2023学年完整版OscarWilde人物简介

OscarWilde人物简介OscarWildewasthesecondsonbornintoanAnglo-Irishfamily,at21WestlandRow,Dublin,toSirWilliamWildeandhiswifeJaneFrancescaWilde(néeElgee)(herpseudonymbeingSperanza).Janewasasuccessfulwriter,beingapoetfortherevolutionaryYoungIrelandersin1848andalife-longIrishnationalist.[1]SirWilliamwasIreland'sleadingOto-Ophthalmologic(earandeye)surgeonandwasknightedin1864forhisservicestomedicine.[1]Williamalsowrotebooksonarchaeologyandfolklore.Hewasarenownedphilanthropist,andhisdispensaryforthecareofthecity'spoor,inLincolnPlaceattherearofTrinityCollege,Dublin,wastheforerunneroftheDublinEyeandEarHospital,nowlocatedatAdelaideRoad.InJune1855,thefamilymovedto1MerrionSquareinafashionableresidentialarea,whereWilde'ssister,Isola,wasbornin1856.Here,LadyWildeheldaregularSaturdayafternoonsalonwithguestsincludingSheridanleFanu,SamuelLever,GeorgePetrie,IsaacButtandSamuelFerguson.Oscarwaseducatedathomeuptotheageofnine.HeattendedPortoraRoyalSchoolinEnniskillen,Fermanaghfromtheagesofninetosixteen,[2]spendingthesummermonthswithhisfamilyinruralWaterford,WexfordandatSirWilliam'sfamilyhomeinMayo.HeretheWildebrothersplayedwiththeolderGeorgeMoore.AfterleavingPortora,WildestudiedclassicsatTrinityCollege,Dublin,from1871to1874,sharingroomswithhisolderbrotherWillieWildefortwoyears.Hewasanoutstandingstudent,andwontheBerkeleyGoldMedal,thehighestawardavailabletoclassicsstudentsatTrinity.HewasawardedascholarshiptoMagdalenCollege,Oxford,wherehecontinuedhisstudiesfrom1874to1878andwherehebecameapartoftheAestheticmovement,oneofitstenetsbeingtomakeanartoflife.WildehadalessthanhappyrelationshipwiththeprestigiousOxfordUnion.Onmatriculatingintheautumnof1874,WildeappliedtojointheUnion,butfailedtobeelected,afactwhichcametolightonlyrecently.[3]WhentheUnion'slibrarianrequestedapresentationcopyofPoems(1881),Wildecomplied.AfteradebatecalledbyOliverElton,thegiftwascondemnedforsupposedplagiarismandreturned.[4][5]WhileatMagdalen,hewonthe1878NewdigatePrizeforhispoemRavenna,whichhereadoutatEncaenia;hefailed,though,towintheChancellor'sEnglishEssayPrizeforanessaythatwouldbepublishedposthumouslyasTheRiseofHistoricalCriticism(1909).InNovember1878,hegraduatedwithadoublefirstinclassicalmoderationsandLiteraeHumaniores,or'Greats'.AftergraduatingfromOxford,WildereturnedtoDublin,wherehemetandcourtedFlorenceBalcombe.She,however,becameengagedtothewriterBramStoker.Onhearingofherengagement,WildewrotetoherstatinghisintentiontoleaveIrelandpermanently.Heleftin1878,andreturnedtohisnativecountryonlytwice,forbriefvisits.HespentthenextsixyearsinLondonandParis,andintheUnitedStates,wherehetraveledtodeliverlectures.Wilde'saddressinthe1881BritishCensusisgivenas1TiteStreet,London.TheheadofthehouseholdislistedasFrankMileswithwhomWildesharedroomsatthisaddress.InLondon,hemetConstanceLloyd,daughterofwealthyQueen'sCounselHoraceLloyd.ShewasvisitingDublinin1884,whenOscarwasinthecitytogivelecturesattheGaietyTheatre.Heproposedtoher,andtheymarriedonMay29,1884inPaddington,London.Constance'sallowanceof£250allowedtheWildestoliveinrelativeluxury.Thecouplehadtwosons,Cyril(1885)andVyvyan(1886).AfterOscar'sdownfall,ConstancetookthesurnameHollandforherselfandtheboys.Shediedin1898followingspinalsurgeryandwasburiedinStaglienoCemeteryinGenoa,Italy.CyrilwaskilledinFranceinWorldWarI.Vyvyanalsoservedinthewarandlaterbecameanauthorandtranslator.Hepublishedhismemoirsin1954.Vyvyan'sson,MerlinHolland,haseditedandpublishedseveralworksabouthisgrandfather.OscarWilde'sniece,DollyWilde,hadalengthylesbianrelationshipwithwriterNatalieCliffordBarney.OscarWilde(1856-1900),afamousEnglishpoet,dramatistandwriter,EnglishLiteratureinthehistoryofaestheticmovementandthefounderofoneofthechiefadvocatesof"artforart'ssake",withautilitarianobjecttocolorliterature,thatliteratureshouldnotbeByanymoralstandarddisposable.HeisalsothedecadentBritishliterature.Wilde'sfatherwasadoctorandhismotherwasapoet,bothhighqualityartsandculture,toexertanimperceptibleinfluenceonhisinspirationinliteratureandarts.IntheOxfordUniversitystudent,OscarWildebyhisteacherRuskin(fairytale"TheRiverKing,"theauthors),togetherwiththeirowntalentandbegantryingtocrea