Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperience,he___________itbetter.A．needhavedone B．musthavedoneC．canhavedone D．mighthavedone课后练习1．Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe________agoodtimetogether.A．had B．willhave C．wouldhavehad D．hadhad2．Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble______theschedule.A．didIknow B．haveIknownC．doIknow D．hadIknown3．It’s

strange

that

he

_______have

taken

the

books

without

the

owner’s

permission.A．would B．shouldC．could D．might4．_______notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.A．Itwere B．WereitC．Itwas D．Wasit5．Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI_______asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.A．had B．willhaveC．wouldhavehad D．havehad6．Hadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether,AIDS-relateddeaths________sincetheirhighestin2005.A．hadnotfallen B．wouldnotfallC．didnotfall D．wouldnothavefallen7．Janewishesthatshe______foreigntradeinsteadofliteraturewhenshewasincollege.A．studied B．hadstudiedC．wouldstudy D．mighthavestudied8．Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperience,he________