中考一轮复习语法必考点精讲精练-非谓语动词

中考一轮复习语法必考点非谓语动词精讲一．动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成动词不定式的构成形式为：to+动词原形，to为不定式符号，本身无实义，有时可省略，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能做谓语，但可做主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾补和状语（初中阶段要求掌握动词不定式做宾语、宾补和目的状语）。2.动词不定式的用法1）做主语：2）做表语：Toprotectnatureistohelpourselves,orwewillbepunished.保护自然就是帮助我们自己，否则我们将受到惩罚。3）做定语：Wastesortingisawonderfulwaytomakegooduseofenergyandprotecttheenvironment.垃圾分类是种很好的利用能源和保护环境的方法。4）做宾语：谓语动词＋to+动词原形IwantedtoseetheBeijingOpera,soLinglingofferedtotakemetowatchanopera.我想看京剧，所以玲玲主动提出带我去看一场京剧。5）做宾补：谓语动词＋sb.+(not)to+动词原形OurEnglishteacherwantsustoreadEnglishstoriesoutofclass.我们英语老师想让我们课后读英语故事。6）做状语：Manypeoplearegladtogivetheiropinions.许多人乐于发表自己的意见。【表原因】Thegovenmentissettingupnatureparkstohelpprotectpandas.政府正在建立自然公园以帮助保护大熊猫。【表目的】拓展：后可接动词不定式做宾语的常考动词：两个要求（demand/ask)两答应（agree/promise),三个希望（hope/wish/expect)莫拒绝（refuse),不要假装（pretend)在安排（arrange),做出选择（choose)和决定（decide),学会（learn)计划（plan)没负担（afford),想要（want)设法（manage)都供应（offer),千万不要怕失败（fail)后可接动词不定式做宾补的常考动词：建议（advise)鼓励（encourage)命令（order)允许（allow)警告（warn)教（teach)要求（ask)告诉（tell)邀请（invite)后接动词不定式做宾补时可省略to的动词:一感（feel)、二听（hear/listento)、三让（let/have/make)、四看（sce/look/watch/observe)、半帮助（help）英语中，动词不定式（短语）做主语／宾语时，常用it做形式主语／宾语，而将动词不定式（短语）后置，做真正的主语／宾语。如：①It'sourdutytokeepourcitycleanandbeautiful.保持城市清洁和美丽是我们的责任。【It做形式主语，动词不定式短语做真正的主语】②Forexample,makeitahabittoreadduringbreakfastandlunch.例如，养成在早餐和午餐时间阅读的习惯。【it做形式宾语，动词不定式做真正的宾语】and、or、except、but或than等连接两个并列的动词不定式时，第二个不定式常省略to.如：Shewantedtobeanurseandhelppeople.她想成为一名护士，帮助人们。二．动名词1.动名词的构成：动名词的构成形式为：动词原形＋ing,其否定式是在动名词之前加否定词not.动名词除具有动词性质外，还具有名词性质。动名词的用法:(1)做主语:LearningEnglishwellisveryimportant.学好英语是非常重要的。(2)做表语：Helpingothersishelpingyourself.帮助别人就是帮助你自己。(3)做宾语：Ienjoytalkingwithmyclassmatesonmywaytoschool.我喜欢在上学的路上和同学交谈。(4)做定语：Abeautifulswimmingpoolliesbehindthegrassland.草地后面有一个美丽的游泳池。拓展：后可接动名词做宾语的常考动词：喜欢（enjoy)想象（imagine),坚持（keep)完成（finish)练习（practice),考虑（consider)建议（advise/suggest)和介意（mind),避免（avoid)冒险（risk)英语中，动词不能做主语，但动名词（短语）和动词不定式（短语）可以，其区别在于：动名词（短语）做主语多用于广泛意义的行为，而动词不定式（短语）多用于具体的行为，通常，动名词（短语）或动词不定式（短语）做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；而并列的动名词（短语）或动词不定式（短语）做主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式分词1分词的构成：分词主要包括两种：现在分词和过去分词，现在分词的构成形式为：动词原形＋ing,有“主动、进行”之意：过去分词的构成形式为：动词原形＋ed,有“被动、完成”之意。2.分词的用法：（1)做定语：Who'stheboyinwhiteT-shirtstandingunderthetree?站在树下的那个穿白色T恤的男孩是谁？Toprotectelephants,wemustsavethetreesandnotbuythingsmadeofivory.为保护大象，我们必须拯救树木，而且绝不买象牙制品。(2)做状语:“Greenhouse”gaskeepsheat,causingourplanettowarmup.“温室”气体会保存热量，使我们的地球变暖。Comparedwithhishouse,mineislargerandcheaper.与他的房子相比，我的房子更大而且更便宜。(3)做表语:Footballissoexcitingthatmillionsofpeopleintheworldplayit.足球如此令人兴奋，以至于世界上有数百万人踢足球。Everyonewasexcitedwhentheyheardtheexcitingnews.当听到这个激动人心的消息时，每个人都很兴奋。(4)做宾补:IfoundaletterlyingonthefloorwhenIcameintotheclassroom.当我走进教室时，我发现地板上有一封信。HewantstohavehisTVrepaired.他想找人把电视修好。3.动词不定式与分词做宾补的区别不定式宾语与宾补在逻辑上是主动关系强调动作的整个过程或即将开始seesb.dosth.看见某人做了某事asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事现在分词强调动作正在进行have/keepsb./sth.doingsth.让某人／物一直做某事过去分词宾语与宾补在逻辑上是被动关系强调动作已经完成havesth.done让某事被别人做4.动名词与现在分词的区别用法动名词现在分词做定语表示被修饰词的用途、目的，置于所修饰词之前，不存在逻辑上的主谓／动宾关系表示正在进行或主动的动作，被修饰词是其逻辑主语，可转化为定语从句Takemorethanenoughwater,food,andsleepingbags.带上充足的水，食物和睡袋。【动名词】AliceLeeisahighschoolstudentstudyingataprivateschool.=AliceLeeisahighschoolstudentwhoisstudyingataprivateschool爱丽丝·李是一名高中生，她在一所私立学校上学。【现在分词】做表语相当于名词，主语和表语可互换位置相当于形容词，主语和表语不可互换位置Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsismyhobby.我的爱好是集邮。【动名词】Ithinkthecoursesareveryinteresting.我认为这些课程很有趣。【现在分词】提问方式用what提问用how提问，答语可用so/very/too等副词修饰-Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?两位说话者在谈论什么？－Visitingamuseum.参观博物馆。【动名词】-HowwasSam'sschooltrip?山姆的学校之旅如何？－Interesting.有趣的。【现在分词】拓展：有冠词、物主代词、指示代词、’s/s’所有格、some/much/alot等修饰的“动词原形＋ing”必是动名词。如：Theliuleboyfinishedhispaintingallbyhimself.这个小男孩独自完成了他的绘画。（2）祈使句中的“动词原形＋ing”必是动名词。如：Nosmoking.禁止吸烟。（3）介词（短语）后的“动词原形＋ing”必是动名词。如：Insteadoflettingpeopleguess,tellthemthetruth.告诉人们真相，而不是让他们猜测。（4）可构成复合形容词的“动词原形＋ing”必是现在分词。如：Luisahard-workinggirlandalwayscomestopatschool.陆是一个勤奋的女孩，在学校总是名列前茅。四．非谓语动词的常考固定搭配1.动词不定式的常考固定搭配1)疑问词＋todo2)tryone'sbesttodosth.尽某人最大努力做某事3)besupposedtodosth.应该做某事4)too+形容词／副词＋todosth.太·······而不能做某事5)形容词／副词＋enoughtodosth.足够....做某事6)wouldliketodosth.想要做某事（简略形式为’dlike)7)Wouldyouliketodosth.?你想做某事吗？8)hadbetter(not)dosth.最好（不）做某事（简略形式为’dbetter)9)letsb.(not)dosth.让某人（不要）做某事10)Whynotdosth.?为什么不做某事呢？11)wouldratherdosth.(thandosth.)宁愿做某事（而不做某事）拓展：“疑问词＋todo”做宾语常可转化为宾语从句，如：Suzydidn'tknowwhentotakeaboattriponthelake.=Suzydidn'tknowwhenshewouldtakeaboattriponthelake.苏西不知道什么时候去乘船游湖。（2）省略to的不定式结构8)~11)为省略to的不定式结构，而7)~10)为提建议的句型，除考查动词不定式外，还会涉及答语的考查。常用的肯定回答：OK!/Allright!/Goodidea/Soundsgreat./I'dliketo...常用的否定回答：Sorry,I../I'mafraidnot./I'dliketo,but...2.动名词的常考固定搭配feellikedoingsth.想要做某事succeedindoingsth.成功做成某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望做某事giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事putoffdoingsth.推迟做某事can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事have(no)fun/trouble/difficulty+(in)doingsth.做某事（没）有乐趣／麻烦／困难How/Whatabout+doingsth.?做某事怎么样？stop/keep/preventsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事keepondoingsth.继续做某事makeacontribution/contributionstodoingsth.为做某事做出贡献payattentiontodoingsth.注意做某事thanksb.fordoingsth.为·····感谢某人3.分词的常考固定搭配现在分词：see/watchsb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事noticesb.doingsth.注意到某人正在做某事hearsb.doingsth.听到某人正在做某事keep/getsb.doingsth.使某人一直做某事过去分词：see/watchsth.done看到某事被（某人）做noticesth.done注意到某事被（某人）做have/keep/getsth.done.让某事被（某人）做4.动词后接不定式与动名词的区别forgettodosth.忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事remembertodosth.记得去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事regrettodosth.对将来要做的事感到遗憾regretdoingsth.对已发生的事感到后悔stoptodosth.停止现在做的事，去做别的事stopdoingsth.停止现在正在做的事continuetodosth.做完一件事后，继续做别的事continuedoingsth.做一件事中断后，再继续做这件事trytodosth.设法做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事needtodosth.需要去做某事needdoingsth.某事需要做拓展：既可接不定式也可接动名词的常考动词：爱（like/love/prefer)憎（hate)分明再开始（begin/start),停止（stop)后悔（regret)莫忘记（forget),继续（continue)努力（try)有打算（mean),需要（need)谨记（remember)这些词精练一．完成句子1.我想邀请他参加我们的俱乐部。Iwant______________tojoinourclub.2.Myparentsoftentellmenot_______________（eat)toomuchjunkfoodbecauseit'sbadformyhealth.3.TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit.(同义句转换）Theboxis________heavyforme________carry.4.我们应该思考怎么把中国文化介绍给全世界。Weshouldthinkabout__________introduceChineseculturetotheworld.5.Don'tpourthe_________（pollute)watereverywhereoryou'llbepunished.二．单项选择1.It'snecessaryforyou_______theclassroomclean,class.A.keepB.keepingC.tokeep2.Whenyoumovesomewherenew,thefirstthingforyouistofindaplace_______A.toliveB.livinginC.tolivein3.Ican'ttellyouwhatshesaid.I'vepromised________itasecret.A.keepB.tokeepC.keepingD.kept4.LeonardoDiCaprio,afamousAmericanactor,wasalwaysexpecting______anOscarandfinallyhemadeit.A.towinB.winningC.nottowinD.notwinning5.Shesaidshehoped______herdaughter.A.toseeB.youtoseeC.seeing6.-Whatareyougoingtodowhenyougrowup?－Asinger,butmyparentswishme_______ateacher.amB.tobeC.willbeD.be7.Weonlyplanned_______theplayforanhour,butintheend,westayedforthreehours.A.watchB.watchesC.towatchD.watched8.-Somechildrencan'tafford_______necessarystationery.－Let'sdonateourpocketmoneytothem.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.bebought9.Thelittleboypretended______whenhismothercamein.A.sleepingB.asleepC.toasleepD.tobeasleep10.-Doyouhaveanyplansforthecomingvacations?－Sure.Wedecide_______SanshainJuly.A.visitB.visitingC.visitedD.tovisit11.Vivianrefuses______herchildrentotheweekendtrainingcentreforextraclasses.A.tosendB.sendingC.sentD.sends12.Attimes,parentsfinditdifficult_____withtheirteenagechildren.A.talkB.talkedC.talkingD.totalk13.-You'dbetteradvisehim______anythingoutofthewindowwhiledriving.－Iwill.Hehastoknowit'sdangerous.A.notthrowingB.nothrowingC.nottothrowD.don'tthrow14.Ourcountryencouragesmorestudents______football.Nowmanyfootballclubshavebeensetupinschools.A.playB.playingC.toplayD.willplay15.Theheadmasterwarnsus_______theschoolrules,orwe'llbepunished.A.tobreakB.nottobreakC.breakingD.don'tbreak16.Formorethanonce,ourheadteacherasksus______thehabitofkeepingadiary.A.developB.developsC.developingD.todevelop17.Ourteacheroftentellsus_______time.A.notwasteB.don'twasteC.nottowasteD.doesn'twaste18.ThebossaskedTimtogoand______outiftherewasanyoneelseabsent.A.findB.findingC.tofindD.found19.Myfriendinvitedme______theartclub,andIaccepteditwithpleasure.A.joinB.tojoinC.joinedD.joining20.IsawTom______hiskeyinthelock,turnitandopenthedoor.A.putB.puttingC.putsD.toput21.Paulmadeanicecage______thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep22.MomdoesallthehouseworksothatSarahcantakethetime_____herwordsonpaper.A.putB.puttingC.toputD.puts23.-We'regoingtoseeamovie.Wouldyouliketojoinus?－Sorry,Ihavetoomuchhomework_______.willdoB.needdoC.doD.todo24.Sleepingisapopularway________amongstudents.A.relaxB.relaxedC.relaxingD.torelax25.-IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?－Ihaven'tdecidedwhere_______.goB.wentC.goingD.togoStudentsshouldlearnhow______problems.solveB.solvingC.cansolveD.tosolve-______gooutforapicnicnextSaturday.－Goodidea.WhynotB.HowaboutC.WouldyoulikeD.Let's28.-Wouldyoulike______campingwithme?－I'dliketo.ButI'mbusy_______myhomework.togo;todoB.togo;doingC.going;todoD.going;doing29.Youlooktootired.Whynot_______arest?A.stoptohaveB.tostophavingC.stophaving30.-Bob,I'mnotgoodatEnglish.WhatshouldIdo?－Whynot______anEnglishclubtopractice_______English?tojoining;speakingB.join;tospeakC.tojoin;tospeakD.join;speaking31.-Areyougoingswimmingthisafternoon?－I'drather______withyou.A.togoshoppingB.goshopingC.togoshopingD.goshopping32.Theresearchhedevoteshimself______thefarmershaveabetterharvestisveryimportant.A.helpingB.tohelpC.helpD.helped33.-Wouldyoumind______inthedininghall?--Ofcoursenot.nottosmokeB.notsmokingC.smokeD.notsmoke34.-It'stoohot.Wouldyoumindmy_______thewindow?--__________.Doitasyoulike,please.A.toopen;OKB.opening;CertainlynotC.opening;OfcourseD.open;Goodidea35.Theretiredcoupleenjoy______photos.Theyalwaysgooutwiththeircameras.A.takeB.tookC.totakeD.taking36.-Ilikethedress,butI'm______Ihaven'tgotenoughmoney.－Don'tworry.Idon'tmind_＿yousomeifyoulike.afraid;lendingB.glad;lendingC.afraid;tolendD.glad;tolend37._______honestisthefirstthingpeopleshouldlearn.A.BeingB.LookC.BeD.Become38.Wefeellike______somefoodanddrinkbecausewe'llinvitesomefriends______inaparty.A.buying;tojoinB.tobuy;joiningC.buying;join39.-I'mlookingforwardto_______myparentssoon.Whataboutyou?－Metoo.SeeingB.seeC.saw40.Lastweekend,theGreenshadgreatfun______atWaterWorld.A.swimmingB.cookingC.hiking41.Tinaisbusy______atschool,butsheneverforgets______hermothereveryday.A.work;tocallB.working;tocallC.working;calling42.-WhatcouldIgetmyfatherforFather'sDay?--_________gettinghimatie?A.Whynot