2013年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案详解

2013201312阅读理解真题及答案（全套）——幸福就好我亦安201312（一）【阅读】SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintakeareinfluencedbyaoffactorsbesidesourbiologicalneedenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperceptionofthefoodinofus.Studieshaveshown,forinstance,thateatinginfrontoftheTV(orasimilardistraction)canincreasebothhungerandtheamountoffoodconsumed.Evensimplevisualcues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectportionsizeandconsumption.Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-termmemoryalsomayplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,people'shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthedeatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey'dseeninfrontofwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.

inotherThisdisparity）suggeststhememoryofourpreviousmealmayhaveainfluenceonourappetitethantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM.Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol."Hungerisn'tcontrolledsolelybythephysicalcharacteristicsofarecentWehaveidentifiedanindependentroleformemoryforthatmeal，"Brunstromsays."Thisshowsthattherelationshipbetweenhungerandfoodintakeismorecomplexthanwethought."Thesefindingsechoearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodsometimestrickourbodsresponsetothefooditself.Ina2011study,forinstance,peoplewhodrankthesame3S0-calorie）milkshakeontwoseparateoccasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhunger-relatedhormones（荷尔蒙dependingonwhethertheshake’slabelsaiditcontained620or140calories.Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeelingmorefullwhentheythoughtthey'dconsumedahigher-calorieshake.Whatdoesthismeanforoureatinghabits?Althoughithardlyseemspracticaltotrickourselvesintoeatingless,thenewfindingsdohighlightthebenefitsoffocusingonourfoodandavoidingTVandmultitaskingwhileeating.Theso-calledmindful-eatingstrategiescanfightdistractionsandhelpuscontrolourappetite,Brunstromsays.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Whatissaidtobeafactoraffectingourappetiteandfoodintake?Howweperceivethefoodweeat.C)Whenweeatourmeals.Whatingredientsthefoodcontains.D)Howfastweeatourmeals.Whatwouldhappenatmealtimeifyourememberedeatingalotinthepreviousmeal?Youwouldprobablybemorepickyaboutfood.Youwouldnotfeellikeeatingthesamefood.Youwouldhaveagoodappetite.Youwouldnotfeelsohungry.Whatdowelearnfromthe2011study?Foodlabelsmaymisleadconsumersintheirpurchases.Foodlabelsmayinfluenceourresponsetofood.Hungerlevelsdependonone'sconsumptionofcalories.Peopletendtotakeinalotmorecaloriesthannecessary.WhatdoesBrunstromsuggestwedotocontrolourappetite?Trickourselvesintoeatingless.C)Concentrateonfoodwhileeating.Choosefoodwithfewercalories.D)Pickdishesoftherightsize.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Eatingdistractionsoftenaffectourfooddigestion.Psychologicalfactorsinfluenceourhungerlevels.Ourfoodintakeisdeterminedbyourbiologicalneeds.Goodeatinghabitswillcontributetoourhealth.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asasocietywemightwanttorethinkthetimeandmoneyspentoneducation,sothattheseresourcescanbenefitagreaterpercentageofthepopulation.Ideally,bothhighschoolsandcollegescanprepareindividualsfortheever-changingrolesthatarelikelytobeexpectedofthem.Highschooldegreesofferfarlessinthewayofpreparationforworkthantheymight,orthanmanyothernationscurrentlyoffer,creatingagrowingskillsinoureconomy.Weencouragestudentstogoontocollegewhethertheyarepreparedornot,orhaveaclearsenseofpurposeorinterest,andnowhavethehighestcollegedropoutrateintheworld.Wemightlooktoothercountriesformodelsofhowhighschoolscanofferbettertraining,aswellasthedevelopmentofaworkethictheintellectualskillsneededforcontinuedlearninganddevelopment.IrecommendHarvard's2011"PathwaystoProsperity"reportformoreattentiontothe"forgottenhalf"(thosewhodonotgoontocollege)andideasabouthowtoaddressthisissue.Simultaneously,theliberalartsbecomemoreimportantthanever.Inaknowledgeeconomywhereprofessionalroleschangerapidlyandmanycollegestudentsarepreparingforpositionsthatmaynotevenexistyet,theskillsetneededisthatpreparesthemforchangeandcontinuedlearning.Learningtoexpressideaswellinbothspeech,knowinghowtofindinformation,andknowinghowtodoresearchareall-solidbackgroundskillsforwidevarietyofroles,andsuchtrainingismoreimportantthananyparticularmajorinaliberalartscollege.Weneedtocontinuetovaluebroadpreparationinthinkingskillsihatwillserveforalifetime.Studentsalsoneedtolearntoworkindependentlyandtomakeresponsibledecisions.Thelengtheningpathtoadulthoodappearsexacerbated）byparentalinvolvementinthecollegeyears.Giventherisinginvestmentincollegeeducation,parentalconcernisnotsurprising,butlearningwhereandwhentointervene预）willhelpstudentstakemoreownershipoftheoutcomesoftheseincreasinglycostlyeducations.注意：此部分试越请在答题卡2上作答。Whatkindofeducationdoestheauthorthinkisideal?Itbenefitsthegreatmajorityofthegeneralpopulation.Itpreparesstudentstomeetthefutureneedsofsociety.Itencouragesstudentstolearnthroughouttheirlives.Itensuresthatstudents'expectationsaresuccessfullyfulfilled.Whatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithpresenthighschooleducation?Ignoringtheneedsofthosewhodon'tgotocollege.Teachingskillstobeusedrightaftergraduationonly.Givinglittleattentiontothosehavingdifficultylearning.Creatingthehighestdropoutrateinthedevelopedworld.Whatcharacterizesaknowledgeeconomyaccordingtothepassage?Peoplehavetoreceivehighereducationtoqualifyforaprofessionalposition.Studentsmajoringinliberalartsusuallyhavedifficultysecuringajob.Newpositionsareconstantlycreatedthatrequirepeopletokeeplearning.Collegesfindithardtoteachstudentshowtocopewiththechangingeconomy.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaliberalartscollegeshouldfocuson?Solidbackgroundknowledgeinaparticularfield.Practicalskillsurgentlyneededincurrentsociety.Basicskillsneededforchangeandlifelonglearning.Usefulthinkingskillsforadvancedacademicresearch.Whatsuggestiondocstheauthoroffertoparents?Rethinkingthevalueofhighereducation.Investingwiselyintheirchildren'seducation.Helpingtheirchildrenlobringtheirtalentintofullplay.Avoidingtoomuchinterventionintheireducation.【答案解析】SectionCPassage参考译文(56)(60影响。(60)新的研究显示人们的短期记忆同样对食欲起作用。(57)饭后几小时,决定人们饥饿程度的不是他们已食用的食物量,而是他们吃饭时面前所见到的食物量,换言之,是他们所记得的食物量。布里斯托大学实验心理学教授JeffreyM.Brunstrom认为:这种差异表明人们之前的饮食记忆对食欲造成的影响可能超过食物的真实数量对食欲造成的影响。立作用Brunstrom(60582011380620140但是确实能使人们认识到专注于食物、避免饮食时看电视或同时进行多项活动的益处。(59)Brunstrom说,所谓的"用心饮食"策略能够对抗干扰,帮助人们控制食欲。【定位】由题干中的appetitefoodintakeA)A)。【定位】由题干中的rememberedpreviousmeal定位到第三段第二句。D)。2011study【精析】细节归纳题。定位句详细描述了2011在两个不同场合食用了相同卡路里的奶昔620140卡路里,结果显示,根据标注的中路里含量,参与者分泌了不同水平的与饥饿相关的荷尔蒙620卡路里的奶昔时,他们感觉更饱。实际上两份奶昔的卡路里含量案为B)。【定位】由题干中的controlourappetite章最后一句。控制食欲。也就是BrunstromC)。【定位】由题干中的mainideaB)。Passagetwo参考译文(62)因而造成了经济中不新扩大的技能差距工作的美德及继续学习和发展所需的心智技能。我向大家推荐哈佛大学2011(63习的技能组合。(64)是为适应各种不同角色所应具备的扎实的背景技术业都重要。我们需要继续重视并广泛培养将会終生受益的思维技能。为奇，(65)但是学会如何地进行干预将会有助于学生享受这些日益昂责的教育所带来的成果。答案详解【定位】由题干中的idealB)【精析】语义理解题。定位句指出:理想上,高中和大学都应该能培养学生适应未来角色的变化。此句表明在未来社会中，人们的角色会不断发生变化,理想的教育就是能培养适应这种变化的人才，也就是说,理想的教育可以满足未来社会的需求，故答案为B)。【定位】由题干中的problem,highschool界上最高的大学綴学率,故答案为D)。【定位】由题干中的knowledgeeconomyC)C)。【定位】由题干中的liberalartscollegeC)。【定位】由题干中的suggestionparents【精析】细节归纳题。最后一段提到由于家长在大学阶段的参与，通向成年的漫长道路看起来好像更长了",这句话我们可以理解为家长在大学阶段过多参与孩子的教育会影D)。201312)Part3SectionC【阅读理解】SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Arecentglobalsurveyof2000high-net-worthindividualsfoundthat60%werenotplanningonatraditionalretirement.AmongUSparticipants,75%expectedcontinueworkinginsomecapacityevenaftersteppingawayfromfull-timejobs."Manyofthesepeoplemadetheirwealthbydoingsomethingthey'repassionatesaysDanielEgan,headofbehavioralfinanceforBarclaysWealthAmericas."Giventhechoice,theyprefertocontinueworking."Barclayscallsthesepeople“nevertirees”.UnlikemanyAmericanscompelledintoearlyretirementbycompanyrestrictions,theaveragenevertireeoftenhasnooneforcinghishand.If106-year-oldinvestorIrvingKahn,headofhisownfamilyfirm,wantstokeepcomingtoworkeverywho'sgoingtostophim?Seventy-eight-year-oldSupremeCourtJusticeRuthBaderGinsburg’sjobsecurityisguaranteedintheConstitution.Itmayseemthattheseelderlypeoplearetryingtocheatdeath.Infact,are.Andworking.HowardFriedman,aprofessoratUCRiverside,foundinhisresearchthatthosewhoworkhardestandaresuccessfulintheircareersoftenlivethelongestlives."Peoplearegenerallybeinggivenbadadvicetotakeiteasy,stopworrying,andretiretoFlorida，"hesays.Hedescribedonestudyparticipant,stillworkingattheageof100,whowasrecentlydisappointedhissonretire.

"We'rebeginningtoseeachangeinhowpeopleviewretiremet"saysGeorgeLeeson,co-directoroftheInstituteofPopulationAgeingatOxford.Whereonceretirementwasseenasabriefrewardafteralongsomemiserablejob,itisnowakin）tobeingcastaside.WhatLeesonterms"theWarrenBuffetteffect"isbecomingmorebroadlyappealingasindividualscometo"viewretirementasnotsimplybeinglinkedtoeconomicproductivitybutalsoaboutcontribution."Observersaresplitonwhetherthisisawhollygoodthing.Ontheonecompaniesandfinancialfirmscanbenefitfromthewisdomofa）chief.Ontheother,thenewgenerationcanfinditmoredifficulttoanargumentthattypicallyholdslittleswaytoanevertiree.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Whatdowelearnabouttheso-called“nevertirees”？Theyarepassionateaboutmakingafortune.Theyhavenochoicebuttocontinueworking.Theylovewhattheydoandchoosenottoretire.Theywillnotretireunlesstheyarecompelledto.WhatdoIrvingKahnandRuthBaderGinsburghaveincommon?Neitherofthemissubjecttoforcedretirement.Neitherofthemdesiresrewardfortheirwork.Bothclingtotheirpositionsdespiteopposition.Botharecapableofcopingwithheavyworkloads.WhatisthefindingofHowardresearch?Theharderyouwork,thebiggeryourfortunewillbe.Theearlieryouretire,thehealthieryouwillbe.Elderlypeoplehavetoslowdowntolivelonger.Workingatanadvancedagelengthenslife.Whatisthetraditionalviewofretirementaccordingtothepassage?Itmeansaburdentotheyoungergeneration.Itisasymbolofamatureandcivilizedsociety.Itisacompensationforone'slife-longhardwork.Ithelpsincreaseaeconomicproductivity.Whatdocriticssayabout"nevertirees"?Theyareanobstacletoadevelopment.Theylackthecreativityoftheyoungergeneration.Theycannotworkasefficientlyastheyusedto.TheypreventyoungpeoplefromgettingPassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhenwetalkaboutAmericansbarelyintoadulthoodwhoaresaddledwithunbearablelevelsofdebt*theconversationisalmostalwaysaboutstudentloandebt.Butther’sagrowingbodyofevidencesuggestingthattodysyoungadultsalsodrowningincredit-carddebt-andthatmanyofthemwilltakethisdebttotheirgraves.Morethan20%overspenttheirincomebymorethan$100everysinglemonth.theyhaven’tbuiltuptheircredithistoriesyet,it'sasafebetthattheseadultsarepayingrelativelyhighinterestratesontheresultingcreditcarddebt.Althoughmanyyoungpeopleblame"socializing"asabarriertosavingmoney,mostofthemknockingback$20drinksintrendy）lounges.restrugglingwithmuchmoredailyfinancialdemands.Toadisturbinglylargeextent,theyoungandthebrokearerelyingoncreditcardstomakeituntitheirnextpayday.Thisobviouslyintsustainableinthelongrun,andit’sgoingtoputahugedragontheirspendingpowerevenaftertheyreachtheirpeakearningyears,becausethyllstillbepayinginterestonthatbottleoforangejuiceorboxofspaghettiboughtadecadeearlier.AnewstudyoutofOhioStateUniversityfoundthatyoungadultsarecreditcarddebtatamorerapidratethanotheragegroups,andthatthey'resloweratpayingitoff."Ifwhatwefoundcontinuestoholdtrue,wemayhavemoreelderlypeoplewithsubstantialfinancialproblemsinthewarnsLuciaDunn,professorofeconomicsatOhioState."Ifourfindingspersist,wemaybefacedwithafinancialcrisisamongelderlypeoplewhopayofftheircreditcards."Dunnsaysalotoftheseyoungpeoplearenevergoingtogetoutfromundertheircreditcarddebt."Manypeopleareborrowingoncreditcardssoheavilythatpayoffratesattheselevelsarenotsufficienttorecovertheircreditcarddebtbyendoftheirlife*whichcouldhavelossimplicationsforthecreditcardissuingbanks,"注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?ManyyoungAmericanswillneverbeabletopayofftheirdebts.Creditcardsplayanincreasinglyimportantroleincollegelife.Creditcardsaredoingmoreharmthanstudentloans.TheAmericancreditcardsystemisundercriticism.Whydoyoungpeoplehavetopayahigherinterestontheircreditcarddebt?Theytendtoforgetaboutthedeadlines.Theyhaven'tdevelopedacredithistory.Theyareoftenunabletopaybackintime.Theyareinexperiencedinmanagingmoney.Whatissaidtobetheconsequenceofyoungadultsrelyingoncreditcardstomakeendsmeet?Itwillplaceanunnecessaryburdenonsociety.Itwillgivethemnomotivationtoworkhard.Itwillexertpsychologicalpressureonthem.Itwillaffecttheirfuturespendingpower.WhatwillhappentoyoungadultsiftheircreditcarddebtkeepsaccordingtoLuciaDunn?Theywillhavetopayanincreasinglyhigherinterestrate.Theymayexperienceafinancialcrisisintheiroldage.Theirqualityoflifewillbeaffected.Theircreditcardsmaybecancelled.WhatdoesLuciaDunnthinkmightbeariskforthecreditcardissuingbanks?Theygobankruptasaresultofover-lending.Theyloselargenumbersoftheirregularclients.Theirclientsleavetheirdebtsunpaidupondeath.Theirinterestrateshavetobereducednowandthen.【答案解析】SectionCSectionCPassageOne参考译文2000,60%的人并未打算正常退,75%的人希望从全职工作退休之后能尽其所能继续工作DanielEgan(57106岁的投资家IrvingKahn公司上班,谁会阻止他呢？《美国宪法》保证现年78RuthBaderGinsburg这些老年人似乎是正在尝试逃避死亡(58)加州大学河滨分校的教授HowardFriedman100牛津人口老龄化研究所主任GeorgeLeeson说我们发现人们对待退休的态度开始发生变化。"(59Leeson答案详解【定位】由题干中的so-called"nevertirees"定位到第一段第三至五句。C)C)。【定位】由题干中的IrvingKahnRuthBaderGinsburg句。A)位句指出，没有人会阻止IrvingKahnRuthBaderGinsburgA)。【定位】由题干中的HowardFriedman'sresearch定位到第三段第四至六句。D)【精析】细节推断题。由定位句可知，HowardFriedman的研究发现,工作最努力和事业上有所成就的人通常活得最长。也就是说,老年人工作能够延长寿命,故答案为D)。【定位】由题干中的traditionalviewofretirement工作的一种补偿,故答案为C)。【定位】由题干中的critics一代人的发展，故答案为D)。参考译文之中很多人将会把这个债务直接带进坟墓。超过20100(62肯定的是,这些年轻人在为产生的信用卡债务支付相对较高的利息。20令人不安的是，年轻人和身无分文的人在很大程度上都依赖信用来维持生计，直LudaDunnDunn答案详解【定位】由题干中的thefirstparagraphA)。【定位】由题干中的payahigherinterest肯定的是这些年轻人在为产生的信用卡债务支付相对较高的利息。"故答案为B)。63.【定位】由题干中的relyingoncreditcards定位到第四段。63.【定位】由题干中的relyingoncreditcards定位到第四段。D)【精析】事实细节题。定位段明确指出年轻和身无分文的人在很大程度上都依赖信用D)。64.【定位】由题干中的LuciaDunnaccumulating定位到倒数第二段。B)【精析】事实细节题。定位段明确指出与其他的年龄群体相比，年轻人积累信用卡债务的速度要更快……如果我们的发现仍然被证明是正确的话,我们将来可能会有更多的老人B)。65.【定位】由题干中的creditcardissuingbanks定位到最后一段。C)【精析】事实细节题。定位段明确指出"很多人从信用卡中大量地借钱,但按照他们C)。2013201312)Part3SectionC【阅读理解】SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedv4),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anewstudyshowsalargegendergaponeconomicpolicyamongtheprofessionaleconomists,adividesimilartothegenderdividefoundinthegeneralpublic."Asagroup,wearepro-market"saysAnnMariMay,co-authorofthestudyaUniversityofNebraskaeconomist."Butwomenaremorelikelytoacceptgovernmentregulationandinvolvementineconomicactivitythanourmale“It’sverysaysfreemarketeconomistVeroniquedeRugyofMercatusCenteratGeorgeMasonUniversity."NotadaygoesbythatIdon'taskmyselfwhytherearesofewwomeneconomistsonthefreemarketAnativeofFrance,deRugysupportedgovernmentintervention）earlyinherlifebutchangedhermindafterstudyingeconomics."Wewantmanyofthethingsaspoverty,morehealthcare--buthaveradicallydifferentideasonhowtoachieveit.LiberaleconomistDeanBaker,co-founderoftheCenterforEconomicPolicyandResearch,saysmaleeconomistshavebeenontheinsideoftheprofession,confirmingeachother’santi-regulationviews.Women,asoutsiders,"aremorelikelytoindependentlyoratleastseepeopleoutsideoftheeconomicsprofessionasformingtheirpeergroup,"hesays.Thegenderbalanceineconomicsischanging.One-thirdofeconomicsdoctorates(博士学位）nowgotowomen."Morediversityisneededatthetablewhenpublicisdiscussed,"Maysays.Economistsdoagreeonsomethings.FemaleeconomistsagreewithmenthatEuropehastoomuchregulationandthatWal-martisgoodforsociety.Maleeconomistswiththeirfemalecolleaguesthatmilitaryspendingistoohigh.Thegendersaremostdivorcedfromeachotheronthequestionofequalityforwomen.Maleeconomistsoverwhelminglythinkthewagegapbetweenmenandwomenlargelytheresultofindividuals'skills,experienceandvoluntarychoices.Femaleeconomistsoverwhelminglydisagreebyamarginof4-to-l.Thebiggestdisagreement：76%ofwomensayfacultyopportunitiesineconomicsfavormen.Maleeconomistspointtheopposite80%saywomenarefavoredtheprocessisneutral.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?Thegenderdivideisabigconcernofthegeneralpublic.Menandwomenunderstandeconomicsquitedifferently.Thegapbetweenmaleandfemaleeconomistsneedstobeclosed.Maleandfemaleeconomistsdisagreewidelyoneconomicpolicy.WhatdoesAnnMariMaysayaboutfemaleeconomists?Theyarestronglyagainstmaledominationintheeconomicsprofession.Theytendtosupportgovernmentinterventionineconomicactivity.Theyusuallyplayanactiveroleinpublicpolicy-making.Theyaremostlystrongadvocatesoffreemarketeconomy.WhatdowelearnabouteconomistVeroniquedeRugy?Sherepresentsmostfemaleeconomists'standpoint.Shedevotesherselftoeliminatingwomen'spoverty.Herstudyofeconomicschangedherviewongovernment'sroleineconomicactivities.Heracademicbackgroundhelpedhergetintotheinnercircleoftheeconomicsprofession.WhatdoesAnnMariMayimplyaboutpublicpolicy-making?Morefemaleeconomistsshouldgetinvolved.Itshoulddojusticetofemalestudies.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtorights.Itshouldaimatsustainabledevelopment.Onwhatissuedomaleandfemaleeconomistsdiffermost?Governmentregulation.C)Militaryspending.Jobcreation.D)Genderequality.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thenumberofpostgraduatestudentstravellingfromnon-EUcountriestostudyatUKuniversitieshasfallenforthefirsttimein16years,fuellingfearsthatthegovernment'simmigrationcrackdownisdiscouragingthousandsofthebrighteststudentsfromcontinuingtheirstudiesinBritain.JoBeall,BritishCouncildirectorofeducationandsociety,saidthefallwouldcausealarmamongUKvice-chancellors大(学行政主管）."Thesectorwasexpectingadeclineingrowth,buttheactualreductioninpostgraduatenumbersisofrealconcernasinternationalstudentsmakeupthemajorityofnumbersinmanypostgraduatecoursesandresearchteamsinscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics.”“AttractingthebrightestandmostambitiouspostgraduateandresearchstudentsiscriticaliftheUKistomaintainitsqualityreputationforresearch,"Beallsaid.Universitiesgetathirdoftheirtuitionrevenuefromnon-EUstudents.Thereisgrowingfearamongvice-chancellorsthatthisrevenue-aswellasthecultural,academicandeconomicbenefitinternationalstudentsbeing-isbeingatrisk.TimWestlake,directorforthestudentexperienceatManchesterUniversity,studentswhosefamiliesreliedonthemworkingintheUKaftertheirstudiestogainexperienceandrepaythefeeswerestartingtolookelsewhere.Lastmonththehomesecretary,TheresaMay,announcedthatembassystaffwouldinterviewmorethan100000applicantsinanattempttopreventbogus）onesenteringthecountry.ShealsosaidimmigrantswereresponsibleforpushingupUKhouseprices.Thecommentsfollowedtheintroductionofnewlimitationsstudents'righttoworkduringandaftertheirstudies.Beallsaid:“GovernmentstatisticsforthefirsttimeproviderealevidencethatthechangestoUKvisaregulationsmayhavediscouragedmanystudentsfromapplyingtotheUK,andinparticularpostgraduatestudentswhoaresoimportanttotheUK'sresearchoutput.TheUKenjoysanexcellentreputationaroundtheworldforthehighqualityofoureducationsystem,sothegovernmentneedstoensurethatinstitutionshaveallthesupporttheyneedtoattractinternationalstudentswhomakeatremendousacademic,culturalandeconomiccontributiontotheUK."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Whathascausedthedeclineofthenumberofnon-EUpostgraduatesintheUK?Theincreaseintuitionandfees.C)Changedimmigratio