2023年考研英语真题及答案

20２3年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)SeｃtioｎIUseofEngｌiｓhDｉｒeｃｔionｓ:Readｔｈefollowiｎgtｅxt.Choｏsｅｔhebeｓtwｏrd（s)ｆoreａｃhnｕmbｅredbｌａnｋanｄmaｒkＡ,B，CｏrDontheANSWERSHEET．(10ｐoｉnts)Ｔｒusｔｉｓatrickｙbuｓｉness.Ｏｎtｈeｏnehand，it'saneceｓｓaｒyconｄition1maｎyｗｏｒthwhilethings:chｉｌｄcarｅ,ｆriｅndｓhips,ｅtc.Onthｅotherhaｎｄ,puttｉｎｇyouｒ2,inthｅwｒonｇpｌaｃeoftｅncarrieｓahigｈ3.４,whydｏwetrustaｔall?Welｌ,ｂecauseitfeelｓgoｏd.5peopleplａｃetheirｔrustinaniｎdiｖｉdｕaloraｎiｎｓtiｔｕtｉon，tｈeiｒbｒaｉｎｓreleaseoxytocin，ahormoｎetｈａt6pleasurablefeelingｓandtriggerstｈeherｄｉnginsｔructthａtｐromｐtshumansto7wｉthoneanoｔher.Ｓciｅｎtistｓhａvｅfoｕｎｄｔhａｔexposuｒe8thisｈoｒmｏneputｓusｉnatｒustiｎg9:InaＳwissstudｙ,ｒeｓｅarcheｒssprayedoxyｔocininｔoｔhenｏsesofhalfｔｈeｓubjects;tｈoｓesuｂjectswerｅreadytolｅndsｉｇｎifｉcaｎtlyhｉgheｒaｍountsofｍoneｙtostrangersthaｎweｒｅｔhｅiｒ10wｈoinhalｅｄsoｍｅthiｎgelsｅ.11ｆｏｒus,ｗｅalsohaveaｓixｔhｓｅnｓｅfordｉsｈonestyｔｈａtｍay12ｕs.ACａnａdｉａｎstudyfoｕｎdtｈatｃhildｒeｎaｓyoungａｓ１４monthsｃandifferentｉate13ａcrediblepersｏnandadisｈonestone.Siｘtytoddlersｗereeach１4ｔｏａnaｄulｔteｓterholdiｎｇaplaｓtiｃcｏnｔaiｎｅr.Ｔhetｅｓteｒwouldaｓk,“What’ｓinherｅ?”beｆoｒｅｌooｋｉnginｔｏtｈecontａｉner,ｓmiling,andｅｘclaｉｍing,“Wow！”Eacｈｓｕbｊecｔwａｓｔheninvitedtolook15．Ｈａlｆoｆｔhemfｏundaｔｏy；ｔheotherhａlｆ1６thｅｃontainerwasempｔy－ａndrealiｚeｄｔhetestｅrhaｄ17theｍ.Amｏnｇthechildreｎｗhｏhａdｎoｔｂeｅntricked,tｈeｍａjoｒityｗｅｒe１8ｔoｃooｐeraｔeｗｉthｔheｔｅｓterinleaｒninｇanｅwskｉlｌ,dｅｍoｎｓtratiｎgthａttheｙｔrｕｓtedhｉsleaｄerｓhip.1９,onlyfiｖeofthe30cｈildrenpａiredwithtｈｅ“20”testｅｒpartｉciｐatedｉnafollow-upａctivｉty.1.[Ａ]on［Ｂ]ｌike[C]fｏr[D］from2.[A］faiｔh[Ｂ]ｃoｎcｅrｎ[Ｃ]aｔtentiｏｎ[Ｄ]ｉntereｓt3.［A]bｅnefｉｔ[B]dｅbｔ[C]hｏpｅ[D]priｃｅ4.[Ａ]Therｅfore[B]Then［C]Ｉnｓteａｄ［D]Ａgaiｎ5.[Ａ]Untｉl[Ｂ］Ｕnless［C］Aｌｔhougｈ[Ｄ]When6.[A]ｓelecｔs［B]ｐroｄucｅs[Ｃ]ａｐｐlies[D］maintａiｎs７．[A]coｎsulｔ[B]coｍpeｔe[C］cｏnnect[D］comｐare８.[A]ａt［B]by[C］ｏf[D］to9.[A]cｏntｅxｔ[Ｂ］mooｄ[Ｃ]perｉod[Ｄ]circle10.[A]coｕnterpａrtｓ［B]ｓuｂｓｔｉtｕtes[C］cｏlｌeagｕｅs[Ｄ]suｐporters11.［A］Funny[B］Lucky[C]Odd[D]Iｒoniｃ12.[Ａ］mｏnｉtor［B］pｒotecｔ[C]ｓurｐrisｅ［D］ｄelight1３．[A］betweｅn[B］ｗithiｎ[Ｃ]towarｄ[D]ｏveｒ１4.［A]trａｎｓｆeｒred［B]aｄded[C]ｉntrｏduceｄ[D]entｒustｅｄ15.［A]out［Ｂ]ｂaｃk［Ｃ]aｒound[D]insiｄe1６．［Ａ]dｉscｏverｅd[B]proved[C］insiｓteｄ[Ｄ]．ｒeｍeｍbｅreｄ17.[Ａ]betrayｅd[B]wroｎged[C］ｆoｏled[Ｄ]ｍocked18．［A]foｒcｅd［B]wiｌlｉｎg［C]hｅsitanｔ[D]entitled1９.[A]Inconｔｒaｓt［B]Ａｓaｒeｓｕｌｔ[C]Onthｅwhole[D］Foriｎstancｅ20.［A]infleｘibｌe[B］ｉnｃａｐable[Ｃ]unreliaｂlｅ[D]ｕnsuｉtａblｅSeｃｔioｎIＩReadinｇＣｏｍprehensioｎPartADiｒections:Ｒeadtｈefolloｗingfouｒtｅxts．ＡnｓwertｈequｅstｉoｎsbeｌoweachteｘtbｙｃｈooｓingA，B,CorD.MarkyｏｕｒanswerｓontheＡNSWERSＨEET.（40pointｓ)Texｔ1Amongtheaｎnoｙinｇchalleｎgesｆacingthemｉｄｄｌecｌassisonethatwｉlｌｐrobａblygｏunmeｎｔionedinthenexｔprｅｓiｄｅntiaｌｃａmｐａiｇｎ:Wｈathａpｐeｎswheｎｔｈeｒobotscomｅfortheｉrｊobｓ?Ｄon'tdismｉｓsthaｔpoｓsibiｌiｔyentiｒｅly.AｂouthalfoｆU．Ｓ.joｂsaｒeaｔhighｒiskofbｅingaｕtｏmated,acｃordingtｏａUniverｓitｙｏfＯxｆordｓtｕｄy，ｗiｔhｔhｅmidｄｌeclａssdｉspｒｏportionaｔelysqｕｅｅzed.Ｌｏｗer－ｉnｃomeｊoｂslikeｇａrdeniｎｇｏｒdａycaredon'tappｅａltoroｂoｔs.Butｍanｙmｉｄｄle-cｌasｓoccuｐatioｎs－ｔｒucｋinｇ,fｉｎａnciａｌadviｃe,softwareengineerｉnｇ—haveaｒousｅdtheｉｒintｅｒeｓt,oｒｓoonwｉll.Ｔhｅriｃhownｔｈeroｂｏts，sotheｙwillbeｆine.Tｈｉsｉsn'ｔtobealaｒmist.Oｐtｉmiｓｔｓpoiｎtｏｕtthattecｈnoｌogｉｃalｕpｈeavalｈaｓbeｎeｆiｔeｄｗorkｅｒsintｈepaｓt．ＴｈeIｎduｓｔｒialRevolutionｄidn'tgosoｗellforLudｄitesｗhosejｏｂsweredisplａcｅｄbyｍｅcｈａnｉzedlooms,butitｅventuａｌlyｒaisｅdlivinｇstａndaｒdsａndcrｅａtedmｏrejｏbｓthanitdesｔroｙed．Likeｗiｓｅ，ａutｏmationshoｕｌｄeventuallyboｏｓtpｒoｄｕｃtivｉty,stimulatedｅmandｂydｒiｖingdownｐrices,andfｒeeworkersfｒｏmhard,ｂｏrinｇwork．Bｕtinｔhｅmedｉuｍｔerm，miｄｄle-clａsｓｗorkersｍayneeｄａlｏtofhｅlpａｄjusｔiｎg.Ｔhｅfirsｔsteｐ,asErikBrｙnjolｆssonａndAnｄrｅwMcAfeeaｒgｕeｉｎTheSecondMachｉneAgｅ，sｈouldbeｒeｔｈｉnkinｇeｄucationandjoｂtｒａining.Curｒicｕlums—ｆｒomgｒａmmａrscｈｏoltoｃｏllege-ｓhｏuldevolvetofocuslessｏnmemorｉzingfaｃtｓaｎｄｍｏrｅｏncｒｅａtivityandcompleｘcｏmｍuｎｉｃａtion.Ｖoｃａtｉonalschooｌsｓｈouldｄoａbｅtｔerjｏbｏfblem－solｖｉnｇｓｋilｌsaｎdｈeｌpinｇstｕdentｓworkalongｓidｅrobots.Onｌcatioｎcａnｓupplementｔhetraｄitiｏnalｋｉnd.Itｃoｕldｍaｋeｅxtｒａtｒａiｎｉngａｎdｉnstｒucｔiｏnafｆｏrdａｂlｅ.Pｒofeｓsionalsｔryingtoacquiｒenewｓｋillｓwillbｅableｔｏｄosowithoutgoinｇintｏdebｔ．ＴhｅｃhaｌlengeoｆcopinｇwithautoｍationundeｒliｎestheneedfoｒthｅU.Ｓ.torevｉvｅitsfadｉｎｇbusinessdynamisｍ：Ｓtartingnｅwcompaniｅsｍusｔbｅmadeｅasｉer．Inpreｖiouseｒasofdrａsｔicteｃhnoloｇicaｌｃｈange,entrepreｎeuｒssmｏｏthedｔｈetrａnsitionbydrｅamingｕpｗaｙstocombinｅｌａbｏraｎdmacｈiｎｅs.Theｂeｓｔusesof3Dpｒintersaｎdｖirtuaｌrealｉｔyｈavｅn＇tbeeninｖｅntedyet.ThｅU.S.neeｄsthenewcompaniesthatwilliｎventtheｍ.Fiｎally,becaｕsｅautoｍatiｏnthｒeaｔeｎstｏwidenthｅgapbｅtwｅencａpiｔaｌｉncomeandlaｂorｉncｏme，taxeｓａndtheｓafeｔwｉlｌhaｖeｔoberethｏuｇht.Taｘesoｎloｗ-wagelaborneｅdtobecut,andwagesubsiｄiessucｈaｓtheeａrｎedincｏmetａxcreｄitsｈoulｄbｅeｘpandeｄ:Tｈiswouldbｏｏstinｃomes,ｅncouragｅworｋ,rewardcompaniesforｊoｂcｒeａtion,ａndｒｅduceｉｎequalｉty.Tｅｃhnologywillｉmprovesociｅtyinwaysbigandsmａllovertheneｘtｆewyｅａrs，ｙｅttｈｉsｗｉllbｅliｔｔlecomfｏrttoｔhｏsewhofｉnｄtｈeirliveｓandcａreersupendｅdbyautｏmatiｏn.Destroyingthemacｈinesthatarecomｉngforｏurｊobｓwouldbｅｎutｓ.Ｂutpoｌiｃiesｔoｈeｌpworｋerｓadａptwiｌｌbeinｄispｅnsaｂle.21.Whoｗiｌlbemosｔthreateｎｅdbyautomaｔｉoｎ？［A］Ｌeadｉngpoliticians.[B]Low-wagelabｏrers.［C］Robｏtownerｓ.［Ｄ]Mｉｄdｌe-cｌassｗorｋｅrs.22．Ｗhichoｆtｈefollowingbｅstrｅprｅsenｔtｈeauｔhｏr’sｖiew?[A]Worrieｓabouｔautomaｔionarｅinfａctgroundless.[B]Optｉmiｓts'opiniｏｎsｏnｎｅwtechfindｌittlesupporｔ.[Ｃ］Issuesariｓｉngfｒｏmaｕｔomationnｅedtobeｔaｃkleｄ[Ｄ］Negatiｖeｃonｓeqｕeｎｃｅsoｆnｅwｔecｈcａｎｂeａvoｉded23．Educatｉｏnｉntｈeageofａutoｍａｔionｓhouldputmorｅemphasiｓon［A]crｅａｔivepoteｎｔial.［B］job-hｕntｉnｇｓkiｌls.[C]iｎdivｉdｕalneeds．[D]coopｅrativespiｒｉt．24．Theauthorsｕggｅststhａttaxpolｉciｅsbeaimedat[A］encoｕrａgingthedｅvｅloｐmenｔｏfauｔomatiｏn.[Ｂ]increasiｎｇtherｅturｎoｎｃapiｔalinvesｔment．[C]eａsｉngｔｈehosｔiｌｉtybetｗeｅnriｃhandpｏoｒ．［D］pｒevenｔingｔheｉncomegapfromwiｄｅｎinｇ.25.Intｈistext,theauthｏrprｅｓｅｎtsaprｏbｌemwｉｔｈ[A]oppｏsiｎｇvｉewsonit.［B］ｐossibleｓolutｉonｓｔoit.[C]itｓalaｒmｉｎgimpaｃｔs．[D]itsｍajｏrvaｒiａtｉｏns.Texｔ２AneｗsurｖeybｙHarｖａrdＵnivｅｒｓityfiｎｄsmｏｒetｈaｎtｗｏ-thirdsofyｏuｎｇAmｅriｃａnｓｄisaｐpｒoveofPrｅsiｄｅntTｒump’suseｏfＴwiｔｔer.ThｅimｐlｉcationｉsthatMillｅnnialｓpｒefｅrneｗｓfromtheWhｉｔeHｏｕsｅtobｅfilｔeredthrougｈothersoｕｒce,Notaｐreｓｉdｅnt’ssociaｌmｅｄiaｐlａtfｏrm．MosｔAmeriｃansrelyonsocialmeｄiａtoｃｈｅｃｋｄailyｈeaｄｌｉneｓ.Yetasｄistrusｔhasｒiｓenｔowａｒｄaｌlmeｄia,ｐeoplemaybestａrｔingtｏｂeefuptｈeｉrmediaｌｉteraｃｙskills.Suｃhatrｅｎdisbadlynｅeｄｅd.Dｕringｔｈe2023preｓiｄeｎtiaｌcampａign,neaｒlyaqｕarteroｆweｂcontenｔshａｒedbyTwittｅruｓersintheｐoｌitｉcａllｙcritｉｃａlstａteofMichiｇａnwasfakeneｗｓ,accordingtotheUniversityofOxｆord.AｎdａsurveyconｄｕctedfoｒBuzzFeedＮewsfound4４ｐercenｔoｆＦaｃｅboｏkｕsersｒａrelyorｎeｖeｒtｒustneｗsfｒomtheｍｅdｉagiaｎt.Ｙoｕｎgｐeoplewhoaｒｅｄigｉtalnaｔiｖｅsａrｅindeｅdｂecomｉｎｇｍｏｒeskｉllfｕlatsepａｒatｉngfaｃｔfｒｏｍfｉcｔｉoｎiｎcyberspａce．AKnｉghtFｏunｄaｔionfｏcus-gｒoupｓurvｅyofyounｇｐeopleｂｅtweeｎaｇｅs14ａnd24ｆoundthｅyusｅ“ｄｉstriｂutedtrｕst”tovｅrifystoｒieｓ.Ｔhｅycrosｓ－ｃｈecksｏｕrcesandprｅfernewｓｆrｏｍｄiffeｒentperspecｔives—esｐｅｃiａllytｈosethataｒeopｅnaｂouｔanybias.“Manyyoungpｅｏplｅａssumeaｇreatdｅａlofpersｏnalrｅｓponsibilityｆｏreducatiｎgｔhｅmselvｅsaｎdaｃtiveｌyｓeekiｎgoutｏppoｓingvｉewpoiｎtｓ,”ｔｈesurveyｃoncｌuded.Ｓuchａctivｅｒｅsｅaｒｃhcａｎhaveanothｅrｅfｆeｃt.A２０2３surｖeyｃonduｃteｄｉnAustraliａ,Britain,andtheUｎiteｄSｔａteｓbythｅUnivｅrsitｙofＷisconsin-Ｍadisｏｎfoundｔhatｙounｇpeoｐle’sreｌianceoｎsocｉalmeｄialeｄｔogｒeateｒpolｉｔicalengagｅment．Sｏciａlｍediaａllowsuｓersｔoexpｅｒｉenceneｗsｅｖｅntsmorｅiｎtimatｅlyａndiｍmediaｔeｌywhiｌealｓopermiｔtiｎgthｅmｔoｒe-sｈarenewsasaｐrojeｃtｉｏnoftheirｖaｌuｅsandintｅｒeｓｔs.Thisfｏrｃeｓuserstobeｍoreｃonscioｕsｏｆｔheirroｌeinpassinｇａｌoｎｇinfoｒmaｔiｏｎ.AsurveｙbyＢarｎaｒeｓearchgrouｐｆoundｔhetopｒeasongiveｎbyAmｅricansforthｅfａｋｅnｅwspｈenoｍenonｉs“readererroｒ,”moresoｔｈaｎmade－upstoｒiｅｓｏｒfａctualmiｓtａｋesiｎrｅｐorｔinｇ.Ａboutａthiｒdsaytheproblemｏffａkeneｗsｌieｓｉn“misiｎｔerｐrｅtatiｏnｏｒexａggerａtiｏnofactuaｌnews”viasocialmeｄia.Ｉnoｔherwｏrds,ｔhｅchoicetｏshaｒenｅwsｏｎsocｉalmediaｍaybｅthｅｈｅartoftｈeissｕe.“Ｔhisindicａtｅｓtheｒｅｉsａrealpｅrsｏnaｌresponsibｉlityincounｔeractingtｈｂleｍ,”saysRｏxaｎneStonｅ,editorｉnｃhieｆaｔBaｒｎaGroup.Soｗhｅｎyｏｕｎｇpeopleareｃｒiticalofanovｅr-tｗeeｔｉｎgpresｉdent，ｔｈeyrevｅaｌａmentaldiscｉｐlineｉnthinkiｎｇskills–ａndinｔｈeｉrchｏicesoｎwhｅntosｈareｏｎsoｃialmeｄiａ．２6．AｃcordingtｏｔhｅPaｒagｒａｐhｓ1and２,manyyounｇAmerｉcansｃastdoubtｓon[A]theｊuｓtiｆｉcatiｏnofthenews－fｉlteriｎgpｒacticｅ.[Ｂ]pｅoｐle’sｐrｅferencefｏrsoｃialｍediaｐｌatfｏrｍｓ.［C]ｔheadminiｓtraｔiｏnｓａbｉliｔｙｔoｈａnｄｌｅiｎｆｏrmatioｎ.[D]sｏｃｉａlmediawaｓareliablｅsｏurceｏfnews.27.Thepｈrａsｅ“ｂｅｅｒｕp”（Liｎe2,Para.2)isｃｌosｅstinｍeaningｔo[A]sharｐen［B］deｆｉne[C］boasｔ[Ｄ]sharｅ28．Accordingtｏtｈeｋnigｈtfouｎdatｉｏnsuｒvey,ｙoungpeopｌｅ[A]ｔendｔovoiceｔｈeｉrｏpinionsincybｅrspace.[B]verifyｎeｗsbyｒeferringtodｉverseｒesoｕｒces.［Ｃ]haveｓsｔrongｓensｅofｒesponsｉｂiｌｉty.[D]lｉketｏｅｘchangｅvｉｅwｓｏn“disｔributeｄｔrｕsｔ”29．TｈeＢａrnaｓｕrveｙｆouｎdthａtaｍaincauｓeｆoｒｔhefakeｎewsｐrｏbleｍｉs[A]reaｄｅrｓoutdatｅｄvａlues.[B]ｊournaｌｉstｓ’bｉasedｒeportiｎg［Ｃ]reaｄerｓ’misiｎｔerpreｔaｔiｏn[D]ｊournalists’made-upstoriｅs.30.Whichofthｅｆolloｗingｗoｕｌdｂetheｂesｔtitlｅｆortｈeteｘt?［A]ARｉｓeinCｒiｔicalSkillｓforShariｎgNeｗｓOnliｎｅ[B]ＡＣoｕｎｔeｒａctiｏｎAｇaｉnsｔｔheＯver－tｗeeｔiｎｇTrend[C］TｈｅＡccumulatｉonｏfＭｕtｕalTｒｕstoｎSocialMeｄia.[D]ＴheＰlatｆoｒmsforProjｅctｉonofPeｒsｏnａｌInterests.Tｅxt3Ａｎyfair-ｍiｎdeｄａｓｓessmｅntｏｆthedanｇeｒsoftｈeｄeaｌbeｔｗｅｅnBrｉtain'ｓNaｔionalＨｅaｌthＳerｖice（NHS)anｄDeeｐMindｍuststａrtbｙaｃknｏwledgｉnｇthatboｔhｓiｄeｓmｅanｗell．DeepMiｎdｉsoneoｆtｈeleadｉnｇartificiａlinｔelliｇence（AI）companieｓiｎtｈeｗorld．Thepotentialｏfthｉsｗorkapｐlｉｅdｔｏheａlthcａreｉsvｅrygreat,butitcｏulｄalsｏleadtｏfurtｈercｏncentｒaｔioｎｏfｐoｗerｉｎtｈeｔechｇiaｎtｓ．IｔIsagainstthatbackｇrounｄtｈattｈeinｆormationｃommissｉoneｒ,ElizabｅｔｈDenham，hａｓiｓsｕedheｒdamningverdiｃtaｇainｓtthｅRoｙａlFrｅｅhｏsｐitaltrｕstｕndertheＮHS，whichhａｎdedovertoＤeｅｐMiｎdthereｃordｓｏｆ1.6milｌionpaｔieｎtｓＩｎ2023onｔｈｅbasｉsｏfａvａｇueagｒeementwｈiｃhtoｏkfａｒtoｏｌitｔleacｃouｎtoｆｔheｐatｉenｔs'ｒｉghtsandtｈeｉrexpeｃtａtｉｏnsｏfpｒivacy.DeepＭindｈasａlmostapolｏgｉzed.ThｅＮHＳtrusｔhasmendeditswayｓ.Furtheraｒｒａngｅｍeｎts-aｎdtheremaybemany-betｗeｅntheNHSａndDeｅpMiｎdwillbeｃａrefullyscrutinisedｔｏenｓurｅthａtallｎeｃesｓarypermissｉonshａvebeenaskedoｆpａtientsandａlｌuｎnecessａｒydaｔahａｓbeencｌeaned．Therｅarｅｌeｓsｏnsabｏutinｆoｒmedpatiｅｎtconsentｔoleaｒn.Butｐrivａcyisnｏttheonlyａnglｅinthiscａseａｎdnｏtevenｔhｅmostimportａｎt.MsＤenhaｍchoｓetｏconceｎtratethｅblameonｔheNHStｒust,sincｅunderexisｔｉnｇｌawｉt“controlled”tｈedatａandＤeepＭindｍerｅly“pｒoｃessed"ｉt.Ｂutｔhiｓｄiｓｔｉnctiｏｎｍisseｓｔhepointthａtitispｒocessinｇandaggregaｔion,nｏtthemeｒｅposｓessionoｆｂｉts,tｈaｔｇiｖｅstheｄatavalue.Thegrｅaｔquesｔiｏｎｉsｗhoｓｈouldbｅnefitｆromthｅanalｙsｉsｏfaｌｌｔｈｅｄａtａthatｏurｌivesnowgenｅratｅ.Pｒivaｃyｌawbｕiｌｄｓoｎｔhecｏnceptｏfdａmagetoanｉndividualfｒomidentiｆiaｂleknoｗlｅdgeaｂｏｕttｈem．Thatｍissestｈewaｙthesurveｉｌlancｅｅconomyworｋs．Tｈeｄａtａofａｎｉｎｄiｖidualtheregaｉnsitsvalueｏnｌyｗhenitiｓcｏmｐaredwｉthｔhedatａofcounｔlesｓｍilｌionsmore．Thｅusｅofpriｖacyｌawｔocurbtheteｃhgiａntsinｔhｉｓｉnｓtaｎcｅfeeｌssligｈtlyｍａlａｄapted.Thｉｓｐrａｃｔicedoesnｏtaｄdressｔhereａｌwoｒry．ItiｓnｏtｅnｏughtosaythatthｅaｌｇorithｍsDｅepMindｄｅvelopswiｌｌbeneｆｉtpａtientsandｓaｖelｉｖes.Whatmａttｅrｓisthatｔheywｉllbeｌongtoapriｖaｔeｍonopolywhicｈdｅvelｏpedtｈｅmuｓinｇpｕbｌicresources.Ifsoｆｔwareｐｒｏmｉseｓｔosaveｌiveｓｏｎtheｓcａlｅthaｔｄｕgsnowcａn,bigｄatａｍaybeexpｅctｅｄtｏbeｈaveasａbigpｈａｒmｈasｄone.Ｗearesｔｉｌlatthebeginninｇofｔhisrevoluｔiｏｎandｓｍａｌlｃhoｉcesｎoｗｍayｔurnouｔtｏｈavegｉganｔiｃｃonｓeｑｕｅncｅｓlａｔeｒ.Ａlｏｎgstrｕｇｇｌewiｌlbeneedｅdｔoavoidaｆｕtureofｄiｇitａlfeudａlｉsｍ.MsＤenham'ｓrepoｒｔisaｗeｌcomestart.31.WhaistｒｕeoｆtheａgｒeｅmentbetweentｈeNＨＳandDeｅpMind？[A]Itcaｕsedconflｉctsamonｇtｅcｈgiants.［B]Itfailｅdtoｐaｙdueａｔteｎtｉｏｎｔopaｔient’srights.[Ｃ]Itfellshortofｔheｌatteｒ'sｅxpeｃｔatｉoｎs[D]Iｔpuｔｂoｔhoａdangerｏｕｓsituation.32.ThｅNＨＳtrｕstresｐondeｄtoDenｈａm'ｓverdiｃtwｉth[A]miｓes．［B]toｕghreｓistaｎce．[C]neｃessaｒyadｊuｓtｍenｔs.[D]ｓiｎcerｅapｏlogieｓ.３３.TheauthorarguesｉnParagｒaph2thａｔ［A]pｒivａcyｐrotectionmustbｅsecuredaｔaｌlcostｓ.［B]ｌｅaｋingpatienｔs'dataｉsworｓethaｎsｅｌlingit．[C］makiｎgｐrｏfiｔｓfｒompaｔients＇dataisilｌeｇal.[D]ｔheｖａlｕeofdataｃomesｆrｏmtheｐｒoｃｅssinｇｏfｉt３4．Ａcｃoｒｄｉｎgtothｅlasｔｐaｒａgraph,ｔherｅａｌworryarisingfromthｉｓｄeａｌｉs[A］thevｉcioｕsrｉvalrｙamonｇbigpharｍaｓ．［Ｂ]ｔｈｅineffecｔivｅenｆorcementoｆpriｖacｙｌaw．[C]ｔheuｎcontrollｅduseoｆnｅｗsoftware．［Ｄ］ｔhemonｏpolyofbigｄatabｙｔeｃhgiａnts．35.Tｈｅauthor'sattitｕdetowardｔｈeapplicationoｆAItohｅａｌｔｈcareis[Ａ］ａｍｂiguous.[B]cauｔｉｏus.[C]apｐreciative．[D]contemｐtｕous.Ｔeｘｔ4TheＵ.S.PostａlServicｅ(USPS)continuｅstobｌeedrｅｄink.Ｉｔｒeｐortedanｅｔlｏssof$５.6ｂillioｎforｆｉscａｌ2023，the10tｈstraightｙearitsexｐｅnｓeｓhａｖeｅxcｅededｒevenue.Meaｎｗｈｉlｅ,ithasmorｅtｈaｎ＄12０bｉlliｏninunfunｄedliaｂiliｔieｓ,mosｔｌyfｏreｍployeeheaｌthandretiremｅntcosｔs.Tｈｅreａreｍaｎybaｎkruptcies．Fundａmｅnｔally,tｈeＵSPSisinahｉstoricsｑueezebetwｅeｎtｅchnologicaｌｃhangetｈａtｈaspermanentlydecreaｓeｄdeｍａndforｉtsbｒeaｄ－ａnd-ｂutteｒproｄuct,first-clａssmaiｌ,anｄaｒｅgulaｔorysｔructurｅｔhatdeniｅsｍanagemeｎttｈeflexiｂilityｔoａdｊｕstiｔsoperａｔｉonsｔoｔhenewrealｉｔｙAｎdｉntｅrestgroupsrangiｎgfｒompostaluｎioｎstogrｅeting-cardmakersexeｒｔseｌf-iｎterestedpresｓuｒeoｎtｈeUSPＳ’sultiｍａｔｅovｅrseer-Congress-ｉnsiｓtingthａｔｗhaｔeverelsehａppｅｎｓtｏｔhePoｓtaｌService,asｐｅcｔsｏftheｓtatｕsquｏthｅｙｄｅpｅnｄoｎｇeｔｐroteｃted．Thｉsiswhyreｐeaｔｅdattemｐtsatrefoｒmlｅgiｓlaｔiｏnhavefａiledinrecentyears,leaｖinｇｔhePｏstaｌSeｒviceuｎaｂletoｐayitsbiｌlsexｃeｐtｂｙdeferringvｉtaｌmｏｄeｒnｉzatioｎ.Ｎｏｗcoｍesｗordtｈateveryoneｉnｖｏlveｄ-－-Democｒatｓ，Rｅpubliｃanｓ,thePｏｓtａlＳerｖice,ｔheunionsaｎdthｅsystem'ｓｈeavieｓｔuｓers—hasfｉｎalｌyaｇｒeedonaｐlanｔoｆixthesｙｓteｍ.LegiｓlatioｎismovingtｈｒｏughtheＨouseｔｈatwoｕldsaｖeUSPSａｎesｔimated＄２8.6bｉlliｏnｏveｒｆivｅyearｓ,whiｃhｃouｌｄhelｐｐaｙfｏrneｗveｈicｌes,ａmonｇoｔhｅrsurviｖalmeａｓures．Ｍosｔofｔｈemｏｎeywouldcｏmefroｍａpeｎny－pｅr-letterpermaneｎtrａｔeinｃｒeaseandfromshiｆｔingpostａlｒetirｅesiｎｔｏMediｃａrｅ.Tｈelaｔｔeｒｓｔepwouldlargelyｏfｆｓetthefｉnanｃiａｌburdｅｎofannuallｙｐrｅ－ｆuｎdingreｔｉｒeｅｈealthcａｒe,thｕｓaddresｓingalong-standinｇcｏmplaｉｎtbytheUSPSanditｓｕｎioｎ.IfitcleａrstheＨoｕse，ｔhismeasurewoulｄstillhａveｔoｇetthｒｏughtheSｅnate–ｗｈｅreｓｏmeｏnｅｉsbouｎdtopointoutthａtiｔａｍountstotｈebａｒe，baｒemｉnimuｍnecｅssarytｏkeeptheＰｏstalSeｒｖｉｃeaｆｌｏａt,nｏtcomｐreｈｅnsivｅreforｍ.Therｅ’snochanｇetoｃoｌleｃtiｖebarｇainingatthｅUSPS,amajoｒoｍｉssioncoｎsideｒinｇｔhatｐｅrsonnｅlaccｏuntｓｆoｒ８0perceｎtoftｈeagenｃy’scostｓ.AlsomissingｉｓaｎydiｓcｕｓsiｏｎofeliminａｔiｎgSaturdａｙｌeｔｔerｄelｉvery.Tｈａtcｏｍｍon-sensｅcｈanｇｅeｎjｏyｓwiｄepublicｓupｐｏrtanｄwouldsaｖetheＵＳPＳ$2ｂiｌlｉonperyｅar.Butｐｏstalspｅｃiａｌ－iｎterestgrｏｕpsseｅmtohavekiｌlediｔ,ａtlｅasｔiｎthｅHousｅ.Theemｅｒgiｎgconsenｓusａroｕndtheｂｉｌｌisａsiｇｎtｈatlegislatorsaregettiｎgfriｇｈｔenedaboutapoliticalｌｙeｍbarrassingｓｈort-termcｏllａpseaｔtheUSPS.Ｉtisnot，hｏｗever,asｉgnthattｈey’ｒegeｔtiｎgsｅrｉoｕｓabｏuttransformingtｈepostａｌsysｔeｍｆｏrｔhe21stcentury．36.ThefinａncialprobｌemｗｉｔhｔheUSPSiscausedparｔlyby[Ａ]．itsｕnｂalaｎcedｂudｇｅｔ.［Ｂ].itsｒiｇidmanａgemenｔ.[C］．tｈecostforｔeｃhnｉｃaluｐgradｉng.[D]．thewithdｒawalofｂａnksｕｐpoｒｔ.37.AccordingtoPａraｇrapｈ２,theUSＰSfaiｌstomｏdernizeitｓelfduｅtｏ［A］.theｉnteｒｆeｒereｓtgrouｐs.[B].theiｎａdequatｅfuｎdinｇfromＣoｎｇreｓs.[C].ｔhｅshｒinｋingdemａｎｄforｐｏｓtalservicｅ．[Ｄ］.theiｎｃoｍｐｅtenceｏfｐostaｌunions．３８．Tｈeｌong-ｓｔanｄiｎｇcomｐlaintｂytｈeＵSPSanditsｕnioｎｓｃanbeadｄｒessedby［Ａ].remｏｖingiｔｓbｕｒdenｏfrｅtirｅｅhｅaltｈcａre.[B].makｉngmoreiｎｖeｓtｍenｔｉnnewvｅhiｃｌes．[C］.adｏptiｎganeｗraｔｅ-increasｅmechanism．[D].aｔtraｃtｉngmoｒeｆｉrsｔ-cｌasｓmaiｌuseｒs．３9.Intｈelaｓtｐaｒａｇrａｐｈ,thｅauthorseｅmstovieｗｌeｇislatｏrｓｗiｔh[A]respｅct．[B]toleｒａnｃe.［Ｃ]dｉscontenｔ．[D］ｇｒatitude.４0．Whichofthefollｏwｉnｇwouldbeｔｈｅbｅｓｔtｉtleforｔhｅtext?［Ａ].TｈｅUＳPＳＳtarｔstoMｉｓsIｔsGooｄOldDays[B]．TheＰoｓｔalＳervice:KeepAwaｙfrｏmMyCheese[C].ＴheUＳPS:ChrｏnｉcIｌlｎessReqｕiｒｅｓaＱuｉcｋCｕｒe［D]．TｈePｏstａlＳeｒｖiceNeeｄsMｏrethａnａBａnd－AidParｔBDiｒecｔionｓ：Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawroｎgoｒｄeｒ．ForＱｕestionｓ4１-45,yｏｕarereqｕiredｔoｒeｏrｇaniｚeｔhesｅparagraｐhsiｎｔoａcoherentaｒtiｃlebｙchoosinｇfromtheｌistA-Ｇanｄfilｌｉngtｈｅmｉntothenumberedbｏxes．ParagｒaｐhsCanｄFhaveｂeｅncorrectｌyｐlacｅd.Ｍarkyouran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ｍustreｍemberfuｒthｅrthathosｔsoｆｐlayshavebｅenｌost,andtｈatprｏbablytｈereｉsnoａuthｏｒofnotewｈosｅentｉreworｋｈaｓｓurvｉｖｅd.SecｔionＩIIWritingParｔＡ５1.Ｄirectiｏns：Wriｔeanemａiｌtoalｌiｎternaｔionalexpeｒtｓonｃamｐusinvitingthemtｏａtteｎdthｅｇraｄuatｉoｎceremonｙ．Iｎyouremaiｌｙｏushouldｉncluｄetime,plａceandotherrｅleｖaｎｔｉnｆｏrmaｔｉonａｂoutthecｅrｅｍony．Yｏuｓhouldwriｔｅaboｕt1０0ｗｏrdｓｎｅaｔlyontheAＮSEWERSHEETDonotuseyourownnameａtｔheendoftheemaｉl.Uｓe“LiMiｎg”instead.(10poiｎtｓ)ParｔB52.Direcｔｉons：Wrｉｔeａnessａyof１6０-20０ｗordsbasｅdｏnthepictｕrebeｌow.Iｎyouressaｙ,youshould

writｅneatlyontheＡNWSERＳHEＥT.Ｄoｎotsignyouattheendoftheletｔｅr,ｕsｅ“LｉMing”inｓｔeaｄ.Donotwｒiｔｅtｈeaddreｓs.(10ｐoiｎｔs)20２３年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一)试题答案详解注意:英语试卷为花卷,以答案内容进行核对ＳｅｃｔionIUseｏｆＥnglish1、【答案】［B]fｏr【解析】此处考察介词的用法。ｉｔ’sａｎeｃeｓｓaryconditiｏn＿__＿manyｗortｈwhｉletｈiｎgｓ(信任是一个必要条件_＿＿__许多重要事情)此处应当是说，信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。B选项fｏｒ(对...来说)符合语义,故为对的答案；A选项ｆｒｏm（来自于）,Ｃ选项ｌｉke(像.．.），D选项on（关于）语义不恰当,故排除。2、【答案】［Ｃ]faｉtｈ【解析】此处考察词义辨析和中心一致性原则。第一段首句提出主题句：truｓtｉsａtriｃkybusｉnesｓ(信任是一个奇怪的东西）。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明:Oｎtheonｅhand，it’sanecｅssａrycｏndｉtiｏｎ_＿_foｒ___manｙworthｗhｉｌethinｇs:ｃhildcarｅ，ｆｒieｎdsｈiｐs,etc.(一方面,信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件,比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。Onｔｈeotｈeｒhａnd,pｕttｉｎgyour__＿inthewｒonｇｐｌａceｏfｔencarrieｓahｉｇh____.(另一方面,把．.．放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“tｒｕｓt”，只有Ｃ选项faith(信任、忠诚)与ｔrust属于近义词复现,故对的答案为[Ｃ]faiｔh。３、【答案】［B]ｐricｅ【解析】此处考察词义辨析。第一段首句提出主题句：trｕsｔisatricｋybusiness(信任是一个奇怪的东西）。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：Ｏntheｏnehanｄ，iｔ’saｎecesｓaｒｙｃondiｔion__ｆｏr__mａnywortｈwhiｌｅthｉngs：cｈildcａre,frｉｅndsｈips,eｔc.(一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等）,这句话在说信任的好处。Oｎtheotｈerhaｎd,puｔtingyｏur_＿＿ｉnthｅwrongpｌacｅofｔｅnｃaｒｒiｅｓａhiｇｈ____．（另一方面,把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大．..)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“ｔrust”，并且根据空格所在句中的关键词“ｗrongｐｌacｅ”，本句应当在说信任不妥的弊端,所以空格处应当填入一个负向感情色彩的词,故Ａ选项benｅfit和Ｄ选项hｏpe排除，而Ｃ选项deｂt(债务）带入之后语义不妥,故对的答案为[B]prｉce(代价)。４、【答案】［Ｄ］Then【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。上段讲述的是信任的好处和信任不妥的弊端。第二段段首提出问题：“_＿_＿＿我们为什么要信任”。只有D选项thｅｎ(那么)填入后能形成顺畅的语义和逻辑关系。故对的答案为Dtｈen(那么)。A选项ａgain（再次）表达强调;Ｂ选项iｎsｔeａd(但是、然而）表达转折;Ｃ选项thereｆore（因此)表达结果，不符合规定，故排除。5、【答案】[Ａ]Whｅn【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。空格所在句含义为：＿＿__＿_人们信任一个人或一个组织机构，他们的大脑会释放催产素。只有Ａ选项ｗhen（当..时候)填入后符合逻辑规定，故对的答案为A选项wｈeｎ。其他三个选项B选项unless(假如不）表条件，Ｃ选项alｔhoｕgh(尽管)表让步，D选项until(直到．..)表时间,带入后均语义不通顺，故排除。6、【答案】［C]produce【解析】此处考察动宾搭配问题。上文指出：Whenpｅopleplａcｅtｈeｉｒtrustinan…ｔhｅirbrａｉnｓreleaseoxytocin,aｈoｒｍoｎe．上文指出当人们产生信任感，大脑就会产生一种荷尔蒙，后面是定语从句，句内的动宾搭配，可推知这个荷尔蒙能产生令人愉悦的情绪，并且与后面的ｔrｉggｅr同义复现,因此C.proｄuｃe对的。７、【答案】［Ａ］connecｔ【解析】此处考察上下文信息照应题。上文讲到这种荷尔蒙可以激发一种群居本能,thｅherdｉnginstinctthａtleadssｈｅeｐtoｆｌｏcktｏgetheｒforｓafetｙandpｒｏmotｅ…ｗiｔhｏｎｅａnｏｔｈeｒ，这种本能有两个作用，并用and连接,所以复现同义anｄ前面的flｏｃｋｔogetｈｅr.因此选择Ａ.connｅct8、【答案】[Ｂ]ｔo【解析】此处考察上下语境下的名词介词搭配问题。根据上文的结论,下文实验展开分析,Sｗｉsssｃientiｓtshavｅｆounｄthateｘpｏsuretoｔhishｏrｍoｎｅput