八年级下学期知识点

BOOK4Unit1-4知识点Lesson11.What’stheweatherlike?=Howistheweather?天气怎么样？2.beontheradio在广播Eg.Listen!I’montheradio!3.What’sthetemperature?气温多少度？4.rathercool相当冷Eg.It’srathercool，isn’tit?5.someshowers有阵雨Athunderstorm雷阵雨Eg.Therewillbeathunderstormtoday.6.bescaredofsth.害怕Eg.I’mscaredofcats.7.set=godown落下8.rise=comeup升起Eg.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.Lesson21．getwarmer=becomewarmer变暖Eg.Itisgettingwarmer.2．goup上升Eg.Thetemperaturegoesup.3．inearlyspring在早春Eg.Weflykitesinearlyspring4．inthewarmsun在温暖的阳光下Eg.Westandinthewarmsuninwinter.5．makealoudnoise发出巨大的噪音Eg.Thundermakesaloudnoise.Lesson31.arrivedin/at到达…….Eg.WearrivedinWeiNan.2.seedoing看见…正在做..Eg.Iseestudentsplayingbasketball.3.onthegrass在草坪上Eg.Welieonthegrass.4.not…until…直到….才…Eg.WewillnotseeanyflowersuntilMay.5.inourshorts穿上我们的短裤Eg.Weshouldinourshorts.Lesson41.onebyone一个接一个Eg.Wegetthebusonebyone.2.climbthehillside爬小丘Eg.Weclimbedthehillsideyesterday.3.blowthrough吹过Eg.Thewindblowthroughthetrees.4.afieldof一大片Eg.Thereareafieldoftrees.Lesson5.1.hitsb.onthehead集中某人的头Eg.Theballoftenhitsmeonthehead.2.gocycling骑自行车兜风Eg.Wearegoingcycling.Lesson61.turnaround转身Eg.Iturnedaround.3.holdon抓紧Eg.Yedown下来Eg.Youmustcomedown.5.givesbapush推某人一下Eg.Makegavemeapush.6.getoff从…下来Eg.Wegotoffthebusjustnow.Lesson71.partlycloudy部分有云2.wakeup醒来Eg.HewaswatchingTVwhenIwakeup.3.allday整天Eg.Istayathomeallday,4.hurtoneself伤了自己Eg.Ihurtmyself5.makefor为…做Eg.Mymothermakelunchforme6.notanymore不再..Eg.IdonotplaycomputeranymoreLesson91.growinto长成Eg.Theboyhasgrownintoamen.2.lendsb.sth=lendsth.tosb把..借给..Eg.Helentmeabook.3.forgettodo忘记干某事Eg.Donnotforgettodoyourhomework.4.cover….with用…覆盖Eg.IcovertheseedwithsoilLesson101.Bringto把…..带到Eg.Youhadbetterbringyourhomeworktoschool.2.carryto把……运到3.feedsbwithsth=-feedsth.sb用..喂养..Eg.WefeeddogwithmeatEg.Whatdo…do?=.whatisitfor………用来干什么？Eg.Whatdotheplantdo=whatisplantfor?Lesson11LookAfterYourPlant1.lookafter···(well)=take（good）careof（照顾，照料）Eg.Mysisterisveryyoung,butshecan____(照顾)herself.2.Yougiveitwhatitneeds.what…译为“所…的.Eg.________（他所做的）makesmeverysorry.3.befullof=befilledwith（装满，充满）Eg.Thesebottles___________(装满)water.4.cover…with…用……把……盖上Eg.He______hisface_____ascarf.(他用围巾盖着脸).Becoveredwith….(被…..覆盖着)Eg.Theroad____________snow.(公路被雪覆盖着)5.keepsb./sth.+adj.(形容词)表示“是某人或某物处于某种状态”Eg.Keepyourbody____(健康)6.bemadeof“由……制成(从成品中能看出原材料)Eg.Mydeskismade______wood.Bemadefrom“由……制成（从成品中看不出原材料）Eg.Paper________(由…..制成)wood.7.without介词“没有“后跟名词,代词或动名词。Eg.Ican’tfinishthework_______（with）yourhelp.Eg.Heleftwithout______(say)good—bye.Lesson121.needtodo需要..做..Eg.Youneedpentowrite2.one…theother一个另一个Eg.Therearetwoboys.OneisMike,theotherisJackLesson131.makeinto把..制成Eg.Pheshade在树荫下Eg.Wesitintheshadeinsummer3.helpdo帮助干…Eg.WehelphimcleantheroomLesson14短语1.inmanyways.在很多方面Eg.WecanlearnEnglishinmanyways.2.halfof一半的Eg.HalfofthestudentslikeEnglish.Halfofthegrassiseatenbythesheep.3.usesth.todosth.用某物去做某事Eg.WeuseradiotolearnEnglish.4.makesth.fromsth.用某物做某事Eg.Peoplemakepaperfromgrass.5.bemadeof由什么制成Eg.Thedeskismadeofwood.6.bemadefrom由什么制成Eg.Thebookismadefromgrass.7.without(doing)sth.没有某物（做某事）Eg.YoucanlearnEnglishwithoutdoingsomething.Withoutwater,wecan’tlive.Lesson15知识点1.TheseedIplantedhasgrown.eg:Thisisthecage(that)Pollylivesin.2.somethingnew新的东西不定代词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。当不定代词带有形容词做其定语时，要放在不定代词的后面。eg:Thereissomethingnewinthepaper.这篇论文中有些新的内容。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有些重要的事要告诉你。3.turn…into使变成，翻译成eg:Watercanturnintoice.turnon打开turnoff关上（收音机，电灯等）turnover翻转；移交turnto翻到；变成；向…求助turntosb.forhelp/advice向某人求助/求教4.Iwillmakethegrainintoflour.make…into…把……做成……eg:Heoften______thecorn_______bread.Lessons18知识点1.slowdownv.慢下来Thecarslowsdownwhenitmeetsthecrossing.2.talktosb.v.和某人谈话Iliketalkingtomyteachers.3.lotsof=alotof=many/muchadj.许多4.takesb.tos.w.v.带某人去某地MymomtookmetoBeijinglastyear.5.bringsth.tosb.v.把某物带给某人Peasebringyourstorybooktome,andletmeread.6.bescaredofsth./sb.v.害怕……7.Hewastalkingtomymom.过去进行时：主语+be(was/were)+doing+宾语+其它。Lesson19：TheZooIsOpen!1.Thezooisopen.open可以作形容词表示”开着的,营业的,办公的,敞开的,开阔的”等意思;还可作动词表示”打开”.Eg:Theshopisn’topenonSundaysHeopenedthedoor.2.Let’sgosomewheretomorrow.Eg:Isawhimsomewhere.Ican’tfindmypencilanywhere.3.Ithasallkindsofanimals.Eg:Youcanseeallkindsofplantsinthegarden.Thereareallkindsoffoodintheshop.4.We’tectsb./sth.fromsth.Eg:Hewearsdarkglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthesun.Iwaswearingacoattoprotectmyselffromthecold.5.Zooscanhelppeopletostopanimalsfromgoingextinct.stopsb.fromdoingsth.Eg:Parentsoftenstopthechildrenfromplayingcomputergames.Wealltriedtostophimfromsmoking.6.Gorillasmightgoextinct.might表推测,意为”可能”;must表肯定推测,意为“一定,肯定”.Eg:Hemightknowtheanswertothequestion.Thelightisonintheroom.Hemustbeinit.Lesson20:StandSoStillmakefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友TomwantstomakefriendswithLucy.汤姆想和露西做朋友。2.tossvt.“投，掷，抛”和throw同义。tosssb.sth.=tosssth.tosb.把某物扔给某人。Hetossesaballtome.他把球扔给我。runaway跑开，逃跑Themonkeysdroppedourbasketandranaway.猴子扔下我们的篮子跑了。Lesson21Funatthezoo1.表示警告或提醒的警示语:常用Don’t或No＋动名词（名词）Don’tmakeanoiseinclass.Nosmoking!Noswimming!2.havebeento表示“去过某地”，现已返回原地havegoneto表示“去了某地”或已经达到目的地，或在途中eg:IhavebeentoBeijing.(I’mherenow)TheyhavegonetotheGreatWall.(Theyarenotherenow)3.辨析：through,across与over三者都表示“通过，穿过”。across表示从某一物体的表面的一边到另一边。Eg:Theywalkacrossthebridge.他们走过那座桥。through表示从中间通过，强调动作在空间里进行。Eg:Theywalkthroughthegate.他们走过门口。over多指在空间范围上通过、越过或垂直在上和表面不接触等。Eg:Thebirdsflyoverthetown.鸟儿飞过城市。4.takephotos照像，拍照takephotosof给某人拍照e.g.(1)Wetooksomephotosinthezoo.(2)Pleasetakeaphotoofmychild.5.wakeup唤醒，醒来e.g.(1)Whendidyouwakeupthismorning?(2)Pleasewakemeupat5.Lesson22:AprilFools’1.AprilFools’\AprilFools’Day愚人节e.g.April1stis_________________________.2.playajokeon…e.g.别和他开玩笑。Don’t___________________him.3.getoutof…从…跑出去了e.g.Thebear_______________(从…跑出来)thecage.4.ontheradio\TV\internet从广播（电视，互联网）中5.Therebe+n.+v-ing.e.g.Thereis____________________(许多学生在读书)inthelibraryLesson23:FamousZoos1.Oneoftheworld’sfirstzooswasinEgypt,about3,500yearsago.ago副词，常和段时间连用，多久以前，如：fiveyearsago五年前halfayearago半年前anhourago一个小时前before后可以加时间点或句子，例：beforetwoo’clock两点前e.g.Beforeschoolisover,wemustfinishthework.oneof………之一，作主语动词常用单数，oneof…后加复数名词形式，如果有形容词时，常加最高级，例：e.g.Oneofthegirlsinourclassdoesn’tlikeEnglish.e.g.ChangJ2.Egyptisfamousforitspyramids.befamous/well-knownfor…“以……闻名”“以……著名”e.g.HangzhouisfamousfortheWestbefamousas作为……而著名e.g.Heisfamousasawriter.Lesson24UnitReviewThePastContinuousTense(一）过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。（二）结构was/were+doing(现在分词）肯定句主语+was/were+v-ing.否定句主语+was/were+not+v-ing.一般疑问句Was/Were+主语+v-ing（三）用法1.表示在过去某个时间点发生的动作atteno’clockyesterdaymorning.atthis/thattimeyesterday，atthattime,when,while等。eg.Whatwasshedoingatnineo’clockyesterdayevening?WhenIsawhim,hewasdecoratinghisroom.2.过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,thewholemorning.Lesson25：Let’sDoanExperiment!1.upsidedown向下翻转过e.g.Youholdthebookupsidedown.

2.rightsideup

正面朝上3.fill…with…用…装满……

e.g.Hehasfilledhiscasewithmany

books.

他已经把书装满了箱子。4.cover…with…用……盖住……5.besure+that从句表示“认为…一定…”

而benotsure

表示不确定.e.g.I’msureshewillcomehere.

我确信她会来。I’mnotsurewhenhe’llcomehere.

我不能肯定什么时候来这儿。Lesson26:OneWetDanny?theforceoftheair空气的压力forcesbtodosth强迫某人做某事eg:Theyforcedmetogothere.turn…over翻过来eg.Tomturnedthecardoverandread.3.observationn.观察observev.观察makeobservationsonsth留意…观察…makecarefulobservations仔细观察eg:Whenwedotheexperiments,wemustmakecarefulobservations. 4.sitinachair坐在椅子上5.bring…to…把……带来6.dry…off把……弄干Lesson27知识点1.inthefrontof在……的前面(指在物体内部的前方)Eg：Westandinthefrontoftheclassroom.infrontof在……的前面(指在物体外部的前方)Eg:Theystandinfrontoftheclass.2.take……off把……从……拿开Eg：Don’ttakeyourhandoffthejar.①.脱下Eg:Don’ttakeoffyourcoat,it’scold.②.摘掉Eg:Hetookoffhisglasses.③起飞Eg：Theplanewilltakeoffat7:30am.3.takeaway带走，拿走Eg：Whotakeawaymybook?Hetookawayhishandsfromthecardboard.=Hetookhishandsoffthecardboard.4.surprisen.惊奇toone’ssurprise使某人感到惊奇Eg:Tooursurprise,hisanswerswereallright.surprisedadj.令人惊奇的besurprisedat对……感到惊奇Eg:Mr.WangissurprisedatLucy’mind.5.pourSo把某物倒入Eg：Pourthemudintoyourhand.6.hitSth.with用……击打某物Eg:Hitthemudwithyouhand.7.aspoonfulof一勺的……twospoonfulsof两勺的……Lesson28知识点1.It’stimefor/todoSth.是时候做某事了。Eg：It’stimeforlunch.=It’stimetohavelunch.2.betheoppositeof……是……的反义词Eg:Emptyistheoppositeoffull.3.fill…with用……把……装满Eg：Ifillthejarwithwater.Lesson29知识点1.make…for为……做……Eg:Heismakingacakeforhiscousin.2.havefundoing=enjoydoingEg:Ihavefunplayinggame.=Ienjoyplayinggame.anEasteregghunt寻找复活节彩蛋Thateggwillbegone.彩蛋将不翼而飞。Gone为动词go的过去分词，在本句中转变为形容词，表示状态，“消失了，不见了”。5.everywhereadv.到处，处处，等于hereandthere.Eg:Ilookedforiteverywhere.=Ilookedforithereandthere.makeeggs=layeggs下蛋befullof充满……Eg:Thebasketisfullofeggs.Lessons31知识点Sb.needtodoSth.某人需要干某事Eg:Ineedtodomyhomework.2.getreadyfor=bereadyfor为……做准备Eg:Igetreadyfortheexam.=Iamreadyfortheexam.3.pushupon向上托举pushdownon向下压Eg：Theairpushesdownonusfromabove.Theairalsopushesuponusfromblow.4.SerestedinSth.某人对某事感兴趣Eg:Thisfilmisinteresting,Iaminterestedinit.Lesson32UnitReview语法要点归纳一般将来时表示将来某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可以表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，往往与表示将来含义的时间状语如tomorrow,nextyear,in2020等连用。一般将来时有begoingto句型和will(shall)结构两种形式。句式结构(1)Begoingto结构肯定句主语+be(am/is/are)goingto+动词原形否定句主语+be(am/is/are)+not+going+to+动词原形一般疑问句Be(am/is/are)+主语+goingto+动词原形Eg,Wearegoingtomeetattheschoolgatetomorrow.Wearen’tgoingtomeetattheschoolgatetomorrow.Areyougoingtomeetattheschoolgatetomorrow?Yes,weare./No,wearen’t(2)will结构肯定句主语+will+动词原形否定句主语+will+not+动词原形一般疑问句Will+主语+动词原形Wewillstayinthehotelthisevening.Iwon’ttellheraboutit.----Willtheycomebackinaweek?___Yes,theywill/No,theywon’t.当主语是第一称时，可用shall,而will可用于任何人称。Unit5GoWithTransportation!take+a/an+交通工具+to+sp.=by+交通工具（介词短语作状语）gotosp.onfoot=walktosp.步行去某地HeoftentakesaplanetoLianyungang.=He___________Lianyungang___________.Dannywenttothebakeryonfoot.=Danny___________thebakery.情态动词考点：Canmaymustcould(亦作can的过去式)would（will的过去式，表示建议和自己的愿望should(应该)might（may的过去式）+动词原形must的否定回答为needn’tHi,look!Hecan_____(fly)thekitenow.-------MustIfinishdoingitafterschool?------No,you____________.3.世纪年代结构：in+the+年份（(s)e.g.在19世纪40年代_________________读作：_____________________但表示具体年份用in+年份在1978年_____________4.inventv.发明inventionn..发明inventorn.发明家Thatgreat________________thisuseful__________.(那个伟大的发明家发明了这个有用的发明)5.ataspeedof+数字以……速度前进6.You’d\hadbetter(not)dosth.你最好（别）做某事You’dbetter_______(go)thereearly.You’dbetter_______(notspend)toomuchtimeplayingthecomputergames.7.inahurry匆忙Igotuplatethismorning,soIwenttoschool________(匆忙)。8．Ittakessomebodysometimetodosomething.某人做某事花费多少时间。（take随时态改变）。Ittakesmehalfanhour_____(go)toschoolonfoot..9.Intheseshows,peopleusetransportersallthetime.在这些节目中，人们一直在使用各种交通工具。allthetime“一直，总是”，有时可以用always来替换。例：Themonkeysarerunningallthetime（always）关于time的词组还有：atthattime在那时atthesametime同时attimes有时intime及时ontime准时innotime立刻10.It’sashipthatgoesthroughspace.它是一艘通过太空的船。gothrough“穿过、通过”gothroughtheforest穿过森林through指空间的穿过across指平面的穿过.11.Idon’tknowwhattopresent.我不知道该展示什么？

whattopresent“该展示什么”，此种结构是疑问代词或副词+不定式，在句中可作宾语，主语或表语，常可转换成一个由该连词引导的从句。如：

Hetolduswhattodo.(=Hetolduswhatweshoulddo.)他告诉我们该怎么做。

Iknowhowtouseacomputer.(=IknowhowIcanuseacomputer.)我知道怎样使用电脑。

12.Thatsoundslikeafunproject!听起来是个有趣的设想soundslike听起来像Hisvoice_______（听起来像）hisfather’s.13.aslongas只要Hermother______(buy)herthatMP5________(只要)she______(get)“A”inthisexam.14.Ihopeyourpresentationgoeswell.我希望你的介绍一切顺利。

gowell正常，顺利，相当于beallright。如：

Ihopeeverythinggoeswell.=Ihopeeverythingisallright.我希望一切顺利。

Ihopemyinventiongoeswell.我希望我的发明很顺利15.getin\on\off上\下（车，船等）Unit6Connect1.connect…to…将…连接到…上

Iwantto____thecomputer___theInternet.我想把电脑连接到互联网上.2.turnon意思是“扭开、打开、接通”等。其反义词是“turnoff”/turnout。

turnup是“开大”，反义词是“turndown”关小3.fail“失败，不及格，倒闭，破产”，既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词使用。failtodosth.忽视或未能做某事.Ifailedtoworkouttheproblem.我没能解出道题。

failinsth./doingsth.在某方面或做某事遭到失败Wefailedincatchingupwiththepersoninfront.我们没能追上前面那个人。succeedvi.成功，反义词是failTheexperimenthassucceeded.实验成功了。

Hesucceededintheexamination.他考试及格了。succeed的名词形式是success，

succeed的形容词形式是successful，

succeed的副词形式是successfully.4.E-mailletsyousendandreceivemessagesaroundtheworldinseconds.电子邮件让你在世界范围内发收信息在几秒钟内完成。aroundtheworld.在世界上。相当于allovertheworld或throughouttheworld。5.inseconds在几秒钟内Clickonthat.点击它Weuseamouseto_____thethingsthatwewanttohavealookat.我们用鼠标点击我们要看的东西。6.Whenyouhavefinishedreadingamessage,clickon“close”.当你看完信息，点击关闭。finishreading.“结束阅读”。像finish这样只能用v-ing形式而不用不定式作宾语的词还有：enjoy,keep,mind,practise,dislike等7.Theboxwiththemessagewillclose—Youwon'tseeitanymore!有信息的邮箱会关闭，——你不会再看到它了。not…anymore可以用nomore替、换，意为“不再”。8.It'salwaysnicetohearfromWuHong.收到吴宏的信总是很愉快。hearfromsb.“收到某人来信”。也可以表达为：get/receivealetterfromsb.例：Howoftendoyou___________yourparents?你隔多久收到你父母亲的来信？另外hearof或hearabout意为“听说”。例：Ihavenever_________thatmanbefore.我以前从没听说过那个人。9.Theprintingpressisamachinethatcanmakelotsofbooksinashorttime.印刷机是能在很短时间内制造很多书的机器。inashorttime.在很短时间里that…是定语从句，that在从句中作主语，所以不可以省去。例：Everybodylikesthingsthataregoodandcheap.每个人都喜欢好而便宜的东西。10.Beforetheprintingpress,booksarewrittenbyhand.印刷机出现之前，书是手写的。byhand.“靠手，用手”。by意为“通过…的方式”。例：Heearnsalivingbywriting.他靠写作谋生。11.Informationbegantotravelmuchfasterandmuchfarther.信息开始传播得更快更远。muchfasterandmuchfarther.“更快更远”。much修饰比较级，可以修饰比较级的词还有alittle,abit,even,far等，而so,very,quite,too,12.Amouseisalittleanimalwithalongtail.老鼠是一种长着尾巴的小动物。withalongtail作animal的定语，with表示“具有”。例：Chinaisacountry_____alonghistory.中国是个拥有悠久历史的国家。13.Whenyoupressit,itputsspacesbetweenwords.当你按空格键时，在两个词之间就出现了空格。between介词，“在…之间（两者）”。among介词，“在…之间（三者或三者以上）”。例：Thereisariverbetweenthetwohills.这两座山之间有一条小河。Jimsits______KateandMary.吉姆坐在凯特和玛丽之间。Theteachersits______thestudents.老师坐在学生们之间。14.Youcansearcharoundtheworldforinformation.Youwon'tforget.你可以在全世界范围内找你永远不会忘的信息。search“搜”，后面加搜索范围。例：Theysearchedtheroom.他们搜索了这个房间。如果表示要找的对象，在搜索范围后加for，再加搜索的对象。例：Hesearchedhispockets_____money.他在他的口袋里找钱。也可以说：Hesearched______moneyinhispockets.15.takeamessagefor…给…捎个信

我能给你捎个信吗？CanI_____________________foryou?

16.Waitamoment/minute.Holdon,please.请稍等。17.not…till/until直到……才①他直到晚上十点才回家。He__________comehome_________11o’clockintheevening.②她长大之后才回到自己的祖国。She___________comebackhermotherland__________lionsof几百万的

母亲节那天，几百万的人在做同一件事情。

IntheMother’sDay,___________peoplearedoingthesamething.19.alive活着的（只作表语）①她想让孩子们在妈妈还健在的时候向妈妈们表示感谢。Shewantedchildrentosay“thankyou”totheirmotherswhiletheirmotherswerestill____.②他父亲活着的时候很爱他。Hisfatherlovedhimalotwhenhe____________.20.takecareof照顾①她一个人要照顾五个孩子。Shealonehadtakencareofhisfivechildren.②她病的时候，她妈妈一直在照顾她。Hermother__________________herwhenshewasill.

21.whatever无论什么，不管什么

无论我做什么，我都是为了你。_________Ido,Idoitforyou.22.hearfrom收到……的来信

昨天收到你的来信很高兴。I’mglad______________youyesterday.23.feellike觉得好像①我感觉不想吃东西I_________(eat)anything.②回到母校，我感到好像自己又成了一个学生。I____________IamastudentagainwhenIcomebacktomymotherschool.

24.atfirst起初atlast最后Unit7KnowOurWorld1.go\beabroad到\在国外你去过国外吗？____youever______?2.have\hasbeento+地点名词到过，去过（现在不在那里）①他去过英国两次。He_________Englandtwice.另外，“have\hasgoneto+地点名词”表示“去了，到了”（现在还在那里）他去上海了HehasgonetoShanghai.have\hasbeenin\at+地点名词表示“在某地或去某地多长时间”我们来北京两个月了。We_________Beijingfortwomonths.3.中国的人口是多少？_________________inChina?population人口（用单数谓语动词）到2000年，世界人口大约有60亿。Intheyear2000,theworld’spopulationwasaboutsixbillion.4.地球表面的四分之三___________________地球表面的百分之二十____________________5.notall不全是（部分否定）①不是所有的土地都适合人类。___＿＿theland＿＿goodforpeople.②不是所有的游戏都适合儿童。＿＿＿＿＿＿thegames＿＿＿fitforchildren.６.Howbigissp?=What’stheareaofsp?…有多大？Eg.HowbigisAsia?７.inareaandpopulation在面积和人口方面Eg.Chinaisthebiggestcountry＿＿ａreaandpopulationinAsia.８.half(of)sth.……的一半Eg.