【课件】Unit+4Discovering+Useful+Structures课件人教版（2019）必修第一册

Therestrictiverelativeclause限制性定语从句1.Heisanhonestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.What’syourtelephonenumber?4.Therearefourpeopleinmyfamily.5.Lookcarefullyattheexamplesentencesabove.6.Theenvironmentinthefamilyisvitaltoachild’sgrowth.7.Whatisthebuildingbeingbuiltinyourschool?8.TheSpecialOlympicsbeganasadaycampcreatedin1963.9.Doyouknowtheplantobediscussedatthemeeting?10.Chinaisadevelopingcountrythatisdevelopingrapidly.指出下列句子中的划线部分的词类：单个的词作定语多前置短语或从句作定语须后置形容词物主代词名词数词方位副词介词短语现在分词短语过去分词短语带to的不定式短语从句定语从句定义：在句中作定语修饰、限定名词和代词或解释主句的主谓结构。结构：先行词+关系词+从句先行词：定语从句修饰、限定的名词或代词。非限定从句伟先行句。关系词：代替被修饰、限定的先行词并引出从句、在从句中充当某

一成分的代词或副词——关系代词或关系副词。关系代词：在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语的引导词。关系副词：在从句中充当状语分别指时间、地点和原因的引导词。

定语从句的关系词关系代词关系副词指人指物who(主语、宾语)whom(宾语)whose(定语)that(主语、宾语、表语)which(主语、宾语、表语)whose(定语)that(主语、宾语、表语)where

(地点状语)when

(时间状语)why

(原因状语)第四单元第五单元定语从句的关系词Heisastudent.

Heisastudent

Heisreadingamagazine.

HereadingamagazineHeworksveryhard.主要信息次要信息Heborroweditfromher.主要信息次要信息主句从句主句从句who/thatworksveryhard.which/thatheborrowedfromher.把次要信息句中的与主要信息句指代相同的词语替换为关系词，作主语、宾语、定语用关系代词。Heismybrother-in-law.

Heismybrother-in-lawHissisterismywife.主要信息次要信息主句从句whosesisterismywife.关系代词在从句中作主语关系代词在从句中作宾语关系代词在从句中作定语把下列各组句子合并为一个主从复合句：1.Thepeoplearelivinganewlife.Theysufferedtheearthquake.2.Shewantstofindthekid.Shemethimyesterday.3.Thehouseismyuncle’s.Itstandsbytheriver.4.Thisisthemostexcitingfilm.Ihaveseenit.5.Theyliveinaroom.Thewindowoftheroomfacessouth.Thepeoplewhosufferedtheearthquakearelivinganewlife.Shewantstofindthekidwhoshemetyesterday.Thehousewhichstandsbytheriverismyuncle’s.ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveseen.Theyliveinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.彭祥吴文秀丁茜李楚祺张圣雪Thepeoplearelivinganewlife.They

sufferedtheearthquake.Shewantstofindthekid.Shemethimyesterday.Thehouseismyuncle’s.Itstandsbytheriver.Thisisthemostexcitingfilm.Ihaveseenit.Theyliveinaroom.Thewindowoftheroomfacessouth.给下列各句添加一个词语使其成为一个主从复合句：1.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreatgrandmacannotforget.2.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoeruption.3.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.4.Mr.Liisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.5.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEducator.6.Hedoesn’tseemtobetheman(that)hewastenyearsago.

徐钰莹史浩然范宸朱子樯刘露

周欣辉指人指物whose主语、宾语、表语

主语、宾语宾语定语主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语定语关系代词=ofwhom=ofwhichthatwhowhomwhosethatwhich1.作宾语时关系代词可以省略。注意2.在定语从句中紧接着介词的只能用which和whom。1.Thenumberofpeople___________cometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.2.Theperson__________________youjusttalkedtoisMrLi.3.Theyplantedthetrees___________didn’tneedmuchwater.4.Thefish_____________weboughtwerenotfresh.5.Thisisthehouse_____________welivedinlastyear.

that/who(that/who/whom)that/which(that/which)(that/which)用关系代词天空完成句子：张佳源丁欣怡王卉夏承慧陈灿

6.Theearthquake___________hitSanFranciscoonApril18th

shookdownhundredsofthousandsofdollars’worthofwallsandchimneys(烟囱).7.Tensofthousandsofpeople__________hadlosttheirhomesleftthecitytolookforshelterfromthefires.8.Theteambringshelpandhopetothose______livesarechangedbyastorm,flood,earthquakeoranyothernaturaldisaster.that/whichwho/thatwhose赵磊方虹徐欣雨9.Thelistofpeopleto

helphasbeengivenislong.10.Theteamtreatedmorethan3,000people

wereinjuredinthe2006earthquakeinIndonesia,helped2,500woundedpeopleaftertheearthquake_________hitHaitiin2010,andspentseveralmonthsgivingaidtoover25,000victimsofthe2010floodsinPakistan(巴基斯坦).11.Theyhavetobeabletodowork

isdifficultunderconditions

canbeverydangerous.

who/thatthat/whichthat/whichthat/whichwhom胡秦楷王鑫邱钰惠叶子馨毕慧that/whichhappenedinTangshanin1976whohavepassedtheexamtheonethatyouboughtthat/whichwerewrittenwhosemotherdied非指人时,只用that(不用which)的情况:1Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthat

theyaretalkingabout?2I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulentme.3ThisistheverybookthatI’vebeenlookingforthesedays.4TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.5ThisisthelasttrainthatleavesforShanghaitoday.6Theysecretlybuildafactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.7Chinaisn’tthecountry(that)itusedtobe.8Whatdidyouseethatmadeyousoangry?9The9:15trainisthefastesttrainthat

therehaseverbeen.10YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwo

thatarestillalive.先行词既有人又有物

先行词是不定代词(all,much,few,little,something,anything,everything,nothing,none)或被不定限定词修饰时,用that

先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,every,any,few,little,no,all修饰时,用that

先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时,用that

先行词是序数词或被序数词(含last,next)修饰时,用that

有两个定语从句,其中一个必须用which时,另一个用that

先行词是be后的表语或引导词作从句的表语时用that

主句以wh-开头(who,what,which)时用that

主句为存在句型或引导词在存在句中作主语时用that

先行词是基数词时用that关系代词that的特殊用法非指人时,只用which(不用that)的情况:1Whichisthehousein

whichMarylives.Haveyouseenthefilmabout

whichtheyaretalking?2Hangzhouisabeautifulcity,

whichIwanttovisit.3LetmeshowyouthebookthatIborrowedfromthelibrary

whichwasnewlyopentous.

紧接在介词后时,不用that

非限定性定语从句中,不用that(在从句中作主语、宾语和定语替代先行词)

有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已经用了that,另外一个最好用which关系代词which的特殊用法指人时用who不宜用that的情况

当先行词是I,you,he,they等人称代词或指人的不定代词(如one,ones,anyone,anybody,all,none,those)时

Anyone

whodoesthatmustbemad.He

whodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Those

whohavegoodmannerswillbehighlyrespected.

关系代词who的特殊用法关系代词that在从句中作表语的用法Hedoesn’tseemtobetheman(that)hewas10yearsago.Themodernairplaneisnotthemachine(that)itwaswhenfirstinvented.Shewasnotthecheerfulwoman(that)shewasbeforeshewasmarried.EvenifJohnwereamillionairewhichhewasnot,hewouldnotuseafarthingofhiswealthtobenefitthepeople.Helookedlikealawyerwhichhewas.作be表语且先行词是特指的，用that或省略。作表语但先行词是泛指时，用which或不省略。

1.在介词+关系代词的结构中，关系代词指人时只能用whom；指物时用which介词+关系代词2.“介词+关系代词”结构中，介词的判定：A.根据先行词的词义判定——不同意义的名词用不同的介词B.依从句里的动词、表语形容词判定——不同的动词或形容词用不同的介词

搭配某一名词Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson_____whomshecouldturnforhelp.此句中介词把动词短语turnforhelp与person关联起来，故用to。Thegentleman_____whomyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.此句中介词关联先行词gentleman和从句谓语toldme，故用about。Chinaisabeautifulcountry,_____whichwearegreatlyproud.此句中介词关联先行词country和从句形容词proud，故用of。Do

youstillremembertheday

on

which

wemetforthefirsttime?Onthewhole,2009wasadifficultyear

inwhichthegovernmentandUnitedNationsagenciescouldnotcarryoutactivitiesasscheduled.Thereason

for

whichheleftthecompanywasthathewasnotrespected.Therearediscussionsaboutthedegree

to

whichthetwofundsmightcoexist.介词+关系代词介词+关系代词C.依从句里的谓语与先行词判定——不同先行词用不同介词与不同动词搭配Theprofessormadehisfirstspeech_____whichhetalkedaboutsomesubjectsthestudentswereinterested.此句中介词搭配先行词“报告”和从句谓语talkedaboutsomesubjects，故用in。Idon'tthinkthenumberofthepeople_____whomthishappensisverylarge.此句中介词关联先行词people和从句谓语happen，故用to。D.依从句里的名词或数量与先行词的关系判定——不同意义的名词之间用不

同的介词搭配RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,theprice_____whichwasveryreasonable.此句中介词搭配先行词vase和从句中的名词theprice，故用of。Soonchildreninthecamphadmanynewfriends,with

whomtheysharedfood,storiesandprojects.Learningstrategies,to

which(the)teachersattach/haveattachedimportance,havenotyetdrawnenoughattentionofstudents.Thepositionfor

whichyouareapplyingrequiresgoodcomputerskillsandfluencyinEnglish.Guncontrolisasubjectabout

whichAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafter

isbetter.1

从句动词决定介词注意:介词与动词构成固定搭配时,不能拆散,因此介词不能提前。

陈灿张雨潇李楚祺张佳源Hetoldmesomereferencebookswith

whichIamnotveryfamiliar.We'llvisittheMountainTai,for

whichShandongisfamousintheworld.Thetwothingsabout

whichIwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.Thetwothingof

whichtheyfeltveryproudwereJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.2

从句形容词和先行词决定介词

吴文秀高丽凡罗榕许睿Sb.befamiliarwithsth.某人熟悉某物=

Sth.befamiliartosb.befamousforsth.因……著名befamousas…以……身份著名

Sb.besureofsth.(对特定事物)确信……

besureaboutsth.(笼统)对……有把握温馨提醒：注意区别同一形容词与不同的名词搭配Hewasinjuredthedayon

whichhereturnedfromabroad.Shewaskilledintheyearin

whichtheearthquakehappened.InWesternCulture,21wastheage

at

whichyoungpeopletraditionallyreceivedakeytotheirparents’door,asasymbolofenteringadulthood.Careofthesoulisagradualprocess

in

whicheventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.Hecameroundthestreetcorner,at

whichtherewasabookstand.Thebeautifuldress

in

whichMissJoneswenttotheballwasborrowedfromafriendofhers.Hebuiltatelescope

through

whichhecouldstudytheskies.3

先行词的搭配及句意决定介词

“用……工具”，可用withThehouse,theroof

of

whichwasdestroyedinthefire,hasbeenrepaired.Thisisthelargestclockintheworld,of

which

theminutehandissixmetreslong.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,both

of

whichhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,none

of

whomIhadevermetbefore.4

先行词与从句中的被饰词间的关系或整体与部分关系决定介词注意:1关系副词一般都可以换成“介词+关系代词”,但“介词+关系代词”

不一定能换成关系副词

2紧接介词后的关系代词不能省略,不能用that或who

代词+ofPersonThingallof+whom+whichanyof+whom+which(a)fewof+whom+whichbothof+whom+whicheachof+whom+whicheitherof+whom+whichhalfof+whom+whichmanyof+whom+whichmostof+whom+whichmuchof+whom+whichneither/noneof+whom+whichoneof+whom+whichtwoofetc…

+whom+which先行词表示整体或部分时，从句用“不定代词或数词+of

+关系代词”引导:e.g.Thecolorlessgaswithout

whichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.Ihavefoundtheholethrough

whichthemousecameintomyroom.7.全句的意思决定介词e.g.HelivedinLondonforthreemonths,during

which

timehelearnedsomeEnglish.OurEnglishteacher,with

whose

helpwehavemadegreatprogressinEnglish,hascompletedthirtyyearsofteaching.6.从句句意和关系代词后面的名词决定介词e.g.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhich

satanoldman.5.从句中的谓语与先行词的关系决定介词

陈靓张希圣余飞逸张圣雪徐钰莹1Agoodadvertisementoftenuseswords_____peopleattachpositivemeanings.

A.thatB.whichC.withwhichD.towhich2Theposition,however,_____youareapplying,isnotquiteawell-paidone.A.thatB.forwhichC.whichD.towhich3Thetopic,______wedevotedaheateddiscussionlastnight,isahotissueatpresent.A.inwhichB.towhomC.tothatD.towhich4Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelatives_____youreceivedgifts?A.fromwhichB.fromthemC.fromwhomD.towhom5Notallstudentswillbesuccessfulinthejobs_____theyarebeingtrained.A.inthatB.inwhichC.forwhichD.forthatPractice√√√√√用适当的介词填空1.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadfurther,_____whichNewYorkisanexample.2.Bynineo'clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,_____whichappearedararerainbowsoon.3.Guncontrolisasubject_____whichAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.4.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection_____whichshehadcome.5.Wewentthroughaperiod_____whichcommunicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.6.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,_____whichhewentontoBeijingUniversity.ofaboveaboutfrominafterP.52__________________________________________________________________________________________________Restrictiverelativeclausesaddnecessaryinformationtosentences.Restrictiverelativeclausesaddnecessaryinformationtosentences.Restrictiverelativeclausesaddnecessaryinformationtosentences.Restrictiverelativeclausesaddnecessaryinformationtosentences.Restrictiverelativeclausesaddnecessaryinformationtosentences.P.52whosewho(that)that/whichwhosewhomwho1Fillintheblankswiththat,which,who,whose,orwhom.1Adisasterisaverybadaccidentorasuddenevent__________usuallycausesgreatdamageandcanruinmanypeople’slives.2Thewomanwantedtofindandthankthefirefighter__________rescuedherfromthefire.3Atyphoonisanextremelystrongwind__________oftenhappensintheWesternPacificOcean.4Thechildren_____parentscouldnotbefoundwerelookedafterbyneighboursandfriends.5Atsunamiisaverylargewave__________isoftencausedbyanearthquakeunderthesea.6Peopleto_____muchisgivenarepeopleof_____muchwillbeexpected.P.90which/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhosewhich/thatwhomwhom被给予很多的人是那些被寄予厚望的人。_____________________毁了很多人的生活2Usearestrictiverelativeclausetocombineeachpairofsentences.EXAMPLEThebabywascrying.Thebabywasrescuedfromthebuilding.(who)Thebabywhowasrescuedfromthebuildingwascrying.ORThebabywhowascryingwasrescuedfromthebuilding.1TheCCTVreporterisinterviewingawoman.Thewoman'sfamilysurvivedtheearthquake.(whose)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2Thesoldierwillremembertherescueworker.Thesoldierworkedwiththerescueworkerduringthequake.(withwhom)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________P.90TheCCTVreporterisinterviewingawomanwhosefamilysurvivedtheearthquake.Thesoldierwillremembertherescueworkerwithwhom

heworkedduringthequake.2Usearestrictiverelativeclausetocombineeachpairofsentences.3Therescueworkershadtowalkslowlythroughthebricks.Thebrickscoveredtheground.(that/which)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4Myfamilywillalwaysbethankfulforthepeople.Wereceivedaidfrom

thepeople.(fromwhom)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5Thepeoplelosteverythinginthequake.Weneedtohelpthemprepareforthecomingwinter.(who)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________P.91Therescueworkershadtowalkslowlythroughthebricksthat/whichcoveredtheground.Myfamilywillalwaysbethankfulforthepeoplefrom

whomwereceivedaid.Weneedtohelpthepeoplewhohavelosteverythinginthequakeprepareforthecomingwinter.3Completethepassagewiththat,which,who,whose,orprep+whom.Forpeople_____lovethesun,summerisatimeoffun.Butforpeople_____familiesweredestroyedbythesupertyphoon__________hitEastChinainJuly2016,thatsummerwasatimeofgreatsadness.Thefloodsandlandslidescausedbythetyphoonkilled

161people,left61missing,andforcedtheevacuationofhundredsofthousandsofpeople.

Thevictims________thetyphoonbroughtdeathorgreatlosswereinseveralprovincesalongtheYangtzeRiver.Int