2023年考研英语真题英语一阅读部分

Text1①Inoｒｄerｔo“cｈanｇeｌiｖesfoｒthebetｔer”andreduce“dependency,”GｅoｒｇeOsｂｏrnｅ,ChａnｃｅllｏroｆtheＥxｃheｑuer,iｎtrodｕｃedtｈe“upfroｎｔworｋsearｃｈ”scｈｅme.②ＯnlyifｔhejobleｓsaｒｒiｖeattｈｅjobcentrewithaＣV,regiｓterforoｎlinejobｓearch,anｄｓtarｔloｏkingforworｋwillthｅｙbeelｉgｉｂleforbｅneｆit—ａｎｄthentｈeyｓhoｕｌdｒeportｗeeklyraｔherthanfortnightly.③Whatcouldbｅｍorereａsonａbｌe？①Mｏreapparｅntreａsonableneｓsｆollｏwed.②Tｈerewｉllｎowｂeａseｖen-ｄaywaitｆｏrthejｏｂｓeeker'salｌowance.③“Tｈosefirｓtfewｄaｙsshｏuldbespｅntlookingｆｏrwork,notlookiｎｇtosignon,”hｅclaｉmed．④“Ｗe'ｒedoingｔhesｅthingsbecauｓeweknoｗｔhｅyhelppeoplestａｙofｆbenefitｓandｈelｐtｈoseoｎbenｅfiｔｓgeｔinｔoｗoｒｋｆaｓter．”⑤Ｈeｌp?⑥Rｅalｌy？⑦Ｏｎfiｒstheａrｉng,tｈｉｓwasthｅｓocｉaｌlyconｃeｒnedｃｈancelｌｏr,tryingtocｈangeｌiveｓfoｒthｅｂeｔter,cｏｍｐlｅtｅwｉｔh“rｅforｍs”toanobviｏuｓｌyｉｎdulgentsystｅmthaｔdemanｄstoolittleeffｏｒtfrｏmtheｎewｌyｕnｅmployｅdtｏfinｄｗork,aｎｄｓｕbsiｄｉseslazinｅss．⑧Ｗｈａｔｍotivａteｄhim，wｅwｅrｅｔｏunｄｅｒｓtａnd,ｗａshiｓｚeａlfoｒ“fundaｍｅntalfaiｒｎess”—proteｃtinｇthetaxｐayｅr,cｏntrollingspｅndingandenｓuriｎgthａtonｌythemostdeｓervingclaimanｔsreceｉvedtｈeirbenefits.①Loｓｉnｇajobishuｒtinｇ:youdon'ｔsｋipｄoｗnｔoｔhｅｊobcentreｗiｔhasｏngｉnyｏｕrheart,delｉghtｅｄａtｔｈeproｓpeｃｔｏfｄoubｌinｇｙｏurincomefromtｈｅgenerouｓsｔａｔe.②Ｉtｉｓfinａnciallyteｒrifyiｎg,psychologicallyｅmbaｒrassingａnｄyoｕknoｗｔｈaｔｓｕppｏrｔisｍiniｍalanｄeｘｔｒａordinariｌyｈarｄｔoget．③Youareｎｏwnotwaｎted；yｏｕarenowｅｘclｕdeｄfroｍtheworkｅnｖiｒonｍenｔthａtofferspurposeandstｒuctureiｎyourlife.④Ｗorｓｅ,thecｒｕcialincometofeｅdyｏurselfaｎdyoｕrfamilｙａndpaytｈebillshaｓdisappｅarｅd.⑤Ａskａnｙonｅnewlyunemｐloyedwhattｈeｙｗaｎtａndｔhｅanswｅｒiｓalwａｙs：aｊob.①ButinOsboｒneｌaｎd，yourfiｒstinstinｃｔｉstofallｉntｏdｅpendｅncy—peｒmanentｄeｐeｎｄｅncyifyｏuｃａngｅtit—suｐportｅdbyaｓtaｔeoｎlｙtooｒｅadｙtoindulｇeｙｏurｆalsｅhooｄ.②Iｔisａｓthｏugh20yeａｒsｏfｅver-toughｅrrｅforｍsofｔheｊoｂsearcｈａｎdbｅnefitadmｉｎiｓｔratｉｏｎsyｓtemneｖeｒhａｐpenｅｄ.③TｈeｐｒincｉpｌeoｆBｒitiｓhwelｆareiｓnolongerthatyｏｕｃａｎinsureyouｒselｆagａinsttheriｓｋｏｆunｅmploymentaｎｄrｅceiveunconditionａｌpａyｍenｔｓifthｅｄｉｓasｔerｈappｅｎs．④Eveｎtheｖeryphraｓe“ｊobｓeekｅr'ｓaｌｌowance”iｓabouｔrｅｄｅfiｎinｇtｈeｕｎeｍplｏyeｄasａ“ｊobseｅker”whｏhaｄnoｆｕndamentａlrighttoabenefitｈeｏrｓhｅhaseａrnｅdthrougｈmａｋinｇnationalinsuｒanｃecｏntributｉons.⑤Iｎstead,ｔｈｅclaｉmanｔreceivｅsatiｍe-limiteｄ“ａllｏｗaｎｃe，”condiｔionaｌonaｃtｉvｅlyseｅkiｎgajob;ｎoentitｌemenｔanｄnoinsurance,ａｔ￡71.70aｗeｅk,ｏneoｆthｅｌeaｓｔｇenｅroｕsinthｅEＵ．ﻬ21．GｅｏrｇeOsboｒne'ssｃheｍｅｗasintｅndｅdto＿_＿__＿＿___．[Ａ]provｉｄｅｔｈｅｕnemployｅdwiｔheaｓｉerａｃcesstobenefitｓ[B]encoｕragｅjobseekeｒs＇actｉveeｎgagemeｎｔinｊoｂｓeekｉｎg[C]ｍｏtiｖatetheuｎeｍpｌｏyedtoreｐortvoluｎtaｒily[D]gｕaｒanｔeejobseｅkｅrs'ｌegｉtimateriｇhｔtｏbｅneｆits２2.Tｈephｒａse“tosignon”(Liｎe2,Parａ.2)ｍｏｓtprobａｂｌymeans________＿＿.［Ａ]ｔochecｋontheavailａｂｉｌitｙoｆjoｂsatthejobcentre[B］tｏaccｅptｔhegoｖernment'ｓrestricｔionsｏnthｅａｌlowaｎｃe[C]toregisｔerforanallowanceｆromthegovernmｅnt[Ｄ]ｔoattendaｇoｖeｒnmenｔaｌjｏb-ｔrａiｎｉngpｒｏgram23.Ｗｈａtproｍotｅｄthechancelｌortodevｅlｏphisscheme?[A]Adesiｒｅtosecureａbｅtterlｉfｅforall．[B]Aｎｅageｒnesstｏprotｅｃtｔｈeunｅmｐlｏｙed.[Ｃ］Anurgetobｅgeｎerｏusｔotheｃlａiｍaｎtｓ.[D]Apassioｎtoenｓｕｒefairneｓｓfortａxpａyeｒs．24．AｃｃordingtoParａgraｐh3，ｂeingunｅmployedｍaｋesoｎefeeｌ_＿_____＿＿_.[A]ｕneａsy[Ｂ]ｅnrageｄ[Ｃ]inｓulted[D]guｉltｙ2５.Tｏｗhichoｆｔhefollowｉngwｏuｌdｔｈeauthoｒmosｔpｒｏｂａblyagree?[A］TheBritiｓhwｅlｆaｒesｙstemindulｇesjoｂsｅｅｋers'laziness.[Ｂ]Ｏsbｏrne＇ｓrｅfoｒmｓｗiｌlrｅducｅtｈeriskoｆunemploymenｔ.[C］Ｔhejobseｅkers'alloｗａnceｈasｍetthｅiｒactｕaｌneeｄｓ.[Ｄ]Uｎempｌoyｍenｔbenefｉtｓshoulｄｎotｂemadｅconditｉｏnal.ﻬText2①Alｌaroundtheｗorld,ｌａwyersgｅnｅrａｔemoreｈoｓtiｌitythaｎthemｅmbersofanｙｏtｈerprofeｓsion—wｉththepossibleeｘｃeptiｏnｏfjouｒnaｌisｍ.②ButtheｒeａｒｅfeｗpｌaceswｈerecliｅntshavｅmoregrｏundsforｃomplainｔthanＡmerｉca．①Dｕringthｅdｅcadebｅｆoretheeconｏmiccrisｉs，ｓpendingｏnｌegalsｅrvicesinAmeｒiｃａgrewtwicｅasfastasｉｎｆlａtiｏn．②Theｂｅsｔlawｙersmaｄeskysｃｒapers-fuｌlofmｏney,ｔeｍptｉngｅveｒmoｒesｔuｄeｎtstｏpileintolawscｈooｌs．③Butｍｏｓtlaｗgｒadｕaｔesnevergeｔａｂig-ｆirmjob．④Ｍanyoftｈｅmｉnｓｔeaｄbecomeｔhekindｏfnuiｓａncｅ-lａwｓuitfｉlerthatｍakesｔhｅｔoｒtsyｓｔemacostlｙnｉghtmａre.①Therｅaremaｎyreａsoｎsfｏrtｈis．②Oneｉstｈeexcｅssiveｃosｔsoｆaｌegaledｕｃaｔion.③ＴｈereisjustonｅｐathfoｒalawyｅrinｍoｓｔAmeｒicanｓｔaｔeｓ:afoｕr-yeaｒuｎdｅｒgraduaｔedegreeinsoｍeuｎｒeｌateｄsubjects,thｅnathｒee-ｙeａｒｌａwdeｇreｅatoneoｆ20０ｌaｗｓcｈｏｏｌsauthｏrｉzedｂytheＡｍericaｎBarAssociationaｎdanｅxpｅnsｉｖepｒeparatiｏnfｏrthebarｅｘam.④Thisleavestoday＇ｓaveraｇelaw-ｓchoｏlgraduatｅwｉth＄100,000ofdebtｏntopｏfundergｒadｕａｔedebtｓ.⑤Law－ｓｃhoｏlｄebｔｍeａnsthatmａnyｃannoｔａffoｒdｔoｇointoｇovernmｅnｔorｎon－profiｔwork,andtｈａttｈeｙｈａvetoworkｆeaｒｓomｅlｙhard．①Rｅfoｒmｉｎgthｅsyｓｔemwouldhelpbｏｔhlawyｅrｓandｔheircｕstomers．②Ｓenｓibleidｅａshavebeenaｒｏｕndforalonｇtiｍe,butｔhｅsｔatｅ-leveｌbodieｓｔｈａｔｇoveｒntheｐrofeｓｓｉonhavebｅenｔoocｏｎｓervaｔivetoimplｅmentthｅm.③Oneideaistoalloｗpeoｐletostｕdyｌａwasanundeｒｇrａduaｔedeｇｒｅe．④Anoｔheriｓtｏlｅtstｕdenｔｓｓitforthｅbaraｆｔｅrｏnlytwoｙearｓoｆｌａwschool.⑤Ｉｆthebaｒexamｉstruｌｙａsterneｎoughｔestforawould-bｅlawyeｒ,thｏｓewhｏcaｎsｉtitｅaｒlｉersｈoｕldbealｌｏwｅdtodosｏ.⑥Studｅntｓwhodｏnotneｅdtｈeexｔratｒａiniｎgｃoulｄcuｔtheiｒdｅbｔmountainｂyathｉrd．①Theotherreａｓonwhyｃｏstｓaresoｈｉghistheresｔrｉｃｔｉｖeguilｄ－ｌｉkeｏｗnerｓhipsｔructｕreｏftｈebuｓｉness.②ExｃeptintheＤistricｔｏfColumbia,ｎon-lawyersmａｙnotowｎaｎyshａrｅｏfalａｗfirm.③Tｈiskeeｐsfeｅshiｇhａndiｎnovatｉoｎｓlow.④Ｔhｅreisｐreｓsｕreｆorchaｎgefromwithｉｎtheprofessioｎ,buｔoppoｎｅntｓofｃhangeamongthereguｌatｏｒsinsistthatｋeepiｎgoｕtsiｄeｒsoｕtｏfalawfiｒmisｏlaｔeｓｌawyｅｒsｆroｍthｅpressｕretoｍaｋeｍoneyratherthanserveｃlienｔsｅthicallｙ．①Iｎｆａct，allowiｎgｎon-ｌaｗｙｅｒstoownｓharesinlaｗfiｒmswｏuldreｄuｃecｏｓｔsanｄiｍprｏｖｅｓeｒvicｅsｔocustｏmeｒｓ,byｅncouraginglawｆｉrmｓtouｓｅtechnologyaｎdtｏeｍpｌoyprofeｓsionalｍanａgｅrstｏｆｏcusonimpｒovｉngfｉrms'ｅfｆiciｅｎcy.②Ａｆｔeralｌ,otheｒcountｒies,sucｈａsAustraｌｉaandBｒｉtａin,haveｓｔａrteｄliberaｌizingthｅiｒｌegalpｒofesｓｉｏns.③Ａmeｒicashｏuldfollｏｗ.ﻬ26.Alotofｓｔｕdentｓtakeuplawastｈeiｒｐｒoｆeｓsiondueto____＿_____.[A]thｅgｒowｉngdｅmａndｆrｏｍcｌｉｅntｓ[B]theｉncｒeasiｎｇprｅｓsureofｉnfｌａｔion［C]ｔheprosｐectofworkinginbigfirmｓ[Ｄ]thｅattｒacｔionoffinａncｉalreｗarｄs２7.ＷhｉcｈofｔheｆollowinｇaddｓtothｅcostsｏｆlegａlｅduｃａtioniｎmostAmeｒicansｔatｅs?[Ａ]Higｈerｔuitioｎfeｅsforuｎdｅrgraduaｔｅstｕｄiｅs.[B］Ａdｍisｓｉonsａpproｖaｌfromｔｈebarassociatiｏn.[C]Pursuinｇabachｅlｏr＇sdｅgｒｅｅinanothermajor.[D]Receｉvinｇtｒａinｉngｂyｐrofessionalａssocｉations．28．Ｈiｎｄrancetothｅrｅfoｒmｏｆthelegalsysｔeｍoriginａtesfroｍ___＿_＿＿_＿＿.［A]laｗｙers'ａｎdｃlientｓ＇sｔrongresistａｎｃe[B］thｅｒigidbodｉeｓgｏverninｇｔheｐrｏfesｓion[C]thesternexamｆoｒwｏuld-beｌaｗｙeｒs［Ｄ］non-professiｏnalｓ'sharｐcriticism2９.Theｇuilｄ－lｉkeoｗnershipstructurｅｉscoｎsidered“restrｉctｉve”pａrtlybｅcausｅｉｔ＿＿＿_____＿_.[Ａ]bansoutsｉｄｅrs'ｉnvｏlvｅmentiｎtｈｅprofｅssioｎ[B]ｋeepslawyersfrｏmｈoｌｄｉｎｇlaｗ－firmsｈarｅs[C]aggｒavaｔeｓtheetｈｉｃａｌsituａtｉonintheｔraｄe[D]pｒｅｖeｎtslaｗyersfrｏmgａinｉngduepｒofｉts30.Inｔhｉｓteｘt,theaｕｔhormainlydｉscuｓses＿_________.[Ａ]ｆｌaｗｅｄownerｓhipofAmeriｃa'slawfirmsaｎｄｉｔscａuses［B]thefactoｒsｔｈatｈｅlpmakeasｕccessｆullaｗyｅriｎAmｅrｉｃa[C]aproblemｉｎAｍerica＇slegaｌprofｅｓsionandsolutioｎstoit［D]therｏleofunｄeｒｇｒaduａtesｔuｄｉeｓiｎAmeｒｉca'slegaleｄｕｃationﻬTeｘt3①TｈeUS$3-millｉｏnＦｕｎdamｅｎtalPｈyｓiｃsPｒizeiｓindeedaniｎteresｔinｇexpeｒｉmｅnt，ａｓAleｘandeｒPｏlyａkｏvｓaiｄwhenhｅａcｃeｐtedtｈｉｓｙeaｒ'ｓawardinMarcｈ.②Anditisfarｆｒoｍtheｏnlｙonｅoｆitｓｔyｐｅ．③ＡsaNewｓFｅaｔureartｉcleiｎNatureｄisｃuｓｓes,ａstｒinｇｏfｌｕcratiｖeawardsfｏrreseaｒchersｈａｖejoiｎeｄthｅNobelPriｚeｓinreceｎtｙeaｒs.④Many,lｉketheFuｎdamenｔａｌＰhｙsicsPriｚe,ａｒeｆundｅdfromtheｔelephoｎe-nｕmber-ｓiｚedbankaccountsofInｔernetentrｅpreneｕｒs.⑤Thesebeｎeｆacｔoｒshａvｅsｕcｃｅedｅdiｎtｈeirｃｈoseｎｆｉelds，theｙsaｙ,andtheywanttousｅtｈeirwealthtoｄrawattenｔiontｏｔhosewhohaveｓucｃeededinscｉence.①Whａｔ'snottｏlike?②Ｑuiｔeａlｏt,accｏrdinｇtｏahａｎｄｆuｌoｆscientiｓtsｑuotedinthｅNewｓFeａture．③Youcanｎｏtbuｙclaｓs,astｈｅolｄsayinggoes,andｔheseupstartｅｎtreprｅneurscaｎｎｏtbｕytheirpriｚestheｐｒeｓtigeｏftheＮoｂels.④Tｈenｅwaｗａrdsａrｅａnexeｒciｓeinself－promoｔiｏｎｆorｔhoｓeｂｅｈｉｎdtｈem,sayscieｎtists．⑤Theｙcoｕｌｄｄisｔorｔtheachiｅvｅment－bａｓedsｙｓteｍofｐeeｒ－reｖｉew-ledreseａｒｃh.⑥Theyｃｏuldcｅmeｎttｈｅｓtatusｑuoｏfpeer-revｉｅｗｅdreｓｅａrch.⑦Ｔｈeydoｎｏtfundpeｅr-ｒeｖieｗeｄｒesearｃｈ.⑧Theypｅrpetｕatetｈｅmythofthｅlonｅgenius.①Tｈｅgoａlsoftｈepｒiｚe-gｉｖerssｅｅmassｃatterｅdasthecriticism.②Soｍewanttoshocｋ,otｈerstodraｗpeoｐleｉntoｓｃieｎce,oｒtoｂeｔterｒewardtｈoｓeｗhohavｅｍadetheiｒcaｒeerｓinｒｅsearch.①AsNaｔurehaspoiｎtedｏutbefore，tｈｅrearesomelｅgiｔｉｍaｔecｏnｃernsaｂｏuthoｗsｃienceprizeｓ—bｏthnewaｎdｏld—ａredｉstriｂuｔed.②ＴheＢreaktｈｒoughPｒizｅinLifeSｃiencｅs,launcheｄｔhiｓyｅar，takeｓaｎunrｅprｅｓentativｅｖiewoｆｗhattｈeｌifeｓcieｎｃesinclude.③ＢuttｈｅNoｂｅｌFoｕnｄation'sｌｉmｉtoｆthrｅereｃipienｔsperｐrize,eacｈoｆwｈｏmmustsｔｉlｌbｅlivｉng,ｈaslongbeeｎoｕtgｒownbｙｔｈｅcｏlｌabｏrativenatureoｆmodeｒｎresearｃh—aｓwｉｌｌbedeｍoｎｓtrａtedbyｔheinevitaｂlｅrowoveｒwhoisignoredwhenitcomeｓtoacｋｎｏwｌedgiｎｇtｈｅｄiｓcoｖeryｏfthｅHiggsbosｏn.④TheNｏbelsｗeｒe，oｆcｏurse,thｅｍｓelvｅｓsｅtｕｐｂｙaveryrichｉnｄiｖidualwhohaddecｉｄedwhatｈewanｔeｄｔodowithｈｉsoｗnｍｏnｅｙ．⑤Ｔｉｍe,rａthｅrｔhaｎiｎｔｅntiｏn,hasgiveｎｔhemｌegitimacy．①Asmｕchassomesｃientistsｍaycｏｍplaｉnaｂouttｈeneｗawarｄs,ｔwotｈingsseeｍｃlｅａr.②Ｆirsｔ，mｏsｔrｅsearｃhｅrsｗouldａccｅｐtsｕchaｐrizeiftｈeywｅreofｆｅreｄｏnｅ.③Secoｎd,itissuｒeｌyａgoodthingthatthemoneyandatｔeｎtiｏncoｍetｏsｃiｅnceｒatｈeｒthａngoｅlsｅwheｒｅ．④Itiｓfａirｔoｃrｉｔicｉｚｅandquesｔionthｅｍechaniｓm—thatｉsｔheculｔuｒｅofreseａrch,afterａll—butitisthｅprizｅ-givers'mｏneytodoｗitｈasｔheｙｐleａse．⑤Itiswisetotakesuｃhgｉftswithgｒatｉtudeanｄｇracｅ.

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