2023学年完整版Unit2Cloning备课资料

Unit2Cloning备课资料语言积累交际用语1．接受与拒绝I’mhappytoaccept...but....我很高兴接受......，但是......Ican/cannotacceptyourargumentbecause...我能/不能接受你的说法，因为......Isupport...because...我支持......因为......No,Ican’tagreewith...because...不，我不同意......因为......Iagreewith/couldneveragreeto...because...我同意/永远也不同意......因为......Howcanyoubelievethat?你怎么能相信那事呢？Yourargumenthasconvincedmebecause...你的理由说服了我，因为......Iwouldliketoagreewithyoubut...我想同意你的看法，但是......Doyouthinkitiswiseto...?你认为做......明智吗？No,thatisnotreasonablebecause...不，那不合理，因为......Isitfairto...?做......公平吗？Idon’tcareforyourideasbecause...我不接受你的观点，因为.....Idon’tmindbut...我不介意，但是......2．表扬与鼓励Yourideassoundveryencouragingtome．你的观点在我看来很鼓舞人心。That’sagood/greatidea．好主意。Welldonetoyoufor...做得好......话题语句（1）有关克隆：1.What’scloning?Cloningisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.2.两种克隆：man-madeclones人工克隆naturalclones自然克隆3.Howacloneisproduced?Thecloningofplantsissimpleandrelativelyeasy.Itcanbedonebytakingcuttings(man-madecloning)orlettingtheplantproduceitsownrunners(naturalcloning).Thecloningofanimalsismorecomplicated.Itwasnotachieveduntil1996.4.Dollythesheepwasthefirstsuccessfulcloneofamammal（哺乳动物）.5.Animalcloningraisedargumentsandscientistsarenotsureaboutitsfuture.要点提示：relatively相对来说cutting插枝runner蔓，纤匐枝complicated结构复杂的Cloneanextinctanimal？克隆灭绝动物？1.Whyshouldn’tyoucloneanextinctanimalunlessthereisenoughdiversityinthegroup?Therewillnotbeenoughgeneticvariationinthegrouptobeabletoresistnewillnesses.2.Whyisitwrongtocloneanextinctanimalifitwouldhavetoliveinazoo?Itisnotagoodideatocloneananimalthatwouldhavetoliveinazoobecauseitisnotasuitablehabitattodevelopandincreaseitsnumbers.Thezooisnotanaturalenvironmentforawildanimal.3.Whycan’tyouclonetheDNAofanimalsthathavebeenextinctlongerthan10,000years?TheDNAofanimalsmorethan10,000yearsoldisnotsuitableforcloning,foritcan’tsurvivesolong.要点提示：extinct灭绝的diversity多样性variation变化（varyv.变化）habitat栖息地survive幸存Questionstodiscuss:Doyousupporttheideaofproducinghumanembryos(胚胎)formedicalpurposes?Why?Doyouthinkitagoodideatouseclonedhumansfororgantransplants?Why?Doyouthinkaclonedhumanshouldhavehumanrights?Why?Doyouthinkclonedhumanswillhavethesametalentsastheoriginalones?Why?要点提示：formedicalpurposes为了医用目的organtransplants器官移植clonedhumans克隆人humanrights人权original原来的，起初的话题语句（2）AdvantagesanddisadvantagesofcloningAdvantages1.toproducecommercialquantitiesofplants2.beusefulforresearchonnewplantspecies3.beusefulforresearchonanimals.4.tohelpcureseriousillnessesinhumans.Disadvantages1.maydeveloptheillnessesofolderanimals.2.maydieyoungerthanthedonoranimals.3.Evilleadersmaywanttoclonethemselvestoattaintheirambitions.maybemisusedbybadpeople4.maycausesomemoralandreligiousproblems.要点提示：commercial商业的species物种donor捐赠者，供体evil邪恶的moral道德上的religious宗教的Tworeasonsfor/againstmedicalcloningFor：1.tocureseriousillnessesthathavenocureatthemoment2.tohelppeoplewhohavediseaseswhichmakethemgraduallylosetheirabilitytomoveeasilyortothinkAgainst：1.tomakethestemcellsthatwillcureanillnessofoneperson,youhavetokillanotherhumanbeing2.Scientistsareworriedabouttheefficiency(效率)ofthesystem.Attitudetowardscloning：positive肯定的negative否定的neutral中立的objective客观的,impartial公平的arbitrary武断的optimistic乐观的pessimistic悲观的critical持批评态度的cautious谨慎的indifferent冷漠的subjective主观的话题语句（3）Aboutcloning有关克隆1.IntroductionThepossibilityofhumancloning,raisedwhenScottishscientistsatRoslinInstitutecreatedthemuch-celebratedsheep“Dolly”,arousedworldwideinterestandconcernbecauseofitsscientificandethical(伦理的)implications.Thefeat（功绩）,citedbySciencemagazineasthebreakthroughof1997,alsogenerateduncertaintyoverthemeaningof“cloning”—anumbrella（庇护）termtraditionallyusedbyscientiststodescribedifferentprocessesforduplicatingbiologicalmaterial.注释：cite引用，嘉奖generate产生duplicate复制biological（biology）生物的2.Whatiscloning?Whenthemediareportoncloninginthenews,theyareusuallytalkingaboutonlyonetypecalledreproductive(复制)cloning.Therearedifferenttypesofcloninghowever,andcloningtechnologiescanbeusedforotherpurposesbesidesproducingthegenetictwinofanotherorganism（有机体）.注释：genetic遗传（学）的3.Aretheredifferenttypesofcloning?Abasicunderstandingofthedifferenttypesofcloningiskeytotakinganstance(立场)oncurrentpublicpolicyissues(议题)andmakingthebestpossiblepersonaldecisions.Thefollowingthreetypesofcloningtechnologieswillbediscussed:(1)recombinant(重组器官)DNAtechnologyorDNAcloning,(2)reproductivecloning,and(3)therapeutic(治疗的)cloning.4.Canorgansbeclonedforuseintransplants移植?Howwouldyoulikeacloneofyourselfstowed(储藏)awaysomewhereincaseyouneedanewheartorliver,likeasparetireinthetrunkofacar?Organtransplantsaredifficultundertakingsfortwomajorreasons.First,youhavetofindadonor（捐赠人）,andsecond,there’snoguaranteethatyourbodywillaccepttheneworgan.Statistically,organdemandfaroutweighscurrentsupply.Whatifyouclonedorgansfromyourowncellsthatyourbodywouldrecognize?Butthequestionishowclonedorgantransplantswouldwork?Ifyouwantedtokeepliving,doctorsobviouslycouldn’tremoveyourheartandcloneanewone.Cloningyourselfinordertousetheclone’sorganswouldn’tflyeither.注释：sparetire备胎