中考英语阅读理解长难句分析策略

中考英语阅读理解长难句分析策略及练习一、长难句类型：1.句中出现多个连词，句法关系复杂；2.非谓语动词形式较多；3.含有多个同位语或同位语从句，而且较长；4.从句较多，句中套句；5.主干中穿插多个插入语或从句；6.句中有省略倒装强调等二、分析策略：首先要搞清楚句子的整体结构到底是简单句、并列句还是复合句。方法一：较复杂简单句——找主干成分，即找主谓宾1.ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistopractiseiteveryday.2.Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturingofcleanandsafeproductstheirmainsellingpointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.3.Theactiongrouphasalsofoundacceptablepapermadefrommaterialsotherthanwood,suchasagriculturalwaste.方法二：并列句——找并列连词，分成两个简单句处理1.MissGermaine’smotherlookedanxiousthroughtheweddingandMr.Cordell’sparentsarereportedtobelessthandelighted.方法三：主从复合句——找从属连词，先理解主句1.Awoman’sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage，whileitwasn’tunusualtohearamansaythathedidn’tknowhisfriend’smarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.2.Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedbythepromiseandpotentialofdietproductsthatwehavestoppedthinkingaboutwhatdietproductsaredoingtous.方法四：并列和主从复合句并存——先找并列连词，判断并列成分，再分析主从复合句1.Ihaveknownchangesforthebetterandchangesfortheworse,butIhaveneverquestionedthefactthatwhetherIlikeditornot,changewasunavoidable.2.Sodon’tbesurprisedifyouneverencountersomeoftheexpressionsthatstillappearinschooltextbooks,andnexttimeyouhearsomebodyusingastrangewordyouhaven’theardbefore,youcancomfortyourselfthattheremaywellbeanativespeakersomewherewhodoesn’tknowiteither.方法总结：看标点，找连词，审谓动，定主干三、案例分析：Lonelinesshasbeenlinkedtodepression（抑郁）andotherhealthproblems.Now,astudysaysitcanalsospread.Afriendofalonelypersonwasfifty-twopercentmorelikelytodevelopfeelingsofloneliness.Andafriendofthatfriendwastwenty-fivepercentmorelikelytodothesame.Earlierfindingsshowedthathappiness,obesity(肥胖)andtheabilitytostopsmokingcanalsospreadlikeinfectionswithinsocialgroups.ThefindingsallcomefromamajorhealthstudyintheAmericantownofFramingham,Massachusetts.Thestudybeganin1948toinvestigatethecausesofheartdisease.Sincethen,moretestshavebeenadded,includingmeasuresoflonelinessanddepression.ThenewfindingsinvolvedmorethanfivethousandpeopleinthesecondgenerationoftheFraminghamHeartStudy.Theresearchersexaminedfriendshiphistoriesandreportsofloneliness.Theresultsestablishedapatternthatspreadaspeoplereportedfewerclosefriends.Forexample,lonelinesscanaffectrelationshipsbetweennext-doorneighbors.Thelonelinessspreadsasneighborswhowereclosefriendsnowspendlesstimetogether.Thestudyalsofoundthatlonelinessspreadsmoreeasilyamongwomenthanmen.Theaveragepersonissaidtoexperiencefeelingsoflonelinessaboutforty-eightdaysayear.Thestudyfoundthathavingalonelyfriendcanaddaboutseventeendays.Buteveryadditionalfriendcandecreaselonelinessbytwoandahalfdays.Lonelypeoplebecomelessandlesstrustingofothers.Thismakesitmoreandmoredifficultforthemtomakefriends—andmorelikelythatsocietywillreject（排斥）them.JohnCacioppoattheUniversityofChicagoledthestudy.Hesaysitisimportanttorecognizeanddealwithloneliness.Hesayspeoplewhohavebeenpushedtotheedgesofsocietyshouldreceivehelptorepairtheirsocialnetworks.1.Asanaverageperson,ifyoumake2morefriends,howmanydaysayearmightyousufferfromloneliness?A.48days.B.43days.C.65days.D.17days.2.Whatcanweinfer（推断）fromthepassageaboutlonelypeople?A.Theycanovercomelonelinessthemselves.B.Theywilldecreaselonelinessdaybyday.C.Theyneedhelptogetbacktonormalsociallife.D.Theycanhelpotherstorepairtheirsocialnetworks.3.What’sthebestwaytohelplonelypeopleaccordingtothispassage?A.Bringthemtogether.B.Makefriendswiththem.C.Helpthemstopsmoking.D.Helpthemlooseweight.4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.LonelinessAndSocialNetWorkB.SocialNetworksAndFriendshipC.LonelinessAndDietD.HelpALonelyPerson四、练习Somepeoplelikethefreedomofdrivingtheirowncar.Butothersfinddrivingtobeinconvenientorevendangerous.Luckily,thedriverlesscarswe’veseeninmoviesandTVshowsareonthewayhere.ThefirstdriverlesscartohitthescreenwasHerbie.Herbiecoulddrivebyhimselfandeventalktohishumanfriends.KITTwasanotherdriverlesscarthatappearedonthe1980sTVshowKnightRider.KITTcoulddriveitselfandhelpitsriderMichaelKnightcatchcriminals.

Whilethedriverlesscarsoftodaycan’ttalktous,theydohavemanysimilaritiestotheoneswe’veseenonscreen.Nearlyeverylargecarcompanyisworkingontheirownautonomousvehicle(AV).Tesla,forexample,hasdevelopedadriver-assistancesystemforitscarscalledTeslaAutopilot.

TeslaAutopilotcancompletemanyofthetasksthathumandriversusuallydo.Itcanmakesurethatyourcariscenteredinthecorrectlane(车道),aswellasparkitselfandstopifitthinksthatanaccidentmighthappen.Google’ssistercompanyWaymoseemstobeleadingthewayintheAVarea.Itsself-drivingcarsarealreadybeingusedfortaxiservicesintheUScityofPhoenix.Itusescommoncamerastodeterminedistance,whichallowsthecarstogetaroundwithoutriskofcrashing(撞车).AlthoughcompaniesaremakinggreatprogressindevelopingAV,thereisstillalotofworktobedone.Yearafteryear,companieslikeTesla,GeneralMotors,andToyotapromisethatfullyself-drivingcarswillbecomewidelyavailable.Butnearlyallofthesepromiseshavefallenthrough.Oneoftheproblemsisthatdesigningaself-drivingcarthatissafeandeasytouseismuchharderthanpeoplerealize.Self-drivingcarshavetoanalyze(分析)millionsofdatapointsinordertopreventaccidents.Humansareusedtodoingthis—butdesigninganAIthatcanworklikehumanmindtomakeadecisionquicklyisverydifficult.

However,newtechnologieslike5Gandfastercomputerprocessorswillmaketheprocessfaster.Asthesetechnologiesdevelop,fullyself-drivingcarswillcomeclosertoreality.1．WhatcanTeslaAutopilotdo?A．Itcantalktohumans.B．Itcanchasecriminals.C．Itcanstopatanytime.D．Itcanfinishmanytasks.2.WhatdoweknowaboutWaymo’sdriverlesscars?A．TheyareusedastaxisinPhoenix,US. B．Theyrequirehumanbackupdrivers.C．Theyusecamerastodiscoverothercars. D．Theycrashintoothercarsfromtimetotime.3．Whatisthestorymainlyfocusedon?A．Reasonsforinventingdriverlesscars. B．Thedevelopmentofdriverlesscars.C．DriverlesstechnologyinTVandmovies. D．TVshowsthatfeatureadvancedtechnology.4．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A．Thereisstillalongwaytogoindevelopingautonomousvehicle.B．Thefirstdriverlesscarcoulddrivehimselfbutcouldn’ttalktohumans.C．Waymo’sself-drivingcarsarealreadybeingusedfortaxiservicesintheUS.D．Almosteverymajorcarcompanyisworkingontheirownautonomousvehicle.5．Itcanbeinferred(推断)fromthepassagethat_________.A．fullyself-drivingcarswillbeputintouseinthefutureB．self-drivingcarshavebeenwidelyusedinourdailylifeC．self-drivingcarswillbesoldatmuchhigherpricesthannowD．fullyself-drivingcarsthataresafeandeasytouseareavailablenowArerobotsgoingtotakeovertheworld?Thiswasoneofthebiggestfearspeoplehadaboutthedevelopmentoftechnology.Butsincethen,thosefearshavebeenlargelyreplacedbyCOVID-19.Now,moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtoregardrobotsasausefulwayforsocialdistancingproblems.Robotshavebeenusedforyears,eventhoughyoumightnotconnectthesetaskswithrobotsATMsinbanksarecommonexamplesofeverydayrobots.Therearemanycompaniesusingrobotsevenbeforethepandemic(疫情).Robotshavealsobeenusedfortasksconsidereddangerous.AmongCOVID-19conditionsnewrobotsarebeingtestedinmanyfields.AtMcDonald'sandotherfast-foodrestaurants,robotsarebeingtiedaswaitersandevencooks.Restaurantsareusingrobotstosendtheirfoodsafelytohomesofoldpeoplebecausethey'reathighriskfromCOVID-19.Disinfection(消毒)robotshavebeendevelopedtofightagainstCOVID-19inQingdao,ShandongProvince.Theycanreplacehumanbeingsincarryingontheresponsibilityofdisinfection.Thesenewlydevelopeddisinfectionrobotshavebeenputintooperationsinthequarantinewards(隔离病房)ofsomehospitals.Theargumentsagainstrobotsincludethelossofhumanjobsandtheideathatmachinescouldcontrolo