2023学年完整版Unit4Pygmalion总结

Unit4Pygmalion总结词汇详解：一.词语辨析1.

adapt

/

adopt【解释】adapt

v.

使„适应，改编This

novel

has

been

adapted

for

radio

from

the

Russian

original.这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。adopt

v.

采用，收养，接受Having

no

children

of

their

own

they

decided

to

adopt

an

orphan.他们因没有亲生儿女，所以决定领养一个孤儿。【练习】用adapt与adopt的正确形式填空。1).

You

must

________

to

the

norms

of

the

society

you

live

in.2).

Paul’

s

mother

had

him

_________

because

she

couldn’

t

look

after

him

herself.3).

This

machine

has

been

specially

_________

for

underwater

use.4).

These

styles

can

be

_________

to

suit

individual

tastes.5).

We

should

_________

the

consumers’

suggestion.Keys:

1).

adapt

2).

adopted

3).

adapted

4).

adapted

5).

adopt2.

ignore

/

neglect

/

overlook【解释】ignore

v.

忽视，不理睬，指有意识地拒绝

[+sb/sth]；neglect

v.

忽视，忽略，疏忽，指无意识地忽视或忘记

[+sb/sth][+to

do]；overlook

v.

忽略，疏漏，指有意识地或无意识地忽略、遗漏或不采取行动。【练习】选择neglect，overlook，ignored填空。1).

She

saw

him

coming

but

she

_______

him.2).

He

_______

to

make

repairs

in

his

house.3).

The

mother

_______

her

little

boy’

s

bad

behavior.Keys:

1).

ignored

2).

neglected

3).

overlooked3.

luck

/

fortune

/

destiny

/

fate【解释】luck意为“命运，运气”。fortune意为“命运”，多含变幻无常的意味。destiny强调命中注定，是天意。fate多比喻不幸或死亡，含宿命的意味。【练习】选择luck，fortune，destiny，fate填空。1).

She

told

my

_______

by

reading

my

palm.2).

I

hope

this

charm

will

bring

you

_______.3).

A

meeting

to

decide

the

_______

of

the

factory

is

to

be

held

today.4).

_______

drew

us

together.Keys:

1).

fortune

2).

luck

3).

fate

4).

Destiny二.词性变化1.

comfort

n.

舒适；安慰

vt.使舒适；安慰，慰问comfortable

adj.舒服的uncomfortable

adj.不舒服的，不自在的comfortably

adv.舒适地uncomfortably

adv.不舒服地；难受地2.

classify

vt.

把...分类，

把...分级classification

n.分类，分级；类别，级别3.

betray

vt.

出卖；背叛betrayal

n.[u]出卖，辜负，暴露betrayer

n.

出卖者4.

superior

adj.上级的，较

高的

n.上级，长官superiority

n.优越(性)

，优等5.

trouble

n.

麻烦，困难

vt.麻烦

vi.费力troublesome

adj.

令人烦恼的，麻烦的6.

pronounce

vt.发音；宣布pronunciation

n.发音【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1).

The

hotel

is

modern

and

________

(comfort)

furnished.2).

She

always

felt

slightly

________

(comfort)

in

a

hat.3).

We

will

never

forgive

his

________

(betray).4).

She

works

well

with

those

superior

________

(介词)

her

in

the

firm.5).

The

economy

has

become

a

________

(trouble)

issue

for

the

Conservative

Party.6).

We

had

no

trouble

________

(find)

the

address.7).

The

books

in

the

library

________

(classify)

according

to

subject.8).

Only

eleven

of

these

accidents

were

classified

________

(介词)

major.9).

She

doesn’

t

like

having

her

________

(pronounce)

corrected.Keys:

1).

comfortably

2).

uncomfortable

3).

betrayal

4).

to5).

troublesome

6).

finding

7).

are

classified

8).

as

9).

pronunciation三.重点词汇1.

adaptation

n.[c]

改编adapt

vt.使适应(合)；修改,改编

vi.

(to)适应[典例]1).

The

play

is

an

adaptation

of

a

short

novel.这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。2).

The

adaptation

of

animals

to

the

environment

is

rather

slow.动物对环境的适应是相当慢的。[重点用法]adaptation

to

对...的适应adapt

oneself

to

使适应；使适合[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).

He

tried

hard

to

_______

himself

_______

(使自己适应)

the

new

conditions.2).

He

made

a

quick

________

_________

(适应了)

the

new

environment.3).

When

they

moved

to

Canada,

the

children

_______

_______

the

change

very

well.Keys:

1).

adapt;

to

2).

adaptation

to

3).

adapted

to2.

hesitate

vi.

犹豫，踌躇，不愿hesitation

n.[u,c]踌躇；犹豫不决[典例]1).

He

hesitated

before

he

answered

because

he

didn’

t

know

what

to

say.他在回答之前犹豫了一下，因为他不知道说什么。2).

Don’

t

hesitate

about

that.

Do

it

at

once.对于那件事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧。[重点用法]hesitate

to

do

sth.

做某事犹豫不决hesitate

about

(doing)sth.

对某事犹豫不决[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1).

He

was

still

________

over

whether

to

join

the

expedition.2).

He

did

not

hesitate

_______

(ask)

her

to

sit

beside

him.3).

Without

any_______

(hesitate),

he

jumped

into

the

river

to

save

the

drowning

child.4).

There’

s

no

room

for

_______

(hesitate).Keys:

1).

hesitating

2).

to

ask

3).

hesitation

4).

hesitation3.

mistaken

adj.

犯错的，错误的mistake

n.&v.

错误，过失；弄错，误解，把...误认为[典例]1).

You

are

mistaken

about

him．你误会他了。2).

It

can’

t

have

been

my

car.

You

must

be

mistaken.那不可能是你的车。你肯定错了。[重点用法]by

mistake

错误地mistake

for

被误认为是mistake

in

在...的错误make

a

mistake

犯错误[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1).

Someone

must

have

left

the

door

open

_______

mistake.2).

We

may

have

made

a

mistake

________

our

calculations.3).

Tom

didn’

t

make

a

single

spelling

________

in

his

composition.4).

You

_______

my

meaning

entirely.5).

He

was

________

for

the

minister.6).

Ivan’

s

work

is

always

full

of

_______.Keys:

1).

by

2).

in

3).

mistake

4).

mistook

5).

mistaken

6).

mistakes4.

condemn

vt.

判刑，谴责，宣告...不适用condemnation

n.[u,c]谴责，指责，定罪[典例]1).

We

condemn

his

foolish

behavior.我们谴责他的愚蠢行为。2).

The

criminal

was

condemned

to

death.那个罪犯被判处死刑。[重点用法]condemn

sb.

/

sth.

谴责某人/某事be

condemned

to判以...刑；使...注定[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1).

She

knew

that

society

would

________

her

for

leaving

her

children.2).

There

was

widespread

international

_________

(condemn)

of

the

bombing.3).

He

was

found

guilty

and

condemned

________

death.Keys:

1).

condemn

2).

condemnation

3).

to5.

acquaintance

n.[u]相识；熟悉；熟知

n.[c]相识的人，熟人acquaint

vt.

使熟知，告知[典例]1).

I

have

some

acquaintance

with

the

Russian.我懂一点儿俄语。2).

She

was

a

casual

acquaintance

in

Vienna.她是我在越南的一个熟人。[重点用法]make

one’

s

acquaintance

=

make

the

acquaintance

with

sb.

结识某人acquaint

sb.

wth....

使某人认识/了解...[练习]根据句子的意思在横线上填入适当的词。1).

The

musician

had

little

acquaintance

________

modern

science.2).

I

am

delighted

to

________

your

acquaintance.3).

She

has

many

________

in

the

business

community.4).

I

have

some

acquaintance

________

Spanish.5).

I

need

to

________

myself

with

the

new

regulations.Keys:

1).

with

2).

make

3).

acquaintances

4).

with

5).

acquaint6.

fortune

n.[u]命运；运气；机会

[c]财产，财富fortunate

adj.幸运的，幸福的[典例]1).

She

had

the

good

fortune

to

be

free

from

illness.她运气好，没得病。2).

It

is

believed

that

it

will

bring

good

fortune

in

the

coming

year.据说它还能为人们在新的一年里带来好运气。[重点用法]make

a

fortune发财seek

one’

s

fortune外出找出路try

one’

s

fortune碰运气be

fortunate

to

do

sth.／in

doing

sth.

幸运做某事[练习]根据句子的要求翻译。1).

He

_______

_______

_______

(发了财)

by

selling

houses.2).

She

_______

_______

_______

(寻求她的财富)

in

another

country.3).

_________

(不幸的是),

the

fire

spread

quidkly

after

it

had

started.Keys:

1).

made

a

fortune

2).

sought

her

fortune

3).

Unfortunately四.重点词组1.

pass

sb.

off

as...

把某人改变或冒充成...[典例]1).

He

escaped

by

passing

himself

off

as

a

guard.他冒充警卫逃走了。2).

She

passed

him

off

as

her

husband.她把他假充作自己的丈夫。[重点用法]pass

sth.

to

sb.

将某物递给某人pass

away

去世pass

down/on...

把...传给后世pass...on

to

把...传递给...pass

by

走过；经过pass

through

通过；穿过[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或副词。1).

Pass

the

book

_______

_______

me

when

you’

ve

finished

it.2).

I

was

sorry

to

learn

that

his

mother

had

passed

_______.3).

She

passed

_______

a

difficult

period

after

her

marriage

failed.4).

They

bought

up

pieces

of

old

furniture

and

passed

them

_______

_______

valuable

antiques.Keys:

1).

on;

to

2).

away

3).

through

4).

off;

as2.

a

handful

of

一把；一小撮，少数，少量[典例]He

pulled

out

a

handful

of

coins

from

his

pocket.他从口袋里取出一把钱。[短语归纳]a

mouthful

of一口；少量an

armful

of

一揽；一抱[练习]根据句子的意思翻译。1).

We

have

received

only

_______

_______

_______

(少数几封)

letters

on

this

subject.2).

He

only

ate

a

few

_______

_______

(几口)

meat.Keys:

1).

a

handful

of

2).

mouthfuls

of3.

in

amazement

惊讶地[典例]I

stared

at

him

in

amazement.我吃惊地盯着他。[短语归纳]in在结构中表示“处于...状态”的短语：in

action在行动in

advance

事先in

anger

气忿地in

common共有，共同in

danger处于危险中in

debt欠债in

detail详细地in

doubt怀疑in

excitement兴奋地in

tears流着眼泪in

general

大体上in

operation

生效,运转着in

place

在适当的位置in

reality实际上in

return

作为报答in

secret秘密地in

shape

处于良好状态in

short

简言之in

sight被看见in

silence沉默地in

vain

白白地in

thought

思考in

trouble有麻烦in

turn依次为[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1).

________

my

amazement,

he

changed

so

much.2).

I

find

it

________

(amaze)

that

you

can’

t

swim.3).

I

heard

that

a

burglar

broke

into

my

room

last

night

________

amazement.

I

couldn’

t

believe

my

ears.Keys:

1).

To

2).

amazing

3).

in4.

in

terms

of...

以...的观点；就...而说[典例]1).

In

terms

of

money,

he’

s

quite

rich,

but

not

in

terms

of

happiness.就钱来说他很富有，但就幸福来说就不然了。2).

It

is

difficult

to

express

it

in

terms

of

science.要用科学的字眼来表达它是很困难的。[短语归纳]英语中类似结构的短语有：

in

need

of

需要

in

charge

of

负责

in

search

of

搜寻in

hope

of

希望

in

honor

of

纪念、尊重

in

favor

of

有利于in

spite

of

尽管

in

case

of

以防、万一

in

place

of

代替[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子。1).

Think

of

it

________

________

________

(从...角度)

an

investment.2).

It

was

a

bad

year

for

films,

________

_________

________

________

_________

________

_________

(无论从数量上还是质量上).3).

This

project

is

________

_________

________

________

(迫切地需要)

funding.4).

He

is

homeless

and________

_________

________

________

_________

(需要帮助).Keys:

1).

in

terms

of

2).

in

terms

of

both

quantity

and

quality

3).

in

great/urgent

need

of

4).

in

great

need

of

help5.

show...

in

带或领...进来[典例]1).

Tom

showed

a

little

boy

in.汤姆带了一个小男孩进来。2).

Will

you

show

him

in?你把他领进来好吗？[短语归纳]show短语：show

sb.

out

领某人出去show

sb.

around

领某人参观某地show

off

炫耀，卖弄，使显眼show

up

出现，来到某处，揭露，显得好看[练习]用适当的介词或副词填空。1).

1

will

show

you

________

when

you

are

in

the

city.2).

She

likes

to

show

________

her

nice

figure

by

wearing

tight

dresses.3).

Uncle

George

didn’

t

show

________

for

our

wedding

because

he

forgot

it.4).

He

showed

me

________

a

sittingroom.Keys:

1).

around

2).

off

3).

up

4).

into五.重点句子1.

Generally

speaking,

people

are

more

polite

to

those

whom

they

think

are

of

higher

social

class.

总的来说，人们对那些他们认为属于较高社会阶层的人更礼貌一些。[解释]1).

本句中的of

表示“从属”关系。例如：Birds

of

a

feather

flock

together.物以类聚，人以群分。2).

be

of＋形容词＋抽象名词＝be＋副词＋与该抽象名词同根的形容词。例如：What

I

said

is

of

great

importance.

=

What

I

said

is

very

important.我所说的非常重要。可用于以上结构的抽象名词及相对应的形容词有：ability-able,

help-helpful,

use-useful,

importance-important,

interest-interesting,

significance-significant,

value-valuable[练习]翻译句子。1).

他是个兴趣广泛的人。_______________________________________________________________________________2).

我觉得这本英汉字典非常有用。_______________________________________________________________________________Keys:

1).

He

is

a

person

of

wide

interests.2).

I

find

the

English-Chinese

dictionary

very

useful

/

of

great

use.2.

Henry

Higgins

and

Colonel

Pickering

are

sitting

deep

in

conversation.亨利.希金斯正与皮克林上校促膝长谈。[解释]形容词短语deep

in

sth.“专心；全神贯注；深陷”，可用在句中作表语、状语。例：

1).

He

was

deep

in

thought.他陷入了沉思。2).

He

was

so

deep

in

his

work

that

he

was

not

aware

of

the

fire.他是如此专心工作以致于不知道发生了火灾。3).

Deep

in

work,

he

didn’

t

notice

a

man

come

in.同样用法的词还有：lost,

determined,

absorbed,

dressed等，例：

1).

Lost

in

thought,

he

almost

ran

into

the

car

in

front

of

him.2).

Absorbed

in

novel,

he

forgot

his

appointment.[练习]翻译句子。1).

_________

(determine)

not

to

come

back,

she

went

out

of

the

house.2).

_________

(dress)

as

a

princess,

she

went

onto

the

stage.Keys:

1).

Determined

2).

Dressed六.课文佳句背诵与仿写1.【原句】A

man

is

hiding

from

the

rain

listening

to

people’s

language

and

watching

their

reactions.有一个男士在躲雨，边听人们谈话，边观察着人们的反应。[模仿要点]

句子结构：主句

+

V-ing

and

V-ing【模仿1】

所以的学生在晚会上又唱又跳，玩得很开心。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：

All

the

students

enjoyed

the

party,

singing

and

dancing.【模仿2】我喜欢独自学习，可以集中精神于我做的事情及思考我的想法。_______________________________