2023年大学英语专业四级阅读理解模拟试题含答案

ＰARTVREADＩＮGCＯMPREＨENＳＩONﻩ ﻩ ﻩﻩ [２5ＭＩN］Inthissectioｎthereａreｆｏurpａssagesfolｌowｅdbyquesｔiｏnsｏrunfinishedstａteｍents,eachｗithｆoｕｒsuggｅstｅdanｓｗｅrsmａｒkedＡ，B,ＣanｄD.Cｈooseｔheoｎeｔhatyoｕthinkisｔhebesｔaｎswｅr.ＴＥXTAAｓｔudyofarthｉstorymiｇｈｔbeagoodwaytolearnｍｏｒｅabｏutacｕltuｒethanispossibletolｅarniｎgeｎerａｌhｉsｔoｒｙclaｓses.Ｍosttypｉcalhiｓtorycｏursesconｃｅntｒateonpｏｌiticｓ，ecoｎomｉｃs,andwar.Butａｒthistoryｆocusｅｓoｎｍucｈmｏrｅｔhａｎtｈisbｅｃａusearｔreflectｓｎｏｔoｎlｙthepｏｌitｉcalvaluｅsofａpｅopｌe,butalsoｒeligiousbeliefs,ｅｍotiｏns，ａndpｓychology.Ｉｎadditiｏn,inｆormationaｂouttｈeｄａｉｌyactiviｔiesofouraｎcestors—orofpeoｐleｖｅrｙdｉfferentfromoｕrown—ｃanbepｒovｉdedbyart.Inｓhoｒt,artexprｅｓsｅstｈeｅssentiaｌquaｌitieｓoｆaｔimeａｎdａｐlace,anｄａstｕｄｙofitclearlｙoffｅrusａdeeperｕｎdｅrstaｎdinｇtｈａnｃanbefouｎdiｎmoｓthｉsｔｏrybｏoｋｓ.Inhｉstorｙbookｓ,oｂjecｔivｅinformationaｂｏｕｔthepoliticａｌlｉｆeofaｃountrｙiｓpｒesｅntｅd;thaｔis,facｔsａｂouｔｐoliｔｉcｓareｇiveｎ,butｏpiｎｉｏnsarenotexpressｅd．Art,ontｈeoｔherｈaｎd,issubjｅctivｅ：itreflｅctsemoｔioｎsaｎdopinions．ThegreatＳpａnishpainterFranciｓcoGoyawasｐerhapstｈｅfiｒsｔｔruly“poliｔicａl”ａrtｉｓｔ．Inｈisｗelｌ-knoｗnｐaiｎｔiｎgTheThｉrdofMay180８,ｈecriｔicizeｄtheSpａnisｈｇｏｖｅrnｍentforitｓmｉsuseｏfpoweroｖerpeople.Overahｕndredyeaｒsｌａter,syｍboｌicimａgeswereuseｄinPablｏPicaｓｓo’sGｕerｎicatoexpresstｈehｏrｒｏrｏｆｗar.Ｍｅａnｗhile,ｏnanothｅrcoｎtiｎent，tｈepｏwerｆulpaiｎtinｇsofDｉegoＲivera,JoseCｌementeOｒozｃo，andＤaviｄAlfarｏＳiqueiroｓ—asｗeｌｌaｓtheｗｏrksofAlfｒeｄoRａmｏsMartinｅs—ｄepictedｔheｓeＭexｉcanａrtisｔs’deepａnｇｅrａndsadnessaboｕtｓoｃiaｌprobｌeｍs．Ｉnｔhesameｗay，artcaｎrｅfｌｅctａcｕlturｅ’srelｉgiouｓbｅliｅfs.ForhｕnｄreｄsｏfyearｓｉnEｕroｐe,reｌigiouｓartwａsaｌmｏsｔｔhｅｏnlyｔｙpｅoｆａrtthatexiｓteｄ.ChｕｒchｅｓandothｅrrｅｌigiｏusbｕildinｇsｗereｆillｅｄwithｐaintｉｎｇsthatｄepiｃｔedpeopleandｓtｏriｅsｆroｍtｈeＢｉble．Ａlthoughｍostｐｅoplecｏulｄｎ’tread,tｈeｙcouldstilｌunderｓｔaｎdbiｂliｃalstoriｅsinthepictｕrｅｓonｃｈｕrchwalls.Byconｔrast,oneｏfｔhemaiｎcｈａracterisｔicsofartinthｅMiddlｅEａstwａs（ａndｓtiｌlｉs)ｉtsabｓenｃeｏfhumａｎaｎdanｉmaｌimages.ThisrｅflectｓthｅＩslamiｃbelｉefthatstatuｅｓareuｎholy.Ｍoreｃanbｅlearｎｅdaboｕtacｕlturｅfroｍastuｄyoｆａrthistorｙthanｇeｎeｒalhistorybecausearthistory__.

A.shｏwusthｅｒeｌigiousandemotionsｏfapeopleinaｄditioｎｔopoｌiticａlvalues.ﻫB.proｖideuswiｔhinformationaboｕtthedaｉlｙaｃtivitiesofpeopleinthepasｔ.

Ｃ.giｖｅusanｉnｓｉｇhｔiｎtｏtheesｓentialqｕalitｉｅｓofatimeandａpｌace.

D.alloftheａbove.Arｔiｓsuｂjｅctｉveinｔhat__．

A．aperｓoｎalａndemotiｏnalviewofｈistoryｉsｐresenteｄthroughiｔ.ﻫB.itcａｎeasiｌyrouｓeouｒaｎｇerorｓaｄnessabouｔｓocialproblemｓ．

C.iｔwillfindareadyｅcｈoiｎourhearｔs.ﻫD．bｏtｈＢandC.Wｈichoｆthefｏｌlｏwｉnｇstatemenｔsistrueaccｏrdingｔothepasｓage?ﻫA.UnlikeFｒaｎciscｏGoya,ＰabloaｎdseveraｌMexicanaｒtｉstsexpｒｅsｓeｄtheirpoliticａlopinionsintｈeｉｒpaintings．

B.Historｙbooksoftenrevealtheｃｏmpｉlｅｒs’ｐoliｔicａlviewｓ.ﻫC.ReligiouｓartremaｉｎeｄinEuroｐefｏrcｅnturiestheoｎｌytyｐeofａrｔｂeｃａｕsemostpeoplereｇardeｄthｅBibleaｓthｅHoｌyBoｏk.

D.Aｌltheaｂoｖemeｎｔioｎed.Thepaｓsagｅisｍaiｎｌydiscｕsｓing__.

A.theｄifｆereｎcebetwｅengeｎｅraｌhistｏryandarthistory.ﻫＢ.Tｈemakingｏfartｈistoｒｙ.

C.Whaｔcanwelearｎfroｍart．

D.Theiｎfluｅncｅofaｒtistsonａrthiｓtoｒy．Ｉｎmaybｅconｃludｅｄfｒoｍthispassａｇethat＿_.ﻫA.Islamicartｉｓtｓｈavｅhａｄtocreatｅarchitectuｒaｌdecorａtiｏnswithimagesｏffｌｏwersｏrgｅomｅtrｉcforｍs.

B.Histoｒyteachersaremoreoｂｊeｃｔiｖetｈanｇenｅralhistory．

Ｃ．Iｔismｏｒeｄiffiｃuｌtｔｏsｔuｄyａrthｉstorｙthａngeneralｈｉｓtory．ﻫD.PｅoplｅａndstoriesｆromｔheＢiblｅwereｐａｉnｔedonchｕrcｈｅsandotherbuildinｇsiｎorderｔopopularｉzetheBｉblｅ.ＴEＸTBAsweknow,itisveryiｍporｔaｎtthatafirmshｏｕｌdｐayattｅntiontothｅtrainingofitsstaffaｓｔhereexisｔmanｙｗeakｐａrtｓiｎitsｖariousdepａｒtｍenｔs.Staｆｆtrainingmuｓtｈaveaｐurpｏse,ｗhichｉsdｅfｉnedｗｈenafiｒmｃonsｉdｅrｓiｔstrainｉnｇneeds,wｈicｈａreｉnturnbaｓeｄonjobdescriｐtionsandjｏbspecificationｓ．Ajoｂｄｅｓcrｉptionshouldgivedetaｉlｓｏftheperfｏrmanｃｅthａtisｒequiｒeｄfｏraparｔｉｃulａｒｊob,andajｏｂspeｃificationshouldgiveinｆormaｔionａboｕtｔhebehaviｏr，knowleｄｇｅanｄskillstｈaｔaｒｅeｘpeｃtｅdofａnemployｅｅwhｏwｏｒksiｎit.Ｗhｅnaｌloｆｔhishasbｅｅncoｌｌected,itisｐｏssｉbleｔomａｋｅatrａｉnｉngspecｉfication．ThisspecifｉesｗｈatthｅTrａiｎingDｅｐaｒtmentmusttｅaｃｈfortheｓucｃｅssfuｌpｅrｆorｍａncｅofthｅjob，aｎdalsｏtheｂestmethodstouseintheｔrainingpeｒｉod.Thｅｒearemaｎydifferｅｎｔtraininｇmｅtｈods,ａｎdtherｅarｅａdvantagｅｓanddisaｄvantagｅｓｏfalloftｈeｍ．Ｓucｃｅssfultraiｎingｐｒoｇｒａmmesdepｅndonaｎｕｎderstaｎdingoftheｄifferencｅｂetweeｎlｅarningａboutｓkｉｌｌsandｔrａininginｕsiｎｇthｅm.Itisfrｅquentlysaiｄｔhatlｅaｒnｉnｇaboutskillstａkeｓｐlaｃe"offtｈejｏb＂inｔheclassrｏom,butｔrainingiｎｕsｉngtheseskｉllstakespｌace"oｎｔｈｅjob"，bｙｍeａｎsoｆｓｕｃｈａctivｉｔｉesaspracticeinthewｏrｋsｈｏp.Iｔｉsaｌwaysdｉfficulｔｔｏevaｌuａtｅtｈeｃosｔsaｎdsavingsofaｔｒａｉｎingprogramｍe.Theｓucｃesｓofｓｕｃhaproｇraｍmedepenｄsnoｔｏnｌyonthemetｈｏｄsｕsedbuｔalｓooｎｔhｅqｕａlityoｆｔhｅｓtafｆｗｈｏdothｅｔraining.Acoｍpａnycaｎｏftencｈeckｏhsavinｇsintimeanｄcｏsｔｂyexamｉningthewoｒｋｐerforｍedbythewoｒkerｓanｄtｅchｎiciａnswｈoｈavecｏｍpｌetedatraininｇprogrａmme.Theｅvａluationofmａnageｍｅnttrainiｎgｉｓｍｕcｈmorｅcoｍplｅxthａnｔｈat.Ｔｏbeｓｕcｃessfｕliｎoｕrtｒainingprogrammｅs,wｅmustundersｔaｎdthediffereｎｃeｂｅtweeｎ＿__＿__.

A.ａｊｏbｄescriptｉｏnanｄajobsｐecificationﻫB.whatistaｕghｔandhoｗitｉstaughtﻫC.learniｎｇaboutskｉlｌsａndtｒaｉｎingｉnusinｇtｈemﻫＤ．theｓａvinｇsintｉmeandthesaｖinｇsiｎcｏstThesuccｅssofatrainｉngprｏｇraｍmeｄependｓon＿＿_＿_＿_＿_.

A.theplacｅswherethetrａiniｎｇｔakｅsplace

B.thecｏｒrectevａｌuaｔiｏｎｏｆthｅcoｓtsａｎdsavｉｎｇsoftheproｇrａmｍeﻫＣ.thｅperｆorｍａｎceofthewｏrｋersaｎdtecｈnicianstrainedintheproｇramｍeﻫD．thetraｉｎｉｎgmｅｔhodsandthequａlityofthetrainingstaｆfAtrainingｓpecificａtioｎspｅｃifies__＿___＿.

A.theperｆorｍａncerequiredｆorａcertａinjｏｂ

B.thebeｈavior,knｏwledgｅ,andskｉllsexｐectｅdofaｎemｐloyee

Ｃ．tｈetｒaiｎiｎgｃonｔenｔsandmｅｔhｏdｓ

Ｄ．thecｏｓｔsaｎdsaviｎgsoｆｔhｅproｇrａmｍｅＡcｃordingtoｔheｐassagｅ,ｗhicｈoｆｔｈeｆｏｌlｏwinｇｓｔatementｓisNOTtrue？

A.Astｈereexistweakpaｒtsiｎdifｆeｒentdepａrtmｅntsｏｆafirm,tｈetｒaiｎingofitｓｓtaffishｉghｌynecｅｓsaｒｙ．ﻫBAtraininｇspecｉfｉcatｉｏｎｉsbａsｅdoｎtheｉnformatｉｏncｏｌlectedfromａjobｄescriptｉｏnａndajobｓpecificaｔioｎ.ﻫＣ．Traininginｕsingsｋillsandlｅａｒningaboutskillsusuａllydonothapｐeｎａttheｓaｍeplacｅ.

D.Itiｓeａsieｒtoevａlｕateｍanagｅmenttraｉninｇthantoeｖａluａtetheｔrａiningofworkersａｎdｔechnｉcians．Thebesttitleforthispaｓｓaｇemighｔｂe______＿.

AASuccｅssfulTrainｉngPrｏgｒammeﻫB.HowtｏDescribeａndSｐecifｙａJｏb

Ｃ．ＳｔaｆfTrａiｎinｇﻫD.TheImporｔanceｏfTrainｉnｇＷｏrkeｒsaｎdTechniciaｎsTEXTＣＲeｃentreseaｒchｈasｃlaimedｔｈatａnｅxｃessｏｆｐositivｅｉoｎsｉnｔｈeaiｒcaｎhaｖeaniｌleｆfectonpeopｌe’sｐhｙsicalorpｓycholｏgicalhealｔh.Whataｒｅpｏsｉtiveions?Weｌl,tｈｅairisｆulloｆioｎs,elｅcｔriｃallychargeｄｐaｒtiｃｌeｓ,andgeｎerallｙthereｉsａroｕghbalａncｅbｅtwｅeｎtｈｅｐosｉtiveanｄthenegativｅchaｒgｅｄ.Bｕｔsometimｅｓｔｈｉsbaｌａｎcebecｏｍeｓdｉｓtｕｒｂedandalargeｒpｒopｏｒtionｏfposiｔｉveionsaｒefoｕｎd.Ｔhiｓhappensnaｔｕraｌｌｙbeforeｔｈundeｒstorm，earthquａｋeｓｗhenwｉnｄsｓucｈａstheMｉｓtｒal,HａmｓiｎorＳharavarebloｗｉnｇｉncerｔaｉｎｃoｕｎtriｅｓ．Oｒitcａnｂecausedｂｙabuilｄ-uｐoｆstaticelectricｉtｙindoｏrsfromｃａrpetsorcｌoｔhｉnｇｍａdeｏｆmaｎ-madefｉbｒeｓ，orｆrｏmTVsets,dｕplicatorｓorcｏmｐuterdispｌａｙｓcrｅens.Whｅnaｌarｇｅnumbeｒofpｏsｉtｉveionsareprｅｓentｉntｈeairｍａｎyｐｅoplｅexpｅriｅｎceunpleasａnｔeｆfｅcｔssｕchａshｅａdacｈｅs,fａtiguｅ,irrｉtaｂiｌｉｔｙ,anｄsomeparticularlｙseｎsitivepeｏplesｕｆfernausｅａorｅvenmｅntalｄistuｒbance．Anｉmａlｓareaｌsｏａffｅcｔed，parｔiｃularlｙｂeforeｅａrthquaｋes,sｎakeｓhａｖebeｅnobseｒvedtocｏmeoｕtofhibernａｔｉon,ratｓtofleｅfroｍｔheirｂurrｏwｓ,dogshowlanｄｃａｔsjumpaboutuｎacｃouｎｔａbｌy.ＴhiｓhａsｌｅdtheUSGｅoｇｒapｈicａlSurveｙｔoｆｕnｄａnｅｔworｋoｆvoluntｅerstoｗaｔchanimaｌｓｉnaneffｏｒttofoｒeseeｓｕchｄisaｓｔeｒsｂeｆｏretheｙhｉtvuｌnerａbleareaｓsucｈasCalifoｒnia.Cｏｎversely,ｗheｎlargｅnumbeｒsｏfnegａｔiveｉonsarｅpｒesent，ｔhenｐeoplehａｖeａｆeeｌingoｆweｌl－being.Naturalcｏnditionsthatpｒｏducethesｅlaｒｇｅamouｎtsａｒｅneａｒthｅｓea,closeｔoｗatｅrfallｓorfountａｉnｓ,orinanyplacewhｅｒｅwaterｉsspｒaｙed,oｒfｏrmsａspray.Ｔhisｐｒobablｙaccoｕnｔsｆｏｒtｈebｅｎeficialeｆfecｔofaholiｄaybｙthｅｓeａ,orinｔｈemｏunｔainswithｔｕmblinｇstreaｍsoｒwateｒfalls．Ｔoincｒｅasetｈesupplyofnegativeｉonsindoors,somescｉeｎtistsrecommｅndtheuseoｆiｏniserｓ:ｓmallｐortaｂlemachｉnｅｓ,whｉｃhgeneratenegａtiveions.Theyclaimthationisｅrsnotｏnｌycleａnandrefreshｔheaｉrbuｔalsoimpｒoｖetheｈealthofpeoｐlesｅnsitｉvｅtoexcesspｏsitivｅioｎs.Ofcｏurse，thereａｒeｔｈｅdeｔractorｓ，ｏｔｈerscienｔｉｓts,whｏｄｉsmｉsｓsuchclaｉmsandaｒeskｅpticalabｏutneｇaｔive/ｐｏsｉtiveioｎresearch.Theｒeforｅpeopｌｅcanonｌymakeｕptheirｏwｎmindsbyobｓｅrvｉngtｈeeffectsonthemseｌveｓ，ｏronoｔｈｅｒs,ｏfanegａtiverｉchoｒpoｏrenvｉrｏnmｅnt.Afterａｌlｉｔiｓdebaｔablewｈeｔhｅrｄepｅndｉngonseismｉｃｒeaｄinｇsｔｏanｔiciｐａteearｔhquakeｓismoreｅfｆectivethanwaｔchinｇthecat.1.Whaｔeｆfectdoeｓexceeｄｉngpｏsitivｅｉｏniｚationhａvｅｏｎsomeｐeople?ﻫA.Theyｔhiｎktheyarｅinsaｎe.

B．Ｔｈｅｙｆｅelrａｔherbａｄ－ｔｅmperｅdaｎdshｏｒt-fｕsseｄ．

C.Theybecomeｖｉｏｌeｎtlyｓicｋ.ﻫD.Theyaretootｉreｄtodoanythｉng.2.Ｉnacｃordanｃewiththeｐaｓsａge,stａticelｅｃｔricitycaｎｂｅｃauｓedby___.ﻫA.ｕsinghomｅ-madｅｅlｅctricａlｇooｄs.ﻫB.wｅaringclｏthesmaｄeｏfnaturａlmａｔｅｒials.

C.walkingonarｔiｆicialｆｌｏorcｏｖｅrinｇs．

D.copyｉngTVprｏgramsonａcomputer.3.Ahighneｇatiｖeionｃoｕｎｔisｌikelytobefｏund＿__.

Ａ.nearａpounｄwiｔhaｗａterpuｍp.

B.closetｏasloｗ－flowｉｎgriｖer．ﻫC.ｈｉghiｎsomebａrrenｍountains.

D.byａroｔatiｎgwａterｓｐｒinklｅr.４．Whaｔkｉndofｍaｃhinｅｃａｎgｅneｒatenegａｔｉveｉonｓiｎdｏors?ﻫA.Ionisers．

B．Air-conditｉoners.ﻫC．Exhａuｓｔ-fans

D.Ｖａcuumｐumｐｓ．5.Somｅｓｃｉentｉｓｔsbeｌiｅvethat__＿.

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