Molding注塑成型介紹

NyproInjectionMolding101

注塑成型介紹InjectionMoldingIntroduction

Injectionmoldingmakespossiblemassproductionofintricate,highperformance,tighttolerancepartswithverylittlesecondarylaborandminimalwaste.(注塑機能在占次要地位的人的工作下大批量的生產復雜的,高性能的,公差小的產品,而且壞品少)

InjectionMoldingParts(注塑成型的產品)DetailedPartsIncludingRibs,Holes,andBosses(詳細的部件包括加強筋,孔和突起)InjectionMolding

Parts(注塑成型的產品)SmallPartswithTightTolerances(較小公差的小尺寸產品)InjectionMoldingParts(注塑成型的產品)LargerParts:CarFender(長的產品:汽車的擋泥板)InjectionMoldingParts(注塑成型的產品)Multi-color/Multi-materialsInjectionMolding–

Co-currentEngineeringforSuccess(注塑成型)GOODPART(好的產品)Material(原料)Tooling(工模)Processing(工藝)Design(設計)InjectionMoldingAdvantages(注塑機的優勢)

HighProductionRates(高的生產效率)LargeVolumeProductionPossible

(大地的生產能力)LowLaborCost(低的人工)EasilyAutomated(容易實行自動化操作)MinimumSecondaryOperations(少的二次加工)PermitsVerySmallParts(允許生產很小的產品)MinimalScrapLoss(很小的壞品損失)TightTolerancesCanBeMaintained(能維持很小地公差)Molded-inInsertsAvailable(工模內可以利用鑲件)Glass,Carbon,etc.FillersComplexPartCapability(有生產復雜產品的能力)GoodDecorationPossible(優良的裝鈽能力)InjectionMoldingDisadvantages

(注塑成型的缺點)ToolingCostsareHigh(高的模具費用)HighMachineryandAuxiliaryCosts(高的機器和輔助設備的費用)HighPressureProcess(高壓工藝)LimitedLargePartCapability(能生產的產品,大是有限的)InjectionMolding(注塑成型)InjectionMoldingMachines:GeneralPurposeMachines;(20T-2000T)2.SpecialPurposeMachines:(LIM,DVD,PETbottle,Metal,Mucel,Micro,etc)InjectionMolding(注塑成型)TheProcess(工藝)InjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型工藝)–the4machinestepsInjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型工藝)InjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型工藝)InjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型工藝)InjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型工藝)InjectionMoldingSteps:(注塑成型的步驟:)DryingthePellets(膠珠的烘干)LoadingIntoMoldingMachine(將膠珠裝入注塑機內)HeatingandShearingMaterialIntoaMelt(加熱和剪切原料至其塑化)InjectingtheMeltIntotheMoldCavity(將塑化的膠料射入模腔內)PartCooling,Solidification(產品冷卻,凝固)EjectingtheFinishedPartFromtheMold(將完成的產品從工模內頂出)InjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型的工藝)LoadingofpelletsthroughtheHopper(在料桶裝入膠珠)InjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型的工藝)EngineeringThermoplasticPelletsAbsorbMoistureDuringManufacturing,Transportation,andStorage.工程熱塑性膠珠在制造,運輸,儲存的過程中會吸收濕氣PelletsNotDriedMay:(不需要烘干的膠珠:)ProduceSubstandardPartsinTermsofSurfaceAppearanceandPropertyPerformance(生產的產品外觀要求在條款之下和有特殊性能的)CauseSeriesInconsistencyDuringProcessing烘干工藝會導致一系列變化的DryingthePellets(膠珠的烘干)InjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型的工藝)H2OH2OH2ODryingRemovesMoisture(烘干除濕氣)MoistureMigratesoutofPelletWhenExposedtoDryAir.(當暴露在干燥地空氣中時濕氣就會從膠珠中移除)InjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型的工藝)ModelofAmorphousPolymers(無定形聚合物的成型)AddingHeatIncreasesSpaceBetweenMolecularChains(升高溫度增大分子鏈之間的空間)RaiseTemperatureofPolymer

TGLockedEntanglements(相互糾纏)StiffFlow(流動困難)EasierFlow(流動容易)RaiseTemperatureofPolymer(提高聚合物的溫度)InjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型的工藝)HeatingandMeltingtheMaterialConversionofMechanicalEnergybyShearingthePlastic(注塑機螺杆在旋轉過程中和塑料剪切產生的能量)–80%ConductionofHeatFromtheHeaterBandsThroughtheBarrelandIntoTheResin–20%加熱圈的熱量通過桶傳入到塑料里HeaterCoilsontheScrewBarrel(在螺杆桶上的加熱圈)InjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型的工藝)InjectionFlow–FountainFlow(注塑流程)InjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型的工藝)InjectionFlow-Fountain(注塑流程)InjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型的工藝)InjectionFlow–Fountainflow(注塑流程)InjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型的工藝)InjectionFlow–FountainFlow(注塑流程)InjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型的工藝)InjectionFlow-Fountain(注塑流程)InjectionMolding

Process(注塑成型的工藝)PartCoolingandSolidification(產品的冷卻和凝固)HotMelt受熱塑化CooledMold(冷的工模)SolidPart堅實的產品InjectionMolding

Process(注塑成型的工藝)123PartEjection(產品被頂出)2platemoldexample(盤子模塑實例)Knock-outpinsejectthepartfromthemold.(頂針將產品從工模中頂出)InjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型的工藝)SimplifiedPressureHistory-InjectionMolding簡化的注塑成型壓力歷史記錄Filling Packing Cooling EjectionPressureTimeInjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型的工藝)ImportantProcessVariables

(重要的工藝變量)MeltTemperature(塑化溫度)MoldTemperature(模具溫度)TemperatureProfiles(溫度曲線圖)ResidentTime(占用時間)InjectionSpeed(注塑速度)InjectionPressure(注塑壓力)Pack/HoldPressure(保壓壓力)ClampTonnage(鎖模力)Cushion(緩沖量)InjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型的工藝)ImportantProcessVariables

(重要的工藝變量)

4KeyPlasticVariablesDeterminingthePartQuality,machineindependent:PlasticTemperature(T);PlasticFlowRate;PlasticPressureGradient(P);PlasticCoolingRateandTimeInjectionMoldingProcess(注塑成型的工藝)MoldingProcessMethodology

(注塑的工藝)

DecoupledMolding/ScientificMolding:(2stagemolding)1stStage:Speedcontrol,Fillataround95%,thentransferto2ndStage:PressureControl,Pack&Holdto100%InjectionMolding(注塑成型)TheEquipment(設備)InjectionMolding

Equipment(注塑成型的設備)InjectionUnit(注塑部分)ClampUnit(鎖模部分)ScrewBarrel(螺杆桶)InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)TheInjectionUnit(注塑部分)ProvidesInjectionandPackingPressure提供注塑壓力和保壓壓力ProvidesTorquetoTurntheScrew螺杆的旋轉提供扭矩力InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)ScrewDrivesCharacteristics(特征) Hydraulic(油機) Electrical(電機)Efficiency Low60-75% High95%(效率)低高ScrewSafety ReliefValve OverloadProtection Difficult(螺杆保險裝置)(安全)(超負載保護困難)Size Small,Light,Good Heavy,PoorerShot ShotWeightControl WeightControl(尺寸)(小量,輕便,很容易(重的,不容易控制控制射出量)射出量)Torque HighlyAdjustable VarieswithSpeed(扭矩力)(非常好調的)(隨著速度的變化而變化)Speed SteplessControl LimitedNumber(速度)控制步驟少少數MeltQuality(塑化質量) Best(很好) Acceptable(可接受)InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)HydraulicInjectionCylinders(油機的注塑料筒)InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)TheScrewBarrel(螺杆桶)MeltingandHomogenizingtheResin(塑化和攪均勻塑料)InjectionofthePlasticIntotheMold(將塑料射入工模內)InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)TheBarrelUnit(料筒部分)(PlungerMachine)活塞式注塑機HeatingCoils(加熱圈)Torpedo(魚雷梭)Plunger（活塞）PlasticPellets(膠珠)ToMoldPassingThroughHeatedChannelsAroundtheTorpedo,ThePelletsMelt膠珠在通過魚雷梭周圍的加熱通道時被塑化PelletInputStopped（膠珠停止進入)InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)ContinuouslyRotatingScrew(連續地旋轉螺杆)BarrelUnit(料筒部分)ScrewPlasticizingMachines(注塑機螺杆的塑化能力)Pellets(膠珠)Plunger(活塞）Nozzle(射嘴)InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)BarrelUnit(料筒部分)TheReciprocatingScrew(往復式螺杆)(Filling)Throat(加料口)HeatingCoils(加熱圈)Nozzle(射嘴)Hopper(料斗）Screw(螺杆)Barrel(料筒)Force,TorqueFromInjectionUnit(壓力,扭拒力來自注塑部分)InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)BarrelUnit(料筒部分)TheReciprocatingScrew(往復式螺杆)ScrewRotationFeedsandShearsMaterialIntoaMelt.MeltCollectsIntoFrontofBarrel,ForcingScrewBack(螺杆旋轉進料和剪切原料使之塑化.螺杆的向背后的壓力使得塑化的原料被集中到料筒的前端)Shot(射出量)RotationandBackPressure(旋轉和背壓)InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)BarrelUnit(料筒部分)TheReciprocatingScrew(往復式螺杆)MeltRequiredtoFillMoldReadyforInjection(塑化后的原料必須要通過注射才能填充模具)Shot(射出量)InjectionPressure(注塑壓力)InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)BarrelUnit(料筒部分)TheReciprocatingScrew(往復式螺杆)ScrewPushesForward:Inject(螺杆向前推:注射)Cushion(緩沖量)PackingPressure(保壓壓力)InjectionMolding

Equipment(注塑成型的設備)ScrewTypeMachinesAreRecommended(推荐使用螺旋式注塑機)–mostpopularUniformPlasticizing(統一塑化能力)LessPressureLoss(壓力損失少)FasterCycles(周期快的)UniformStockTemperature(均衡地儲料溫度)StreamlinedMeltFlow(改進的塑化流動)InjectionMolding

Equipment(注塑成型的設備)Metering計量段Transition轉換段Feed進料段FeedSection: Picksuppelletsandcarriesthemforward.進料段:獲得膠珠和將它們向前傳送.TransitionSection:Reducedchanneldepthwhichcompressesandshearsplastic,eliminatingairpockets,meltingpellets.轉換段:縮小分流槽的深度,剪切和壓縮塑料,消除空氣,塑化膠珠MeteringSection: FinalPlasticizingofmelt.計量段:最終的塑化量InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)MeteringFeedScrewandCylinderDesign螺杆和料筒的設計hfhmL/D=20:1CompressionRatio==2:1壓縮比Cylinderbi-metallicforAbrasionResistance料筒金屬的抗磨損性

hmhfhmTransitionLDInjectionMolding

Equipment(注塑成型的設備)ReciprocatingScrewTipAssemblies(往復式螺杆尖端的裝配)PlainTip(簡單的尖端)HighlyViscousMaterials高粘性的塑料HeatSensitiveMaterial對熱敏感的塑料RapidForwardMotionPreventsBackFlow快速的前進運動防止倒流InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)ReciprocatingScrewTipAssemblies

(往復式螺杆尖端的裝配)BallTypeNon-returnValves(球式止回闊)Open(開)ClosedforInjectionInjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)ReciprocatingScrewTipAssemblies(往復式螺杆尖端的裝配)CheckRingTypeNon-returnValve(鎖環式止回閥)MaterialFlowsPastOpenCheckRing打開鎖環塑料流過CheckRingSlidesBackToPreventBlackFlowDuringInjection鎖環滑到后面防止射膠時倒流CheckRingValvesareSuggested–mostoftenseen建議使用鎖環式止回閥InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)StandardCylinderNozzles(標準料筒射嘴)HeatingBand(加熱圈)CylinderBore(料筒端)ToMold(至模具)ProvidesMechanicalandThermalConnectionFromHotCylinderMuchColderMold(在熱的料筒和冷得多的模具之間提供機械和熱的連接)InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)TheClampingUnit(鎖模部分)OpenandClosesMold(開和關模)HoldstheMoldClosedDuringInjection(在注射過程中保持模具始終處于閉合狀態)CoolsandSolidifiesPart(冷卻和使產品凝固)InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)ClampingMechanisms(鎖模機構)SingleToggleClampingSystem(單鉸鏈鎖模系統)InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)ClampingMechanisms(鎖模機構)DoubleToggleClampingSystem(雙鉸鏈鎖模系統)InjectionMolding

Equipment(注塑成型的設備)ClampingMechanisms(鎖模機構)HydraulicClampingSystem(液壓鎖模系統)InjectionMoldingEquipment(注塑成型的設備)ClampingMechanisms(鎖模機構)HydraulicClampingSystem(液壓鎖模系統)InjectionMoldingTooling(注塑成型工模)TheMold(工模)InjectionMoldingTooling(注塑成型工模)TwoPlateDesign(兩板模設計)ExplodedView(分解圖)"B"Plate"A”PlateTopClampingPlate(鎖模頂板)EjectorHousing(頂針板支架)SupportPlate(支撐板)ElectorRetainerPlate(頂針固定板)EjectorPlate(頂針板)LeaderPin(導柱)ReturnPin(回程柱)PARTINGLINE(分模線)InjectionMoldingTooling(注塑成型工模)TwoPlateMold(兩板模)InjectionMoldingTooling(注塑成型工模)1234InjectionMoldingTooling(注塑成型工模)SupportPlate(支撐板)EjectorRetainerPlate(頂針固定板)EjectorPlate(頂針板)EjectorHousing(頂針板支架)"B"Plate"X"Plate"A"PlateTopClampingPlateThreePlateDesign(三板模的設計)PARTINGLINE(分模線)PARTINGLINE(分模線)InjectionMoldingTooling(注塑成型工模)ThreePlateDesign(三板模的設計)12345InjectionMoldingTooling(注塑成型工模)SprueBushing(注入口襯套)--唧嘴Nozzle(射嘴)Radius(半徑)Orifice(孔)InjectionMoldingTooling(注塑成型工模)SprueBushings(唧嘴)HelicalHeater(螺旋發熱絲)ThermalShut-Off(熱切斷)HeatedSprues(熱注入口)ColdSprue(泠注入口)HeaterBand(電熱圈)GasPipes(氣體小管)InjectionMoldingTooling(注塑成型工模)RunnerSystems(流道系統)Runnerscarrythemoltenresinfromthespruetothegates.(流道就是將熔化的塑料從注入口運送到澆品的通道)InjectionMoldingTooling(注塑成型工模)Gating(澆口)DirectSprue(直接注入品)Fan(扇形入澆口)Edge(刀口式入澆口)Tab(加耳入澆口)Disk(圓形入澆口)PinPoint(針式點澆口)InjectionMoldingTooling(注塑成型工模)ManifoldRecommendations(推荐使用有很多支路的流道)PassagesExternallyHeated(4Heaters)通道外加熱(4個發熱器)BoreSize.5”orLarger(內徑0.5“或更大)50Watts/in3Minimum最小50瓦/in3InjectionMoldingTooling(注塑成型工模)HotRunnerSystems(熱流道系統)CavityPlate(模板)=500Manifold(流道板)=5000BENEFITS(好處)

FasterCycles(更快的周期)-15-20%FasterEliminatesMaterialWaste(消除了塑料的浪費)-NoSpruesorRunners-沒有注入口和流道料(沒有水口料)ImprovesPartQuality(改善了產品的品質)-LessStress(較低的壓力)-BetterAppearance(較好的外觀)InjectionMoldingTooling(注塑成型工模)Venting(排氣)GatePartingLineVents(分模線排氣)AllowsTrappedAirtoEscape(允許收集的空氣排出)PreventsBurnMarks防止有燒焦的痕跡Located:(位置:)OnthePartingLine(在分模線上)AtEjectorPins(在頂針上)EndofRunners(在流道的末端)SpecialVentingPins(專門的排氣針)InjectionMoldingTooling(注塑成型工模)CamActions(抽芯裝置)Hydraulic(液壓)PlasticCorePin(鑲針)CoredHole(型芯孔)Core(型芯)HydraulicCylinder(液壓缸)CavityInjectionMolding

Tooling(注塑成型工模)CamActions(抽芯裝置)Slide(滑塊)123InjectionMoldingMaterial(注塑成型原料)MaterialConsiderations原料需要考盧的事項InjectionMolding

Material(注塑成型原料)ThermoplasticsandDegradation熱塑性材料的老化Degradation(老化)Temperature溫度Time(時間)InjectionMoldingMaterial(注塑成型原料)ThermoplasticsandShrinkage熱塑性材料的收縮Post-MoldDimensionsofPlasticPartsDifferFromMoldCavityDimensions(塑料產品的尺寸與模腔的尺寸不同)VpartVmoldlpartlmoldSl=lmold-lpartlmoldSv

=vmold-vpartvmoldorInjectionMoldingMaterial(注塑成型原料)ShrinkageandInjectionMolding收縮和注塑成型的關系SimplifiedPressureHistory-InjectionMolding簡化的注塑成型壓力歷史記錄Filling注射

Packing保壓Cooling冷卻

Ejection頂出PressureMaterial原料ABCDEInjectionMoldingMaterial(注塑成型原料)Temperature溫度SpecificVolume精確地用量TgTgAtmosphericPressure(大氣壓)ABCDERoomTemp.(室溫)PackingPressure(保壓壓力)Material’sPVTDiagram(原料的PVT圖表)Sv=vMold-vPartvMoldHighPackingPressureLowShrinkage高的保壓壓力,低的收縮Pressure,Volume,Temperature壓力,用量,溫度InjectionMoldingMaterial(注塑成型原料)ShrinkageandMaterials收縮與材料的關系Amorphous無定形TypicalShrinkage(收縮率)LEXAN®(PC) 5-7mm/mNORYL®(PPO)CYCOLAC®(ABS)Semi-crystalline(半結晶體) VALOX®(PET/PBT) 5-25Blends(結晶)XENOY®(PBT/PC) 5-10NORYL®GTX(PPO/Nylon)CYCOLOY®(PC/ABS)InjectionMoldingMaterial(注塑成型原料)

ThermoplasticsandViscosity熱塑性材料的粘性

Viscosity=Material’sResistancetoFlow粘性=塑料的粘性阻抗塑料的流動LowerViscosity=EasierFlow低粘性=易流動LowViscosity=HighMeltFlowRate(MFR)低粘性=高塑化流動率Warning:MFRandViscosityareValidOnlyataSingleCondition注意:當僅僅考盧單個因素時塑化流動率和粘性才有效性InjectionMoldingMaterial(注塑成型原料)100010010XXXXXXXXXXX+++++++++++X+CYCOLACDSK 473FCYCOLACDSK 440FCYCOLACDSK 419F100 1000 10000

ThermoplasticsandViscosity

熱塑性材料與粘性Non-NewtonianBehaviorAppViscosityPa-secShearRate(sec-1)(剪切率)InjectionMoldingMaterial(注塑成型原料)AmorphousMaterials無定形材料AllMaterialsareAmorphousatInjection(所有的無定形材料都可以用于注塑成型)LowerTensile,HigherImpactStrength(低的可拉長性能,高的抗撞擊力)LowerShrinkage(低的收縮率)RaiseTemperatureofPolymer(提高聚合物的溫度)TGProcessingTemperatureRange(加工的溫度范圍)Degradation(老化)InjectionMoldingMaterial(注塑成型原料)InjectionMoldingMaterial(注塑成型原料)Semi-CrystallineMaterials(半結晶體材料)AllMaterialsareSemi-CrystallineatInjection(所有的半結晶體材料都可以用于注塑成型)HigherTensile,LowerImpactStrength(低的可拉長性能,高的抗撞擊力)HigherShrinkage(低的收縮率)RegulatingCrystallinity:MoldTemperature,CycleTime,InjectionandHoldingTemperature,CoolingMethodAfterRemovalFromMold控制結晶度:模具溫度,周期時間,注塑和保壓溫度,從模具內取出后的冷卻方法.RaiseTemperatureofPolymer(提高聚合物的溫度)InjectionMoldingMaterial(注塑成型原料)Degradation(老化)TMTGProcessingTemperatureRange(加工的溫度范圍)InjectionMoldingDesignMoldability

注塑成型的模具能力設計DesignConsiderations設計上需要考盧的事項InjectionMoldingDesignMoldability

注塑成型的模具能力設計UnevenShrinkageDefects不均勻收縮的缺陷Voids(空心)AlreadyCooledSurfaceWillNotYieldtoShrinkingInterior(產品的表面已冷卻但里面還在收縮)SinkMarks(凹陷)SurfaceYieldstotheStillShrinkingInteriorMass(產品的表面向內部大量的收縮)InjectionMoldingDesignMoldability

注塑成型的模具能力設計WarpageDuetoUnevenThickness因為不均勻地厚度引起的變形Alternatives(可選擇的方法)InjectionMoldingDesignMoldability

注塑成型的模具能力設計SprueRunnerGate123xxxPartUnevenPressure(不均勻地壓力)FlowPressureTime321InjectionMoldingDesignMoldability

注塑成型的模具能力設計WarpageDuetoUnevenPressure因不均勻地壓力引起的變形Gate澆口HighPressureLowShrinkage產品的中心壓力高,收縮小LowPressureHighShrinkage產品的周邊,壓力低,收縮大WarpedResult(結果變形)InjectionMoldingDesignMoldability

注塑成型的模具能力設計WallDesign(壁的設計)CoreThickSections(型芯厚度的截面)GradualTransitions(逐漸過渡)InjectionMoldingDesignMoldability

注塑成型的模具能力設計ReinforcementThickness(加強筋的厚度)RibThicknessShouldbeLessthantheWallThickness(加強筋的厚度要比小壁厚)ExcessiveRibThicknessMayCauseSinkMarksandVoids(過大的加強筋可能引起凹陷痕跡和空心)InjectionMoldingDesignMoldability

注塑成型的模具能力設計CornerDesign(拐角的設計)SharpCornersConcentrateStresses(尖的拐角會引起應力集中)ARoundedOutsideCorner/SharpInsideCornerCreatesUnevenShrinkage:Warpage(外面為內圓角和里面為尖角就會造成收縮不均勻:變形)ARoundedInsideCorner/SharpOutsideCornerCreatesUnevenShrinkage:SinkMarksandVoids(里面為內圓角和外面為尖角就會造成收縮不均勻:凹陷痕跡和空心)InjectionMoldingDesignMoldability

注塑成型的模具能力設計Holes(洞)NotRecommendedPoorFlow!不推荐使用,流動性不好!Gate-MeltEntryPoint澆口--塑化進入點InjectionMoldingDesignMoldability

注塑成型的模具能力設計Gate-MeltEntryPoint澆口--塑化進入點RecommendedBetterFlow推荐采用--有好的流動性HolesInjectionMoldingDesignMoldability

注塑成型的模具能力設計NoDraftAngle(沒有脫模斜度)DifficultEjection(頂出困難)EasierEjection(頂出容易)EjectingthePart(頂出產品)Generousdraftangleswillfacilitatepartejection.(大的脫模斜度使產品地頂出變得容易)InjectionMoldingDesignMoldability

注塑成型的模具能力設計DraftAngle(脫模斜度)TexturedSidewall(蝕紋地側牆)

Additional1DegreePer0.001inchesinDepthofTexture當側牆有饋紋時深度每增加0.001英寸脫模度要增加1度.InjectionMoldingsummarywords(注塑成型結束语)TenDo’sforMoldingEngineeringResins注塑工程的樹酯時要做的十點KnowYourMaterial(熟悉你的原料)DryProperly(適當地干燥)UseRecommendedProcessingConditions(使用推荐的注塑參數表)UseProperlySizedEquipment(使用適當大小的設備)UseProperlyDesignedTooling(使用設計適當的模具)UseAdequateRunners(使用適當的流道)U