高考英语二轮拔高复习训练：阅读理解说明文（一）

新高考英语二轮拔高班复习卷阅读理解训练题型：说明文题组训练（一）姓名：班级：学校：错题号：（2022·辽宁·校联考模拟预测）Researchershavediscoveredauniquegroupofpolarbearswho’vesurvivedintheabsenceofseaice:byhuntingfromtheicethatbreaksoffglaciers(冰川).ThebearsliveinsoutheastGreenlandandareagenetically(基因地)distinctsubpopulation,whichsuggeststhey’vebeenseparatedfromotherpolarbearsforaround200years,accordingtoapaperpublishedthisweekinScience.“Thefindingsshowushowsomepolarbearsmightsurviveunderclimatechange.butIdon’tthinkglacierhabitatisgoingtosupporthugenumbersofpolarbears,”saidKristinLaidre,apolarresearchscientistattheUniversityofWashington.“There’sjustnotenoughofit.WestillexpecttoseelargedeclinesinpolarbearsacrosstheArcticunderclimatechange.”Whentemporaryicesheetsformontheoceanduringeachfall’sfreeze,thebearswalkacrossitinsearchoffood,oftenbysittingnexttogapsintheiceandwaitingforsealstocomeupforair.Whentheicemelts(融化)inspring,polarbearstypicallysurvivebetween100and180dayswithoutfooduntiltheiceformsagain.Astemperaturesrise,however,thatperiodisbecominglonger,whichisharmingthebearsandpushingthemtowardstarvation.ThebearslivinginsoutheastGreenlandgoevenlongerwithoutseaice—around250days.Butthey’vebeenabletocontinuebuntingduringthatperiodbyusinglargepiecesoficethatbreakofffromglaciersintothewater.Thereareroughly26,000polarbearsremainingacrosstheglobe.ThoughthesoutheastGreenlandbearshaveadaptedtosurvivingintheirsurroundings,risingtemperaturesmayultimatelycausetheirglacialicetoshrink,too.AsSteveArmstrup,ascientistwithPolarBearsInternationalsays,thestudy“isnotsomekindofeffectiverescueforpolarbears”.WhilethesoutheastGreenlandbearsareabletohuntthroughglacialicetoday,hesays,“Inthefuture,thatwillchangeunlesswearresttheriseofglobalgreenhousegases.”1．Whatdoweknowaboutthenewly-foundpolarbears?A．Theyexistinlargenumbers. B．Theyhavegeneticallychanged.C．Theydobetterinhuntingseals. D．Theysurvivelongerwithoutfood.2．WhatisSteveArmstrup’sadvice?A．Keepingglobalwarmingundercontrol.B．Movingmanypolarbearssouth.C．Preventingglacialicebreaking.D．Findingnewhabitatsforpolarbears.3．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．PolarBearsFindNewOpportunitiesB．PolarBearsSufferFromLackofIceC．PolarBearsSurviveinIcelessRegionsD．PolarBearsDeclineWithClimateChange4．Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanyoureadthistext?A．Lifestyle. B．Health. C．Travel. D．Environment.（2023·重庆·校联考一模）In1665,JohannesVermeerputthelastdropofpaintontoacanvasandcompletedhismasterpiece“GirlWithaPearlEarring”.ButyearslateronanAprildayacyclistnamedJanineStrongstoppedherbikeandwatchedunexpectedlyinherfitnessappasthesnakinglineofhercyclingroutedrewtheshapeofVermeer’smasterpieceoverstreets.Ms.Strongcreateswhathascometobeknownas“GPSart”.Itisanartcategory,whichmeansyougooutsidewithyourhandheldGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)andstartmoving.TheGPSrecordsyourmovementbycreatingthedotstypeoftrack.Thistrackisalinethatdetailsthepathyou’vetravelled.Whenyoulookatthislineonthemap,thenyoucanseevariousshapes.Ms.Strongplansherridesintheshapesofstars,birds,lions-andtheoccasionalVermeer.ThentocompletethedigitalvisionofVermeer’smasterpiece,shebikedalmost50milesaroundacitytomakesureeachturnandcirclewasaccuratelyachievingthecoveringofVermeer’soriginal.Thiskindofartformhasgrownwiththewidespreadavailabilityofsatellitetrackingforusebyordinarypeopleinfitnessapps.Itisparticularlypopularintheapp.Strava,andexperiencedasurgeinuseduringthepandemic.Accordingtoareport,morethanthreebillionactivitieshavebeenuploadedtoStravasincethebeginningof2020.The“GPSart”canbeconsideredthe21st-centuryversionoflarge-scaledrawingsonthelandscape,aconceptgraduallyknownfortheworld.ItevenhasitsownGuinnessWorldRecordscategories.Therewasonceacouplewhocompleteda4,500-milebikerideacrossEuropethatresultedina600-mile-wideGPSdrawingofabicycle-thelargestsuchdrawingonrecord.5．Whatis“GPSart”basedonparagraph2?A．ItisasystemestablishedbyJanineStrong.B．Itisalinerecordingthepathyoutravelled.C．ItisanartformrealizedbyGPStracking.D．Itisanapplicationsoftwarecreatingpictures.6．HowdidJanineStrongfinishherdigitalvisionofVermeer’smasterpiece?A．Bypaintingcasuallyonhiscanvas.B．Byaccidentallyusinghisfitnessapp.C．Byoccasionallyrunningaroundthecity.D．Bycarefullyplanningandcyclingaround.7．whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“asurge”probablymeaninparagraph3?A．Asuddenrise.B．Agreatsuccess.C．Asharpreduction.D．Aseveredownturn.8．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．“GPSart”canbeonlycompletedonStrava.B．Stravaisinfactanappforpeopletodrawpictures.C．Theartformof“GPSart”isgettingknownworldwide.D．JanineStrongcreatedthelargestdrawingintheworld.（2023·全国·山东校联考二模）AconcertthatfeaturesAncientTangpoemsissettohittheUSnextmonthtocelebratetheChineseLunarNewYearandthe50thanniversaryofThePhiladelphiaOrchestra’shistoric1973tourofChina.TheprogramentitledEchoesofAncientTangPoemsissettobereleasedonJan6and7,2023inPhiladelphiaandNewYork.iSING!SuzhouandThePhiladelphiaOrchestrapresenttheprogram.Theshow,ledbyformerPhiladelphiaOrchestraAssistantConductorLioKuokman,featuresancientChineselyricaltexts(剧本)fromyoungcomposerswhowereselectedfromthe2020iSING!CompositionCompetition.The2020iSING!CompositionCompetitionisafive-month-longprocessofselectingwinningcomposersfrommorethan200entriesfromninecountries.ThepanelofjudgesincludedHaoJiangTian,well-knownbass(男低音歌手),iSING!founderandartisticdirector.Foundedin2011,iSING!ArtFestivalisthefirstinternationalvocalartfestivalinChina.Since2014,over380singersfrommorethan30countrieshavebeenselectedtocometoChinatoparticipateintheannualiSING!SuzhouArtFestival.PoetsoftheTangDynastyfeaturedintheincomingprogramEchoesofAncientTangPoemsincludeLiBai,BaiJuyi,DuFu,DuMu,ZhangJi,andWangBo.“Iwasinitiallyworriedaboutbeingabletoconnectbothhistoricallyandculturally,”saidFernandoBuidedelRealinanofficialpressstatement.“ButIsoonrealizedTangpoeticsentiments(诗意)areuniversalandgobeyondgeographicalboundaries.DuringtheCOVIDlockdown,Ifoundresonance(共鸣)inWangBo’spoemaboutfriendship,loneliness,andseparation.TheprecisionanddepthoftheChineselanguageisamazing.Everycharacterandeveryphraseisfilledwithmeaning.”January’sconcertalsoaimstocelebratethe50thanniversaryofThePhiladelphiaOrchestra’s1973tourofChina.Overthepast50years,theOrchestrahasreturnedtoChina12times,morethananyotherUSorchestra.“IthinkthiseventisveryimportanttoChinaandtheUS,especiallyintermsofculturalexchanges,”HaoJiangTiansaid.“DuringtheCOVID-19pandemic,performingartsaroundtheworldhasbeengreatlyaffectedandimpacted.OurincomingeventintegratesancientTangpoems,newformsofmusic,andsingersfrom9differentcountries—thisisthefirsttimeinhistory.Inthecurrentsituation,suchperformanceisparticularlyimportant,”Tiansaid.9．WhatcanwelearnaboutiSING!ArtFestival?A．Itwasestablishedintheyearof2014.B．ItsfoundersincludeConductorLioKuokman.C．ItisthefirstinternationalvocalartfestivalinChina.D．ItisheldeveryotheryearinSuzhouandPhiladelphia.10．HowdidFernandoBuidedelReallikeWangBo’spoem?A．Hefoundittoughtounderstand.B．Hecouldn’tthinktoohighlyofit.C．HecouldhardlyshareWangbo’ssademotions.D．Hefeltitscontentswereunrealisticandstrange.11．Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“integrates”inthelastparagraph?A．Affects. B．Balances. C．Inspects. D．Combines.12．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthenewsreport?A．TangDynastypoemsconcerttocelebrateChineseNewYearB．PoetsofTangDynastyfeaturedinEchoesofAncientTangPoemsC．50thanniversaryofThePhiladelphiaOrchestra’s1973tourofChinaD．Processofselectingwinningcomposersfor2020iSING!CompositionCompetition（2023·江苏南京·校联考一模）Thewordlisten,asisshowninLongmanDictionary,meanspayingattentiontowhatsomeoneissayingortoasoundthatyoucanhear.Listeningisdefinitelyanimportantskillincommunication.“Whenpeopletalk,listencompletely.”ThosewordsofErnestHemingwaymightbeaprettygoodguidingprincipleformanymanagers.Afterall,peoplelikebeinglistenedto.Somefirmsuseatechniqueknownasa“listeningcircle”.Insuchacircle,onlyonepersoncantalkabouttheissuestheyfaceatatimeandthereisnointerruption.AstudycitedintheHarvardBusinessReviewfoundthatemployeeswhohadtakenpartinalisteningcirclesubsequentlysufferedlesssocialanxietyandhadfewerworriesaboutwork-relatedmattersthanthosewhodidnot.ListeninghasbeencriticaltothecareerofRichardMullender,whowasahostage(人质)negotiator,dealingwitheverythingfromsuicideinterventionstointernationalkidnaps(绑架).Hedefineslisteningas“theidentification,selectionandinterpretationofthekeywords”.Itiscrucialtoalleffectivecommunication.Plentyofpeoplethinkthatgoodlisteningisaboutnoddingyourheadorkeepingeyecontact.Butthatisnotreallylistening,MrMullenderargues.Agoodlistenerisalwayslookingforfacts,emotionsandindicationsoftheotherperson’svalues.Anotherimportantpointtobearinmindisthat,whenyoutalk,youarenotlistening.Thelistener’sfocusshouldbeonanalysis.Ofcourse,alistenerneedstospeakoccasionally.Oneapproachistomakeanassessmentofwhattheotherpersonistellingyouandthencheckitwiththem.Forexample,youcancheckwiththeotherpersonbysaying“Itseemstomethatwhatyouwantis…”.Thatgivestheotherpartyasensethattheyarebeingunderstood.Thefundamentalaimistobuilduparelationshipsotheotherpersonlikesyouandtrustsyou,MrMullendersays.13．Whatcanwelearnabouta“listeningcircle”?A．Alisteningcirclefocusesonpersonalissues.B．Inalisteningcircle,aspeakerwon’tbeinterrupted.C．Alisteningcircleincreasesworriesaboutwork-relatedmatters.D．Employeesgetridofsocialanxietybytakingpartinalisteningcircle.14．What’sMrMullender’sattitudetospeakingoccasionallywhenlistening?A．Critical B．Opposed. C．Cautious. D．Favorable.15．Whyshouldwebegoodlisteners?A．Tobelikedandtrustedbytheotherperson.B．Tocheckourassessmentswiththeotherperson.C．Tomakeassessmentsofwhattheotherpersonissaying.D．Tohaveasenseofbeingunderstoodbytheotherperson.16．What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A．TheAnalysisofaListeningCircleB．TheTricksofSuccessfulListeningC．TheMisunderstandingofListeningD．TheNecessityofEffectiveListening（2023·福建·统考一模）Imaginedrivingbehindahugetruckshootingcloudsofsmokeintotheairwhileyournewfullyelectricvehiclecleansupitscarbonemissions(排放).Thisdreammaysoonbeareality.AteamofstudentsintheNetherlandshascreatedanelectriccarthatnotonlydoesn’tproducecarbondioxidewhendriving,butactuallypullsitoutoftheair.Thetwo-seatersportscarwasdesignedandbuiltinlessthanayearbyateamof32studentsatEindhovenUniversityofTechnology.Called“ZEM”,whichstandsfor“zeroemissionmobility”,thecarisequippedwithspecialdevicesthatremovecarbondioxidefromtheairasitdrives.TheteamsaysifZEMisdrivenabout32,000kilometers,itcanremove2kilogramsofcarbondioxidefromtheair.That’snotahugeamount.Theteamcalculatesthat10ZEMcarsontheroadforayearwouldremoveasmuchcarbondioxideasatypicaltreedoesduringthattime.However,theyalsopointoutthatthereareoverabillionpassengercarsintheworldthatcouldbeusingthistechnology.Andifabillioncarswereremovingcarbondioxideinsteadofproducingit,theresultwouldbehuge.ZEMalsohasseveralotherinnovationsthathelptomakeitmorecapableofbeingsustained:thecar’sframeandpanels(面板)are3Dprintedtoreducewaste;itwasbuiltusingrecycledandrecyclablematerials;anditcanbeeasilytakenapartsothatmanyofitspartscanbereused.ZEM’sbatteryisalsoreusable,andhasanotherhandyfeature:itcanbechargedwithsolarpanelsonthecar’sroof