医学专业英语 词根最终打印版

人体主要器官前缀名称通用名前（后）缀形容词↓此列均为炎症（-its示例心heartcardio-cardialcarditis/cardiology脑brainencepholo-cerebralencephalitis/encephalology肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmonitis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology胆gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy肠intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy肾kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称通用名前（后）缀示例血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular静脉veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron细胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital体bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例一（单）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/ carbonmonoxide/ unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/ trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/ tetraplegia五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/ pentachloride六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/ hexacycliccompiund七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/ heptavalent八octa-octahedral/octalsystem九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/ decaliter注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇，tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素， octadecanoicaci（十八烷酸）颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色 通用名 前缀 示例色 color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/ chromatin/ chromatometer红red红rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/ melanoderma黄yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/ xanthoma绿green棕brownbrownmixture/ brownring橙orangeVictoriaorange/ ethylorange/粉红 pink oink frothy sputum绯红 crimson青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes蓝bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫violet/purple注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义前（后）缀形容词示例病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态-osis–oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis减少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/ erythrocytopenia/ granulocytopenia无a-/an-atypical/ anuria/ agranulocytopenia小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/ polyopia全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/ pandemic与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义 前（后）缀 示例相反 dis- disease/ disorder/ disability困难/障碍dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/块-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症-emialeukemia/痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-血症-emialeukemia/痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/ myoplegia流出 -rrhea diarrhea/ hypermenorrhea/ rhinorrhea坏死 -necrosis/necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/ myonecrosis/ necrospermia结石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/ lithogenesis/ cholelithes与方位有关的前缀含义通用词 前缀示例上upper/superior pi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferior nfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前front/anterior/prior fore-/ante-/pre-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis后back/posterior post-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac内inner/internal in-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/external ex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial间between inter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副onthesideof para-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周around peri-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum中心central centri-/centra-/centro-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus反/对opposite counter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication注： invivo/in’vaivou/活体; invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内； insitu/in’saitju:/原位与外科手术有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切（割）-tometracheotome/thoracotome吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/ myoplasty整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/ orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/ phlebography经…trans-transdominal/translateral/ transurethral注： ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸）-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。与化学品有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例酸盐atesulfate/nitrate/acetate醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone糖glyco-glycogenolysissaccharo-saccharomyces-saccharidepolysaccharide酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen苯基/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin氨基amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine与“作用”有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例杀-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic驱逐-fugefebrifuge/centrifuge抗-antiantibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen去/脱/除de-dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization回/再/复re-reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant冷冻cryo-cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant否/去/分离dis-disinfection/dissociate/dissection向后/退行retro-retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiacSuffix Meaning-ac pertainingto属于，关于-al pertainingto-ar pertainingto-ary pertainingtobelongingto-ase enzyme酶-cle smallness小,少贫乏小气-e aninstrument 仪器-eal pertainingto-ia condition;quality-ic pertainingto-ics studyof;nameofascience-ine/in substance 物质-ism processorcondition-ist one who specializes in 于……的人-itis inflammation refers to a partin……部位的炎症-(i)um relation to a whole; related to与……相关-ive characterizesby-let tiny;small-ment theresultorproductofanaction-oid resembling;like像-ole little;small-oma tumor;swellingreferstoadoer-or/-er eitherapersonorthing-ory characterizedby;pertainingto

Examplecardiac:pertainingtotheheart心脏（病）的medical:pertainingtomedicinemolecular:pertainingtoamolecule分子的ciliary:pertainingtothecilia睫毛,纤毛毛状的amylase:anyenzymethatconvertsstarchtosugar 淀酶follicle:asmallbodilycavityorsac小囊头发毛囊auriscope:aninstrumentforexaminingtheear (检耳朵用)耳镜laryngeal:pertainingtothelarynx喉的,喉音的phobia:abnormalfear 恐惧，害怕toxic:pertainingtotoxin有毒的；因中毒引起的pediatrics: study of children, their development diseases 儿科学insulin：substance(hormone)producedbytheisletsofLangerhansinthepancreas胰岛素alcoholism:excessivedrinkingofalcoholwhichbecomesaddictive 酒精中毒pharmacologist:adoctorwhospecializesinthestudyofdrugs 药理专家rhinitis:inflammationofthenasalpassages炎endometrium:innerliningoftheuter子宫内膜antitussive:adrugthatsuppressescoughing止咳droplet:atinydrop 小滴development:thingwhichdevelopsorisbeingdeveloped;actionofbecomingmaturemucoid:resemblingmucus粘液样的centriole:thesmalldensestructureinthemiddleofthecentrosome细胞中心粒；中心体dermatofibroma:fibroustumoroftheskin皮肤纤维瘤receptor:asensorynerveendingthatrespondstovariousstimuli感受器，受体suspensory:whichishangingdown悬吊式，悬带-ose-osis

sugarabnormalcondition

fructose:fruitssugarfoundinhoneyandsomefruit果糖onychocryptosis:abnormalconditionofahiddennail嵌甲-ous pertainingto poisonous:pertainingtopoison;alsocontainingpoison毒的，分泌毒素的-somes bodies ribosome:thebodyofnucleicacid核糖体-um structure;thing;substance结构物magnesium:awhitemetallicchemicalsubstance（金质 元素）-y condition;act;process dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition ormetabolism营养不良ThefollowingisalistofthemostcommonlyusedcompoundsuffixesSuffix-algia--ase-blast-carcinoma-cele-centesis-capnia-cide-clast-dynia-ectasia/-ectasis-ectomy-edema-emia-emesis-gen-genesis-globin-gnosis-gram

Meaningpain;painful;conditionenzymeembryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎malignanttumordevelopingfromconnectivetissue相关组织的恶性肿瘤protrusion;distention突出；膨胀，延伸surgicalpuncture手术穿孔carbondioxide二氧化碳killcellpainexpansion;dilation(膨胀，扩张)surgicalexcisionorremovalofexcessiveaccumulationoffluid水肿bloodconditionvomiting呕吐something that produced prouducesproduction生产protein蛋白质knowledgeimage;picture

Examplearthralgia:paininajoint关节痛protease:digestiveenzyme蛋白酶hemocytoblast:blastcell血胚细胞，原始血细胞adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing glandulartissue腺癌esophagocele:abnormaldistentionoftheesophagus 突出paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for aspirationoffluid穿刺术acapnia:absenceofcarbondioxide血液二氧化碳缺乏germicide:(substance)whichcankillgerms杀菌剂phagocyte:cell,especiallyawhitebloodcell,whichsurroundanddestroyothercells噬菌细胞glossodynia:paininthetongue舌痛atelectasis:incompleteexpansionofthelungsatbirth不张gastrectomy:surgicalremovalofthestomach胃切除术myxoedema:conditioncausedwhenthethyroidglandnotproduceenoughthyroidhormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘水肿leukemia:anyofseveralmalignantdiseaseswhereabnormalnumberofleucocytesformintheblood白血病hematemesis:thevomitingofblood咯血；吐血pathogen:amicroorganismoragentcapableofproducingdisease病菌，病原体spermatogenesis: formation and development spermatozoainthetestes精子发生hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced byerythrocytes血红素diagnosis:theprocessofidentifyingthenatureorpresenceofadiseasethroughknowledgeandexaminationelectrocardiogram: a graphic record of the activityofheartmuscleorheartbeatusedinthediagnosisofheartdisease.Abbr.ECGandSyn. cardiogram心电图-graph(y)-iasis-iatry/-iatrics

processofrecording记录过程 electocardiography:theprocessofmakingorrecordingelectrocardiograms.Syn.cardiography 心电图记condition;state情况，状况 cholelithiasis:theformationofgallstones胆石症healing, frequently refers to a podiatry:treatmentoffootdisorders足部医疗branchofmedicine康复，常指医学的一个分支-lith-logy-logist-lysis-malacia-mania-megaly-metry/-meter-odynia-one-opia-opsy-osis-osmia-ostomy-oxia-pathy-penia-pepsia--pexy-phagia/phagy-phil-phobia-plasia

stonethestudyofonewhostudiesandtreatsbreakdown,destructionsofteningextreme compulsion preoccupation强迫症giantmeasurementpainhormone荷尔蒙，激素adefectintheeye眼睛的毛病toviewmorbidcondition病态的smellprocessofmakinganintooraconnectionbetween瘘levelofoxygen氧水平disease;diseasedconditiondeficiencydigestionafixingorsettingfirmlyinbysuturing 缝合固定eating;swallowing吃，吞咽attraction物fearformation;development

cholelith:agallstone;astoneformedinthegallbladder胆结石cytology:thesciencestudyofcells细胞学urologist:aphysicianwhospecializesinthepracticeurology泌尿科医生hemolysis:thedestructionorbreakdownofredbloodcellswithreleaseofhemoglobin溶血osteomalacia:softeningofbone骨软化kleptomania:amorbid,uncontrollablecompulsiontosteal盗窃癖acromegaly:aconditioninwhichthereisanenlargementofthefacialbonesaswellasthoseofthelungs 症spirometry:measurementofthevolumeofairinhaledandexhaledortheaircapacityofthelungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)cardiodynia:painintheheartregion心痛，胸痛parathormone:whichregulatescalciumbalanceamongblood,bones,andteeth甲状旁腺激素myopia:beingshort-sighted近视biopsy:excisionoflivetissueformicroscopicdiagnosis活检sclerosis:abnormalhardening硬化症anosmia:lossofthesenseofsmell嗅觉丧失gastrostomy:surgicalconstructionofanopeningfromthesurfaceoftheabdomenintothestomach胃造口术hypoxia:alowoxygenleveloralackofoxygeninbodytissues组织缺氧ophthalmopathy:anyeyedisease眼病leukopenia:deficiencyofleukocytesintheblood.Syn.leukocytopenia白细胞减少症eupepsia:gooddigestion消化良好hepatopexy:surgicalfixationofadisplaceliver肝固定术dysphagia:difficultyinswallowing吞咽困难basophil:typeofleucocyteorwhitebloodcellwhichcontainsgranules嗜碱性粒细胞xenophobia:irrationalfearofstrangers对外国人的恐惧，憎恶hyperplasia:overdevelopmentorenlargementofanorganortissue增生，数量型肥大-phonia-plasm

voice dysphonia:difficultyinspeaking发声困难formation;growthorsubstance cytoplasm:jellysubstanceinthecell细胞offormation-plasty surgicalrepair osteoplasty:surgicalrepairofthebone骨整形术，骨成形术--plegia stroke;paralysis中风 thermoplegia:heatorsunsrtoke热射病-pnea breathing eupnea:normalbreathing呼吸正常，平静呼吸--ptosis afalling,thedroppingorsagging hepatoptosis:abnormallylowpositionoftheliverofanorgan器官下移-ptysis spitting分散 melanoptysis:spittingofthespleen黑色痰;咳黑痰-poiesis production hemopoiesis:productionofbloodcells用-rrhage/-rr burstingforthofblood出血 menorrhagia:veryheavybleedingduringmenstruation 月hagia 经过多-rrhaphy surgicalsewingorsuturing splenorrhaphy:sutureofthespleen脾修补术-rrhea overflow hydrorrhea:waterydischarge液溢-(o)rrhexis splittingorrupture撕裂，破裂，amniorrhexis:ruptureoftheamnioticac疝气-sarcoma malignanttumordevelopingfrom liposarcoma:malignanttumorcontainingfatconnectivetissue-schesis aholdingback;suppressionof uroschesis:suppressionofurinedischarge阻碍；抑制排放-sclerosis ahardening dermatosclerosis:hardeningoftheskin硬皮病-scope instrumentforviewing stethoscope: an instrument for performing medicateausculation听诊器-scopyprocessofexaminingvisuallyhepatoscopy:examinationoftheliver肝检查-spasminvoluntarycontractionangiospasm:suddencontractionofthemusclesinabloodvessel血管痉挛-stasissuppression; stoppage; control;hemostasis:thearrestofbleeding止血，止血法arrest抑制，中止-stenosisabnormalnarrowingofaductorlaryngostenosis:abnormalnarrowingofthelarynx喉狭窄canal管、道德异常狭窄-stomysurgicalopeningtotheoutsideofcolostomy:surgicaloperationtomakeanopeningfromthethebody造口colon结肠造口术-tentionpressurehypertention:highbloodpressure高血压-therapytreatmentphysiotherapy:treatmentofdiseasebyphysicalmeans物理疗法--tionprocesshospitalization:theprocessofbeinghosipitalized住院-tocialabor;birth生产embryotocia:abortion流产-tometoolforincisionarthrotome:instrumentforcuttingajoint关节刀-tomyprocessofcuttingintogastrotomy:incisionofthestomach胃切开术-tropiaturning转弯，变向esotropia:turninginwardoftheeye内斜视-trophynourishmentordevelopmentofdystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition oranorgan器官的营养、发育metabolism营养不良-uriaaconditionoftheurine（小便）dysuria:difficultlyinpassingurine排尿困难-versionturningeversion:aturningoutward外翻，翻转HereisatableofthemostcommonlyusedprefixesPrefixMeaningExamplea-/an-without;notaphasia:theinabilitytounderstandwrittenorspokenab-ad-acro-alb-amb-/ambi-amphi-/ampho-ana-Angio-ante-anti-audi-auto-bi-bio-brady-carcin-cata-centi-co(n)-contra-de-deca-deci-di-dia-dis-dys-echo-ect-/ecto-en-endo-epi-

awayfromto;toward;nearapointortipwhitebothboth;bothsidesup;backagainabloodvesselbeforeagainsthearing;soundselftwo;twicelivingorganismsslowcarcinomaorcancer癌；瘤downwards;under;against;withonehundredth百分之一withortogetheragainstremovalorlosstententhtwothrough;between;apart;acrossreversalorseparatebad;difficult;disorderedsoundoutsideorouterin;insideon;over

wordsortospeakmeaningfully失语症abortion:expulsionfromtheuterusadnasal:nearthenose近鼻的acronyx:growingintotheflesh嵌甲albino:apersonlackingnormalpigmentation白发病者ambisexualbisexual:(person)whoissexuallyattractedbothmalesandfamales双性恋amphicentric:beginningandendinginthesamevessel 止同源的血管anabolism: process of building up complex substancesonthebasisofsimplerones合成代谢angioma:benigntumorformedofbloodvessel血管瘤antenatal: during the period between conception andchildbirth出生前的，怀孕期的antidepressant:(drug)usedtotreatdepression抗抑郁剂audiometry:scienceoftestinghearing听力测定autoantibody:antibodyformedtoattackthebody’sowncells自身抗体bicellular:twocells两室的biochemistry:chemistrylivingtissues生物化学bradycardia:slowrateofheartcontraction,shownbyslowpulserate心动过缓carcinogen:acancer-causingsubstance致癌物cataract:conditionwherethelensoftheeyegraduallybecomeshardandopaque白内障centimeter:unitofmeasurementoflength(=onehundredthofameter)厘米consanguineous:bloodrelationship血亲的，血缘的，密切的contraception:preventionofpregnancybyusingdevicesordrugs避孕法，节育法decaffeinated:(coffee)withthecaffeineremoved 脱去咖啡因的decagram:tengrams十克deciliter:unitofmeasurementofliquid(=onetenthofalittle)1/10公升diglossia:adoubletongue使用两种语言diathermy:processof(treating)throughheat透热疗法disintegrate:tocometopieces分解，破裂dysarthrosis:deformityormalformationofajoint 形echocardiography:ultrasonographyoftheheart记，超声心动描记术ecchondroma:benigntumoronthesurfaceofcartilageorbone外生软骨瘤enostosis:benigngrowthinsideabone内生骨疣endocardium:membranewhichlinestheheart心内膜epidermis:outerlayerofskin表皮ery-eso-eu-ex-/exo-extra-hemi-hydro-hyper-hypo-in-in-infra-inter-intra-itro-mal-meta-micro-mid-milli-mis-multi-noct-nona-octa-odont-onco-oro-pachy-pali-/palin-pan-/pant-/panto-para-

redinward;向内goodoutofoutsidehalfwaterhigherortoomuchlessortoolittleinorintonotbeloworbeneathbetweeninsideintobadorchangesverymiddleonethousandtherrororwrongmanyatnightnineortheeightteethtumoursmouththickeningagainst;pathologicrepetition病态的重复allsimilartoornear;changedorbeyond

erythrocyte:maturenon-nucleatedredbloodcell红细胞esotropia:turninginwardoftheeye内斜视eugenics:studyofhowtoimprovethehumanracebygeneticselection优生学exhale:tobreathout呼出extracapsular:outsideacapsule囊外的hemiplegia:severeparalysisaffectingonesideofthebody偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂hydrocele:collectionofwateryliquidfoundinasuchasthescrotum阴囊积水hyperglycaemia:excessofglucoseintheblood高血糖症hypokalaemia:deficiencyofpotassiumintheblood 钾inbreeding:breedingbetweenacloselyrelatedmalefemale近亲交配incoherent:notabletospeakinawaywhichmakessense语无伦次infrapatellar:beloworbeneaththepatella髌interlobular:betweenlobules小叶间的intramedullary:insidethebonemarroworspinalcord 内introvert:personwhothinksonlyabouthimselfandownmentalstate性格内向的人malfunction:abnormalworkingofanargan机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障metaplasia:changeofonetissuetoanother化生，转化，组织变形microcyte:abnormallysmallredbloodcell小红细胞midcarpal:betweenthetworowsofcarpalbonesmilligram:unitofmeasurementofweight毫克miscarriage:spontaneousabortion流产multigravida:awomanwhoispregnantandhaspregnantatleasttwicebefore经产孕妇nocturia:passingabnormallylargequantityofurinewhenasleepinbedatnight夜尿症nonagon:flatshapewhichhasninesides九边形octan:everyeightdays八日热；每隔八日发一次的odontology:studyofteethandassociatedstructures,andtheirdisordersoncology:scientificstudyofnewgowths肿瘤学orolingual:pertainingtothemouthandtongue口与舌的pachysomia:conditionwheresofttissuesofthebodybecomeabnormallythick躯体肥厚palindromic:(disease)whichrecurs复发的，再发的pancytopenia: abnormal depression of all the elementsoftheblodd全血细胞减少症paralyseorparalyze:toweaken(muscles)sothattheycannotfunction使麻痹，使瘫痪pen-/penta- five pentosuria:excretionofpentosesintheur