加拿大宗教生活

组长：曾珠海组员：吴晓燕陈惠平黄敏玲解说：吴晓燕08号ReligiousLifeOverview

Aspartoftheirnationalanthem,“OCanada,”Canadianssing:“Godkeepourlandgloriousandfree.”TheofficialFrenchversionofthesongalsocontainsareligiousrefrain,proclaimingthatthenationisreadytocarryboththesword“andthecross.”ButwhileCanadianshavesungtheseversesfordecades,thecountry’sreligiouslandscapehasbeenchanging.AnewPewResearchCenter(新皮尤研究中心)analysisofCanadiancensus(加拿大人口普查）andsurveydatafindsthatmoreCanadiansbelongtominorityfaithsthaneverbefore.Inaddition,thenumberofCanadianswithnoreligiousaffiliationhasbeenrising,andattendanceatreligiousserviceshasbeendropping.1.Canada’sChangingReligiousComposition2.GrowthofCanada’sReligiouslyUnaffiliated

GenerationalDifferences代际差异

DemographicGroups人口群体分布的不同

RegionalDifferences地域差异3.GrowthofCanada’sReligiousMinorities(加拿大少数派宗教信仰人数上升)

Immigration

RegionalDifferences4.DeclineinCanadians’AttendanceatReligiousServices(加拿大宗教活动出席率下降）

Immigration’sRoleGenerationalDeclineDeclinesinAtlanticCanadaandQuebecCanada’sChangingReligiousComposition

Two-thirdsofCanadians(includingadultsandchildren)identifyeitherasCatholic（罗马天主教）orasProtestant(新教）ThepercentageofCanadianswhoidentifyasCatholichasdroppedfrom47%to39%overthelastfourdecades,whilethesharethatidentifiesasProtestanthasfallenevenmoresteeply,from41%to27%.Wecangettheinformationfromthefollowingfigure：Concurrently,thenumberofCanadianswhobelongtootherreligions–includingIslam,Hinduism,Sikhism（锡克教）,Buddhism,Judaism（犹太教）andEasternOrthodoxChristianity（东正教）–isgrowing.GrowthofCanada’sReligiouslyUnaffiliated

无教派的加拿大人口上升GenerationalDifferences(代际差异）RecentgenerationsofCanadiansaresignificantlylessaffiliatedthanearliergenerations.相比老一代的加拿大人，现代加拿大人明显有更多的无宗教信奉者。Thefigureinnextpagehadshowed.DemographicGroups人口群体的差异

Ithastakenplaceamongwomenandmen;collegegraduatesandpeoplewithlesseducation;immigrantsandnon-immigrants;andyounger,middle-agedandolderadults.Atthesametime,therearesomesignificantdifferencesinratesofdisaffiliationwithineachofthesegroups.Forexample,Canadianmenaremorelikelytobeunaffiliatedthantheirfemalecounterparts（女同行）.About26%ofmenand22%ofwomeninCanadahavenoreligiousaffiliationasof2011.GrowthofCanada’sReligiousMinorities

ImmigrationAbout20%ofCanada’scurrentpopulationwasborninsomeothercountry.Withsuchalargepresence,immigrantshavehadasubstantialimpactonCanada’sreligiouslandscape(asintheUnitedStates,whereimmigrants–includingthosewhoareunauthorized–makeupanestimated13%ofthetotalpopulation.)Inthe1970sand1980s,Canada’sforeign-bornpopulationwassmaller,largelyEuropeanandoverwhelminglyChristian.Inrecentyears,however,risingnumbersofimmigrants–nearlyhalfofCanada’simmigrantpopulation–havecomefromAsia,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.

Amajorityofimmigrants(56%)whoarrivedduringthe1970swereeitherCatholicorProtestant,whileaboutaquarterwereaffiliatedwithotherreligioustraditions,includingEasternOrthodoxChristianity,Islam,Buddhism,Sikhism,Hinduism,andJudaism.Since2001,aboutfour-in-ten(39%)newCanadianimmigrantshavebelongedtothesereligiousminorities,thesameastheshareofnewimmigrants(also39%)whoidentifyaseitherCatholicorProtestant.BecauseimmigrantscomprisemorethanafifthofCanada’spopulation,therisingshareofimmigrantswhobelongtoreligiousminoritieshashadasubstantialimpactonthereligiouscompositionoftheoverallpopulation.RegionalDifferences（地域差异）Thegrowthofminorityfaiths,however,hasnotoccurredtothesameextentacrossallofCanada.Risingnumbersofimmigrantsinmetropolitan（大城市的）areassuchasToronto,Vancouver（温哥华)andMontreal（蒙特利亚）hasmadethesecities(andtheirprovinces)particularlyreligiouslydiverse(多样的).DeclineinCanadians’AttendanceatReligiousServices

GenerationalDeclineYoungergenerationsofCanadiansreportattendingreligiousserviceslessfrequentlythandooldergenerations.相比于老一代的加拿大人，加拿大的年轻一代更少出现在宗教活动中。Immigration’sRoleImmigrantsdonotappeartohavecontributedtoCanada’sdeclineinself-reportedattendanceatreligiousservices.Onthecontrary,religiousattendanceishigheramongimmigrantsthanamongthegeneralpublic,andithasbeenfairlystable:43%ofimmigrantsreportin2011thattheyattendreligiousservicesatleastonceamonth,thesameshareasin1998.Bycontrast,22%ofnative-bornCanadiansin2011saytheyattendreligiousservicesatleastonceamonth,downfrom31%in1998.Declinesinself-reportedchurchattendancehavebeenlesssubstantialinOntario安大略省andthePrairieprovinces草原诸省.Severaloftheseprovinceshadabouta10-pointfall-offinreligiousattendanceratesbetween1986and2011.However,attendancerateshaveremainedfairlystableinBritishColumbia（不列颠哥伦比