中考复习宾语从句

宾语从句核心提示：宾语从句是主从复合句中最常见的从句之一。它作及物动词、介词或者某些形容词的宾语，涉及到引导词、语序、时态等多方面的内容。一.宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that(that常可省略),whether,if代词：who,whom,whose,what,which副词：when,where,how,why等。1.语序宾语从句必须采用陈述语序。何为陈述语序？它是和疑问语序相对的，见下面对比：（1）DoyoulikeEnglish?其基本结构为：助动词+主语+谓语动词+宾语+其他？在“（Tomaskedme）if/whetherIlikedEnglish.”中，相对应的从句语序为：引导词+主语+谓语动词+宾语+其他（2）HowwillyougotoBeijing?其基本结构为：疑问词+助动词+主语+谓语动词+宾语+其他?在“（Tomaskedme）howIwouldgotoBeijing.”中，相对应的从句语序为：引导词+主语+助动词+谓语动词+宾语+其他可以看出，疑问语序中，助动词要放在主语之前，而在陈述语序中，有时没有助动词，如果有的话要放在主语之后。(3)宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。E.g.:1.Idon’tknowwhattheyarelookingfor.2.Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?3.Canyouimaginewhatkindofmanheis?4.Couldyoutellmewherethenearestbathroomis?2.宾语从句的时态(1)当主句时态为一般现在时、现在进行时或一般将来时等“现在时范畴”的时态时，宾语从句的时态根据需要来用，不受主句影响。Iwanttoknowwhattimehegotupthismorning.Hewilltellusthathehasbeenabletolookafterhimself.Theyaresayingwhethertheyreallylikethecity.(2)当主句时态为一般过去时时，宾语从句要用相应的过去时态。Katesaidtherewasaboxunderthedesk.TheyaskedwhatTomwasdoingthen.Shewantedtoknowwhetherthetrainhadgone.(3)当宾语从句表述的是一个客观真理、自然现象或者谚语时，其时态不受主句时态的影响。Tomaskedwhetherlighttravelsfasterthansound.Tomsaidthatnonewsisgoodnews.在做关于宾语从句的题目时，考生可以从时态入手直接排除两个干扰项；也可以从语序入手直接排除疑问语序的两个干扰项，再从时态着手排除第三个干扰项。例如以下两题：1.—Couldyoutellme?—Justgostraight.It’sonyourright.A.wherethepostofficeis B.whereisthepostofficeC.wherethepostofficewas D.wherewasthepostoffice解析：本题主要考查宾语从句的语序和时态。我们可以从语序或者时态入手。从时态的角度来说，虽然主句couldyoutellme的情态动词是could，但是could在此只是为了表达更加委婉的语气，和一般过去时无关，而且从语意上讲，很显然问话人想知道现在邮局在哪儿，故排除C、D两项，在A、B两项中选择；再从语序来看，宾语从句应该用陈述语序，符合的选项为A，故本题的正确答案为A。2.—DoyouknowtheCapitalMuseum?—NextMonday.A.whentheywillvisit B.whenwilltheyvisitC.whendidtheyvisit D.whentheyvisited解析：和上题一样，本题主要考查宾语从句的语序和时态。我们可以从语序或者时态入手。从语序方面来说，只有A、D两项正确，排除B、C两项；由时态标志词nextMonday可以看出正确答案为A。【即学即用】(1)Didyoufindout______?A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingforC.whosechildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingfor(2)Areyouinterestedin_____?A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdidit(3)Idon’tknow_____.Canyoutellme?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare(4)Whatdidthescientistsay?Hesaidhewonderedif_____intospacebyspaceshiponeday.A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly(5)Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme____?A.WherethebanknearestB.whereisthenearestbankC.wherethenearestbankisD.thenearestbankiswhere(6)SheaskedTom________withhiscar?A.whatthematterwasB.whatthematterisC.whatwasthematterD.whatisthematter3.that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。例句：Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.注意事项：①主句的主语是第一人称，②主句是一般现在时，③主句的谓语动词是think,consider,believe,suppose,expect等表示心理活动的词，(三个条件必需同时满足)，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例句：Idon’tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.Idon’tbelievehewillkeephisword.【名师点睛】在以下情况中that不能省略1).当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewasaskednottotellyou.2).当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。例句：JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoat.Wehope,onthecontrary,thathewillstayathomewithus.3).当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例句：Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.HetoldmethathewasleavingforJapan.4).一些动词(find,feel,consider,make,believe,think)等后面有宾语补足语的时候则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置,此时that也不能省略。例句：Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomeworkontime.WethinkithighlyprobablethathehassettleddowninAmerica.4.由whether,if引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。例句：Iwonderwhether(if)theywillcometoourparty.【名师点睛】只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句1.在带to的不定式前例句：Wedecidedwhethertowalkthere.2.在介词的后面例句：I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm.3.在特殊动词后面的宾语从句时例句：Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingnextweek.4.直接与ornot连用时例句：Ican’tsaywhethertheycancomeontimeornot.5.whether置于句首时，不能换用if。例句：Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay．这是否真的我说不上来。6.若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。例句：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook．只能用if不能用whether的情况1.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句：Thestudentswillgoswimmingifitissunny.2.引导状语从句evenif（即使）和asif（好象）时例句：Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.【即学即用】(1)Idon’tknow___________ornot.A.whetherheisathomeB.ifheisathomeC.thatheisathomeD.whetherisheathome(2)Thisdependson_________theweatherisfine.A.whichB.whetherC.ifD.that(3)Theteacheraskedthenewstudent________classhewasin.A.whichB.whereC.ifD.that(4)Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.He’llhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where(5)Becareful!Don’tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear______Isaid?David?Yes,MumA.whatB.thatC.whyD.if(6)Doyouknow_______MrBlack’saddressis?HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof______.A.where,whichB.where,whatC.what,whichD.what,where介词+宾语从句名词性从句可以作为介词的宾语从句的引导词多为whether或者特殊疑问词Tomwouldtellmenothingaboutwhathewaswriting.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwegotoapicnic.【名师点睛】：

1).介词+that从句中，that不能省略Yourcompositionisquitegoodexceptthattheorganizationisabitloose.Besidesthatheexplainedthetheoryhegaveussomeexamples.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IcouldnothavebelieveditbutthatIsawitwithmyowneyes.(butthat要不是，若非)2).表示情感的adj+that从句，that也不能省略I’msurethatourteamwillwin.I’msorrythatIwaslateagain.常见的可以接宾从的形容词:sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised,sorry.6.宾语从句中的反意疑问句I).若反意疑问句的陈述部分为I/wethink（believe，suppose，consider）＋that从句时，问句部分的助动词和主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。eg.1.Ithinkthathehasdonehisbest,hasn'the?2.WethinkthatEnglishisveryuseful,isn'tit?3.Idon'tthinkthatyoucandoit,canyou?4.Wedon'tbelievethatthenewsistrue,isit?II).反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语＋think(believe，suppose，consider)+that从句时，问句部分的助动词和主语与陈述部分的助动词和主语保持一致。eg.1.TheyallthinkthatEnglishisveryuseful,don'tthey?2.Hedidn'tthinkthatthenewsistrue,didhe?三.宾语从句的特点（主现从随便,主过从必过,真理永一现）1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。4.whether和if都可引导宾语从句，但whether后可紧跟ornot；whether从句可作介词的宾语。5.如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.链接高考1．—Whatdidyouparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?（06全国Ⅱ）—Theyalwaysletmedo________IthinkIshould．A．whenB．thatC．howD．what2.Pleaseremindme____hesaidhewasgoing．Imaybeintimetoseehimoff．(06全国Ⅰ)A．whereB．whenC．howD．what3.Marywroteanarticleon________theteamhadfailedtowinthegame．(05全国卷)A．whyB.whatC．whoD．that4．Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee________．(2000上海)A．whoisheB.whoheisC．whoisitD.whoitis--Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.(NMET1990)--Whatdoyouconsider_______toher?A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.Happening【过手训练】1.Pleasetellme___.Ihavesomegoodnewsforhim.A.whereRobertlivesB.wheredoesRobertliveC.whereRobertlivedD.wheredidRobertlive2.Wedon’tknow____.ItissaidthathewasborninCanada.A.whatheisB.whenhewasbornC.wherehecomesfromD.ifheliveshere3.—MayIcomein?I’msorryIamlate.—Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme______?A.whyyouarelateagainB.whatwereyoudoingthenC.whoyoutalkedwithD.howdoyoucametoschool4.Couldyoutellme________?A.WhenwillMarycomebackB.WhenMarycomesbackC.WhenMarywillcomebackC.WhendoesMarycomeback5.—Whatdidyousayjustnow?—Iasked_______.A.thatIcouldopenthedoorB.couldIopenthedoorC.howcouldIopenthedoorD.howIcouldopenthedoor6.—Doyouknow________,Mike?—OnMay12th,2008A.whentheearthquaketookplaceinWenChuanB.whendidtheearthquaketakeplaceinWenChuanC.whentheearthquakewilltakeplaceinWenChuanD.whenwillearthquaketakeplaceinWenChuan7.Canyoumakesure__?Sorry,Ican’t.ButIdidseeherjustnow.A.wheredidshegoB.whereshehadgoneC.whereshehasgoneD.wherewillshego8.Whatdidyourparrotsay,Bill?--Itaskedus______.A.whatwastheweatherlikeB.whattheweatherwaslikeC.whatdoestheweatherlikeD.whatdidtheweatherlike9.Iwantedtoknow_________.A.whatdidhesayB.whydoesshegotobedlateC.whyshewenttobedlateD.whyshegoestobedlate10.Heisnotsure_______towatchTVorgotobed.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD./11.Mikeisthinkingabout___hisparentswillseehimtoday.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD./12.Idon’tknow_______hewillcomeornot.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD./13.Couldyoutellme___________it.A.whatcanIdoB.howcanIdoC.whattodoD.howtodo14.Couldyoupleasetellme___?It’snexttothepostoffice.A.wherethesupermarketisB.whereisthesupermarketC.wherewasthesupermarketD.wherethesupermarketwas二用所给词的适当形式填空1.Theradiosaysit_________cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything____________well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey__________(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_____membersofthePartysince1948.(be)6.Heaskedwhatthey__________ateightlastnight.(do)7.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_____________fasterthansound.(travel)8.Ithinkyou__________abouttherelayracenow.(talk)9.Ididn’tknowwhomtheletters_________from.(be)10.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_____________theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth____________(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_______________awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_______________toBeijingseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_____________intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey____________yesterday?(do)三将下列句子合并为一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.四句型转换1.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.(改为否定句)I_______________this________agoodidea.2.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.(改为复合句)Lucyhasn'tdecided________________________buy.3.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.(改为简单句)Idon'tknow________________________tothehospital.4.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?(改写句子)Couldyoutellus_______Mr.Brown________livinginChina?5."Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.(变为复合句)Heaskedme_________thegirl_________somehelp6.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.(改为宾语从句)Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.7.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用notuntil改写)They__________gohome_____________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework8.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为宾语从句)LiLeiwantstoknow_____________Peter___________hereyesterday.五、宾语从句中引导词的用法一.1.陈述句由_______引导。在句中无词汇意义在从句中不能充当成分在口语和非正式用语中往往可以_______。2.由一般疑问句演变而来的宾语从句由___________引导意思是“______”。宾语从句要用_______语序。3.由特殊疑问句演变而来的宾语从句由______引导。宾语从句要用______语序。二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是__________.即连接词+_______+_______+其他成分三、宾语从句的时态1、主句是一般现在时从句根据实际情况使用__________.2、主句是过去时态从句须用过去时态的某种形式。3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时不管主句用任何失态从句用______________。【巩固提升】1.【2019•江苏省无锡市】You’venoidea____________tobuildanewairport.Letmetellyou,youngman.That’sbillionsofdollars!A.howmuchitwillcost. B.howlongitwilltakeusC.howmuchwillitcost D.howlongwillittakeus2.【2019•江苏省镇江市】—DoyoubelievethathumanscouldliveonMars?—Idon’tthink____________.A.ifitcomestrue B.thatitwillcometrueC.whyitwillcometrue D.howdoesitcometrue3.【2019•云南省昆明市】InordertotakeapleasanttriptoKunming,Daveemailedmetoask____________.A.whatwasKunmingmostfamousforB.whatKunmingwasmostfamousforC.whetherissummeragoodtimetocomeD.whethersummerisagoodtimetocome4.【2019•四川省遂宁市】Couldyoutellme____________?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijing B.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing C.whentheywillleaveBeijing D.whentheywouldleaveBeijing5.【2019•四川省达州市】—Linda,couldyouremember__________?—HaveyouforgottenweagreedtogotoHongkong?A.wherearewegoingafterexam B.wherewearegoingaftertheexam C.wherearewegoingtoaftertheexam D.wherewearegoingtoaftertheexam6.【2019•青海省中考】—Idon’tknow__________wewillgo.—Whynot？Wewillgotothebeachforapicnic.A.Where B.When C.how7.【2019•内蒙古呼和浩特市】Shewassoangryat__________hewasdoing__________shewalkedoutwithoutaword.A.what;thatB.that;whatC.what;whatD.that;that8.【2019•湖南省湘潭市】—Canyoutellme__________onFather’sDay?—Guesswhat?WellIwroteapoemformydad.A.whendidyoushop B.whereyougo C.whatyoudid9.【2019•湖南省邵阳市】—Couldyoupleasetellme__________mooncakestraditionallyinChina,LiHua?—DuringtheMid-autumnFestival.A.whenpeopleate B.whenpeopleeat C.whendopeopleeat10.【2019•海南省中考】—Sandy,doyouknow__________?—Yes,somenewsaboutblackholes.A.whatTomissearchingfor B.whatisTomsearchingfor C.whoTomissearchingfor1.（湖南省长沙市2017—2018师大附中教育集团九年级下英语第二次联考）—Couldyoupleasetellme_____________?—Letmesee.Intwentyminutes.A.howoftenyougotoyourgrandpa’shouseB.howsoonthemeetingwillbeginC.howlongittakesfromyourhometoschool2.（湖南省醴陵市青云学校2017届九年级上学期期中）—Excuseme.Doyouknow_____________Icanbuysomemedicine?—Sure.Thereisasupermarketdownthestreet.A.when B.where C.what3.（安徽省蚌埠市固镇县第三中学2018届九年级上学期第一次月考）—Doyouknow_____________the2020SummerOlympicGameswillbeheld?—Yes.InTokyo,Japan.A.when B.how C.why D.where4.（安徽省亳州市利辛县2018届九年级10月月考）—Couldyoupleasetellme_____________gettoChaohuEastStation?—Youcanrideabike.A.whenwecan B.howwecan C.whencanwe D.howcanwe5.（江苏省南京市2017年中考模拟）—Excuseme,couldyoutellme_____________?—There’sane-shoponthethirdfloor.Youcanmakeitthere.A.howtoarrivethee-shop B.howcanIgotothee-shopC.whereIcanhavemyMP4repaired D.whichwasthewaytothee-shop6.（辽宁省鞍山市第二十中学2017届中考模拟）—Canyoumakesure_____________?—Sorry,Ican’t.A.whenwillshearriveB.whethershewilljoinusornotC.whyshewouldspeakinthemeetingD.wherecanshehaveadiscussionwithme7.（江苏省南京市高淳区武家嘴实验中学2016-2017学年九年级3月月考）—Thelightinhisroomisstillon.Doyouknow_____________?—Toprepareforthecomingexam,Ithink.A.ifheworkshard B.whyhestaysupsolateC.whyishesobusy D.whenhewillstopworking8.—Lucy,IhearthenewTVtowerisfantastic.Doyouknow_____________?—Sure!TaketheNo.8bus,andyou’llfindit.A.howfaritis B.whereisitC.howIcangetthere D.whichbusshouldItake9.（江苏省泰兴市实验初级中学2017届九年级下学期3月月考）I’mnewhere.Couldyoutellme_____________?A.whendidAmyleavehere B.howlongMilliehasbeenmarriedC.whethertheearthwasroundornot D.howoldisMr.Wu1.Nobodyknows________tovisitourschool.A.whenwillhecome B.whendoeshecomeC.whenhewillcome D.whenhedoescome2.Youshouldstickto________youhavebegun.A.whenever B.nomatterwhat C.since D.whatever3.Youhavespenttoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.That’s________youreyeshurt.A.why B.how C.what D.when4.Theteacheraskedus________.A.whendidIfinishmyworkB.whydidn’twetellhimaboutitearlierC.whatwewereinterestedinD.wherewearegoingtohaveourlunch5.—Jack,couldyoutellme________?—Sure.InthepostofficeonGreenRoad.A.whereyouboughtthestamps B.wheredidyoubuythestampsC.whenyouboughtthestamps D.whendidyoubuythestamps6.—I’msorryI’mlate.—Couldyoutellme________?