主旨大意专项

高考阅读题型解题方法之主旨大意利津一中高三英语组张萍StepI:Lead-inThinkaboutthecommonquestionpatterns主旨大意题型常见提问形式?a.The

mainidea/topic/besttitleofthepassageis______.b.Thisparagraphmainlytalksabout/discusses____.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.c.Whatisthebesttitle/themainideaofthepassage?Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?d.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarize/expresstheauthor’smainpoint?Whichisthemainpointofthepassage/paragraph…?…StepII:Haveatry1.Readthepassage(1-2)quickly,andunderlinethetopicsentenceineachpassage.2.Payattentiontothestructureandthe

transitionalwords(过渡词).

1P.60T.20AP.62T.1AP.63T.8AP.69T.8DP.74T.4BP.81T.8BP.84T.20DP.90T.20BP.101T.16BTip1:atthebeginning

主题句在段首:一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在议论文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。

2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown(bythemselves).Stillotherslikeademocratic(民主的)

discussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevised(design)tosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.Tip2:attheend

主题句在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。

StepII:Haveatry1.Readthepassage3quickly,andfindthetopicsentenceineachpassage.2.Payattentiontothestructure.3.Discussaboutyouranswer.

3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlyattractourattention:“ColorTV,only$79.Twodaysale.Hurry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy,youmaydiscoverthattheadvertisedsetsaresoldout.Butthesalesmanisquicktoreassureyouthathehasanothermodel,amorereliablesetwhichis“justrightforyou.”Itcosts$359.Thissalestacticiscalled“baitandswitch.”Buyersarebaitedwithasalesoffer,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermorecostlyitem.Buyingitemsonsalerequirescarefulconsiderationofthemerchandiseandthereasonsforthesale.Tip3:inthemiddle

在短文中间.当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展,常用于说明文。.4Goodmannersareimportantinallcountries,butwaysofexpressinggoodmannersaredifferentfromcountrytocountry.Americanseatwithknivesandforks;Japaneseeatwithchopsticks.Americanssay“Hi”whentheymeet;Japanesebow.ManyAmericanmenopendoorsforwomen;Japanesemendonot.Onthesurface在表面上

,itappearsthatgoodmannersinAmericaarenotgoodmannersinJapan,andinawaythisistrue.Butinanycountry,theonlymannersthatareimportantarethoseinvolvingoneperson’sbehaviortowardanotherperson.Inallcountriesitisgoodmannerstobehaveconsideratelytowardsothersandbadmannersnotto.Itisonlythewayofbehavingpolitelythatdiffersfromcountrytocountry.Tip4:atboththebeginningandtheendThisparagraphbeginswithatopicsentenceandendswitharestatementofthesametopicsente在文章开头和结尾:首尾呼应，为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式常用于记叙文，议论文，但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。5

TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

partialdetailsA.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.Tip5:Nospecifictopicsentence,soreadersshouldsummarizefromallthedetails.从段落中归纳要点抓大意.有些文章无明确的主题句.这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实细节来概括总结主旨大意。注意：1.不能以偏概全.2.不能过于宽泛，要恰如其分。

3.注意多次出现的高频词或主题词atthebeginningattheendinthemiddleatboththebeginningandtheend命题类主题句在段落中的位置nocleartopicsentenceatthebeginningattheendStepIII:Challengeyourselfbyusingthetipsmentionedabove.1.Skimtheparagraphs(6-7)fasttochoosethemainidea.2.Haveadiscussionandshareyouranswer.

Suggestion:先看问题后阅读更有针对性，做到有的放矢，既省时又高效。b.注意段落结构，找出/归纳出topicsentence.C.对比选项，进一步提取有效信息，去伪存真。6Onehundredyearsago,schoolteacherswereexpectedtoprovideavarietyofservicesinadditiontotheirteachingdutiesandbehavethemselvesinanexemplary(servingasanexample)manner.Theycaredfor(takecareof)theoillamps,tended(lookafter)thefire,andsuppliedtheirstudentswithsharppencils.Afteralongdayintheclassroom,theywereexpectedtospendsometimeeveryeveningreadingtheBible.Womenteacherscouldnotmarry,andbarbershopswereoflimitstomenteachers.Ofcourse,alcoholandtobaccowereforbidden.Whichstatementbestexpressesthemainidea?

A.Teachersperformeddomestic(adj.家庭的)tasks.B.Theteachingprofession(n.职业)demandedtotal

dedication(n.奉献).C.Teachersneededtheguidanceofreligion.D.Teacherssetgoodexamplesbynotusingtobaccoandalcohol.avarietyofservicesteachingdutiesbehavethemselvesinanexemplarymanner7Whenworkhasaccumulated(gather)tothepointwhereyoufeelover-whelmed(adj.sthissobadthatyoucannotdealwithitwell),youcantakecertainstepstomakethingseasy.First,listallthetasksthatmustbedoneanddecidewhichrequiresimmediateattention.Next,dividetheworkintoseparatepilessoyoucanactuallyseethemdisappearasyouwork.Youwillavoidafeelingofdepressionifyoucanseeconcreteachievement.Last,assign(give)eachtaskacertainamountoftime.Ifyouarerealisticandallowyourselfalittleextratimeforeachtask,youwillfindthatalltheworkwillbedonewithtimetospareandasenseofaccomplishment(achievement)willreplacetheanxietyyoufeltatfirst.Whichsentencecanbestexpressthemainidea?Qualityworkrequirestimeandpatience.Thesuccessfulpersonreliesongoodassistants.C.Discouragement沮丧,气馁anddepressionresultfromoverwork.D.Organization条理,系统

savestimeandenergy.stepstomakethingseasy1.Skimtheparagraphs(8)fastandwritedownthebesttitle.(within6words)2.characteristics(特征)

ofthebesttitle

★showthemainidea★attractive★simple,brief,summary★avoidmistakes(grammar,spelling..etc.)__________________________Keys：Kleptomania--amentalillnessKleptomaniaisamentalillness

StepIIIUsingtheskilloflocatingthetopicsentencestogetthemainidea/topic/pointofpassages.

1Generally,wesupposethefirstsentencesofeachparaasthetopiconeforeachpara.Readallofthem.