中南大学七年制医学相关的其它细菌

医学相关的其它细菌中南大学基础医学院微生物学系

一种病原菌同时可引起动物和人类的某些传染病，称为人畜(兽)共患病，其中绝大多数是以动物作为传染源的称为动物源性疾病(zoonosis)※布鲁菌※鼠疫耶氏菌※炭疽芽胞杆菌

※弗朗西丝菌常见动物源性细菌

炭疽芽胞杆菌（B.anthracis）是动物和人类炭疽病的病原菌，是人类历史上第一个被发现的病原菌，也是致病菌中最大的细菌，俗称炭疽杆菌。炭疽芽胞杆菌(B.anthracis)一、生物学性状1．形态与染色△Gram-positive,aerobic,spore-forminglargebacillus△Sporesremainviableinsoilfordecades.Bacillusanthracis2.抵抗力繁殖体抵抗力不强，且对抗生素敏感。但芽胞抵抗力较强。※在自然界存活时间长。※对一般的化学消毒剂抵抗力较强。对氧化剂较敏感。ColoniesofBacillusanthracisonbloodagar.

MucoidcoloniesofBacillusanthracis.ThisculturewasprobablyincubatedatanincreasedCO2tension(5%CO2)whichgreatlyenhancesproductionofthepoly-D-glutamylcapsuleandaccountsforthemucoidcolonytype.二、培养特性1.致病物质※荚膜※炭疽毒素三、致病性与免疫性Exotoxin:Aplasmid-encoded,heat-labile,heterogeneousproteincomplexmadeupof3components:

(1)EdemaFactor(EF)

(2)LethalFactor(LF)

(3)ProtectiveAntigen(PA)Anthrax:transmission※Anthraxisamajordiseasethreattoherbivorousanimals.※Peoplebecomeinfectedbythecutaneous

route(directcontactwithdiseasedanimals,industrialworkwithhides,wool,brushes,orbonemeal),byinhalation

(Woolsorter'sdisease),orbyingestion

(meatfromdiseasedanimals).2.致病过程（炭疽病，anthrax)炭疽杆菌（牛、羊、猪等）直接皮肤接触呼吸道消化道细菌繁殖，释放炭疽毒素损伤微血管内皮细胞皮肤炭疽肺炭疽肠炭疽败血症脑膜炎Anthrax:symptomsCutaneousanthrax2.致病过程（炭疽病，anthrax)炭疽杆菌（牛、羊、猪等）直接皮肤接触呼吸道消化道细菌繁殖，释放炭疽毒素损伤微血管内皮细胞皮肤炭疽肺炭疽肠炭疽败血症脑膜炎anthrax:symptomsPulmonaryanthraxGastrointestinalanthraxInhalationanthraxdemonstratingenlargedmediastinallymphnodes.2.致病过程（炭疽病，anthrax)炭疽杆菌（牛、羊、猪等）直接皮肤接触呼吸道消化道细菌繁殖，释放炭疽毒素损伤微血管内皮细胞皮肤炭疽肺炭疽肠炭疽败血症脑膜炎（三）微生物学检查及防治原则1．微生物学检查②分离培养鉴定B.anthracisinthebloodofapatientwithinhalationanthraxClinicaldiagnosisofanthraxcanbeconfirmedbydirectmicroscopicexaminationorculture.①直接涂片镜检2．防治（一）预防：①管理病畜及牧场防护。②特异性预防：炭疽减毒活疫苗皮肤划痕接种。（二）治疗：首选青霉素。PreventionTreatment※Antibiotics※Antibodytothetoxincomplexisneutralizingandprotective※Vaccinatio