六年级下册英语讲义语法专项之情态动词

小升初辅导讲义课题情态动词用法总复习教学目标通过情态动词的复习与训练，掌握其中重要考点并且灵活运用。教学内容学习目标情态动词是一种特殊的助动词，具有下列特征：1.情态动词具有一定的词义，能表达某种看法；如：can能，may可以，must必须，need需要，等等；2.情态动词不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词的原形一起构成复合谓语；如：Youcanstayherebefore5:000’clock.你可以在这呆到五点钟。Wemusthaveatalkrightnow.我们现在就必须谈谈。3.情态动词无人称变化，即任何事物做主语对情态动词来讲都无变化。但是情态动词有时态变化。时态变化会在以后分单词讲解，此处仅以can为例，看看人称对情态动词是否无影响：如：Icandanceverywell.我舞跳得很好。Hecanplaybasketballprettywell.他篮球打得很好。Iknowyoucanplaythepianofairlywell.我知道你钢琴弹得很棒。Theyallcanswimquitewell.他们游泳游得相当好。I.can学习目标1.情态动词can常用来表示人或事物的能力，译作“能”或“会”。can的过去式为could;如：Icanplaybasketball,butIcan't/cannotplaythepiano.我会打篮球，但不会弹钢琴。CanyouspeakChinese?你会讲中文吗？2.情态动词can也常用来表示“允许”。could和may也可以表示许可，但语气更加客气一些。如：May/Could/CanIcomein?我能进来吗？Youcan'tplayfootballhere.你（们）不能在这儿踢足球。3.情态动词can也可以表示可能性，多用于疑问句中。用否定形式can't表示可能性时，表示对某事很有把握。如:Canitbetrue?这是真的吗？JimjustcalledmefromNewYork.Hecan'tbeinParisrightnow.吉姆刚从纽约给我打来电话。他现在不可能在巴黎。难点突破beableto与can的比较1.beableto也表示能力，含义相当于can，且意思接近，一般情况下可通用。Hecanrideabicycle.他能骑自行车。如：Heisabletorideabicycle.2.若比较二者区别，can一般指人或事物天生具有的能力，而beableto则指通过后天的学习和练习获得的能力。如：Hecouldn'tswimbefore，butnowheisabletoswimalittle.他原来不会游泳，不过现在会一点了。3.beableto不能表示对可能性的推测。另外，beableto与can相比，有更多的时态形式。Ⅱ.May学习目标1.情态动词may常用来表示“请求”或“许可”。但是语气比can更客气些。如：MayIspeaktoPeter?我可以和彼得说话吗？2.情态动词may也可以表示可能性，但把握不大。这时may可被其过去式might代替，但把握更小，语气也更婉转。如：ThispuppymaybeJane's.这可能是简的小狗。Shemay/mightgowithus.她可能会跟我们去。难点突破请注意May…？疑问句的回答方法。这一类句子没有固定的回答方式，现将常用回答归纳如下：例：Maylwatchtelevision?我可以看电视吗？Yes，youmay.是的，可以。．No，youmaynot.不，不可以。No，youcan't.不，不行。No，youmustn't.不，不许。Sure./Certainly./Ofcourse.行啊。OK./Allright./Noproblem.行，没问题。Ⅲ.must学习目标1.情态动词must用来表示“必须”或“应该”，语气强硬。如：Youmustfinishyourhomeworkrightnow.你必须现在完成家庭作业：2.must的否定形式为mustnot，缩写为mustn't，意为“不许”或“严禁”。如：Hemustn'tsmokeintheroom.他不能在房间里吸烟。Youmustn，ttalktoyourmotherlikethat.不许你这样和母亲说话。3.must的过去式仍为must，拼写方法不变。难点突破请注意Must…？疑问句的回答方法。Must.？表示某人或某物必须如何。现分肯定回答和否定回答两种情况说明。如：MustIstayhereuntil5:00o’clock?我必须要在这儿呆到五点钟吗？1.肯定回答：Yes，youmust.是的，你必须等到五点才能走。如果语气稍微客气点，也可以说：Yes，I'mafraidyouhaveto.是的，恐怕你是得等到五点钟（才能走）了。2.否定回答：No，youneedn't.或No，youdon't．haveto.不，不必（不需要）。注意：不能用mustn't来回答用must提问的问题。因为‘回答“No，youmustn't.”意为“不，不许。”与原问题不匹配。Ⅳ.need学习目标1.need是一个特殊的情态动词，意为“需要”。它不仅能作为情态动词使用，还能充当一个实义动词。如：NeedIdomyhomeworknow?我必须现在做家庭作业吗？Whatdoyouneed?你需要什么？2.need用作行为动词时，用法与其它行为动词相同。如：Youdon'tneedtofinishitrightnow.你不用现在就完成它。Weneedtohaveabreak.我们需要休息。Dotheyneedtoknowthis?他们需要知道吗？3.need作为情态动词时，其过去式为need。但need作为实义动词时，其过去式为needed.如：I'msorryIneedansweraphonecall．SOIcouldn'ttalkwithyouyesterday.抱歉我昨天要听电话，没能跟你好好谈谈。Youdidn'tneedtosendmemybookbyyourself.你不必亲自把我的书送来的。难点突破请注意Need…？疑问句的回答方法。Need…？表示某人或某物是否需要做什么。现分肯定回答和否定回答两种情况说明。如：NeedIrecitethetextbeforegoinghome?我需要在回家之前背出课文来吗？1.肯定回答：Yes，youmust.是的，你必须背出来才能走。如果语气稍微客气些，也可以说：Yes，I'mafraidyouhaveto.是的，恐怕你是得背出来（才能走）了。2.否定回答：No，youneedn't.或No，youdon'thaveto.不，不必（不需要）。自我测评口头练习1.说出下列情态动词的否定形式，看看它们是否有缩略形式？can,may,must,need2.回答下列问题MayIuseyourbike?MustIgotobedbefore9:00o'clock?Sally,canImakeaphonecallhere?NeedIcallhimnow?Canhebeapostman?Keys:1.can~cannot/cannot~can'tmay~maynotmust~mustnot~mustn'tneed~neednot~needn't2.略。()(1)A.Youneed. B.Yes,youmust.C.Youneedto. D.No,youcan't.()(2)A.That'sallright. B.Thankyou.C.Certainly. D.Yes,youmay.()(3)A.Yes,Ican. B.No,Ican't.C.Sure,hereyouare. D.Someanimals.()(4)A.No,shedoesn'thaveto.B. Yes,shecancook.C. No,shemustn't.D. Yes,shelikescooking.()(5)A.Ofcourse. B.That'sall.C.No,thanks. D.Thankyouverymuch.( )(1)JohnandPeterarebrothers.( )(2)Johncan'tswimwell.( )(3)Johncanplaytennisnow.( )(4)Petercanplayfootball.( )(5)Peterneedsabasketball.Keys:1.(1)B(2)C(3)D(4)A(5)A2.(1)F(2)F(3)T(4)T(5)F书面训练1.连词成句(1)speak,in,everyone,school,English,our,can(2)your,may,use,bicycle,I?(3)room,must,Eddie,his,clean(4)stay,you,I,with,need?2.选择最佳答案( )(1)CanIyourtelephone?A.touse B.using C.use( )(2)We finishtheworkintime.Weneedmoretime.A.canB.mayC.can't( )(3)Thetrainisleavingin5minutes.Wehurryup.A.can B.must C.mustn't( )(4)—Mustwedoexercisesontheplayground?—Yes,you .A.must B.mustn't C.needn't( )(5)—MusttheywritethecompositioninEnglish?—No,they .A.mustn'tB.needC.needn't( )(6)You doitbyyourself.Nobodyelsehelpyou.A.need...mayB.must...can C.can't...need( )(7)Henry'sfatherisadoctor.Hebeafireman.A.must B.can C.can't( )(8)Canacrocodile?A.swims B.swim C.swimming3.按要求写句子(1)ImustreadEnglisheverymorning.(改成否定句)(2)Wendy'sauntcanplaythepianoverywell.(对划线部分提问)(3)MayIborrowthisbook?(肯定回答)(3)Canyougoshoppingwithusnow?(否定回答)4.改错题。选出有错的选项，将其代号填入括号，并在横线上写出正确答案(1) —Musthegoalone?—No,hemustn't. ( ) A BCD(2) Canwegoingtothesupermarkettogether?() ABC D(3) Hemaybeapostman,buthecan'tbeamanager.() ABCD(4) Nobodyneedthispairofscissors.() ABCD趣味阅读阅读短文，选择最佳答案填空Alittleboyaskedhisgrandfather:"Grandpa,whydidyousaythatallthefalseareugly?"Thegrandpaanswered:"That'strue.”"But,"saidtheboy,"lookatyourself.Whenyouputonyourfalseteeth,youlookyoungerandlively;whenyougetoffthem,yourmouthlooksemptyandshriveled(瘪的).That'sreallyugly.Whatdoyousayaboutthat?"Thegrandpacouldn'tfindanyanswer.()1.Theword"false"means .A.错的 B.假的 C.失败的()2.Thegrandpalooked withouthisfalseteeth.A.young B.lively C.old()3.What'syourideaaboutthegrandpa'sopinion?

A.Hewasright. B.Hewaswrong.C.Sometimeshisideawasright,butnotalwaysright.Keys:1.(1)EveryoneinourschoolcanspeakEnglish.(2)MayIuseyourbicycle?(3)Eddiemustcleanhisroom.(4)NeedIstaywithyou?2.(1)C(2)C(3)B(4)A(5)C(6)B(7)C(8)B3.(1)Ineedn'treadEnglisheverymorning.或Idon'thavetoreadEnglisheverymorning.(2)WhatcanWendy'sauntdo?(3)略。(4)略。4.(1)(D)needn't/don'thaveto (2)(B)go(3)(A)maybe (4)(B)needs/needed趣味阅读：(1)B(2)C(3)C听力原文1.(1)Needwefinishthejobbeforeweleave?(2)MayIborrowyourbook?(3)Whatcanyoudraw?(4)MustSandycookforherlitterbrothertoday?(5)CanIgotothecountryparkwithyou?2.JohnandPeterarebothpupilsofGoldenSunPrimarySchool.Johncanswimverywell.Buthedoesn'tlikeswimming.Helikesplayingtennis.Hecouldn'tplaytennisbefore,andheislearningit.Now,heisabletoplayalittle.Peterlikesplayingtennis.Buthelikesplayingfootballbetter.Heplaysfootballeveryday.Buttoday,hecan'tplayit,becausehisfootballisbroken.Heneedsanewone.Afterhegetsafootball,hecouldplaywithJohnagain.I.Fillintheblanks.(用can,can't,may,need,must,mustn't填空) youhelpme?Ofcourse.I makeapapership. belateforschoolagainnexttime. youbequiet? Icomein?What Tonydo?Playtheviolin.Whatdoyou forapicnic?Somebread,somedrinksandsomefruits.Keys:1.Can2.can3.mustn't4.Can5.May6.can7.needⅡ.Rewritethefollowingsentences.Icanfeelsomethingswithmyhands.(否定句)Wecantastethedrinks.(一般疑问句，肯定回答，否定回答)Thatboycanplaythepiano.(一般疑问句，对划线部分提问)Supergirlcanhearanoisenow.(否定句，对划线部分提问)Canthefarmerplantanyriceinspring?(肯定句)Thezoo-keepercancleanthecageathalfpastfive.(对划线部分提问)Alicecanfindanoldkey.(对划线部分提问)Thechildcanplayonthegrass.(对划线部分提问)Icanhearwithmyears.(把I改成he)and,at,watch,girls,the,TV,boys,home,can(连词成句)Keys:1.Ican'tfeelanythingswithmyhands.2.Canyoutastethedrinks?Yes,wecan.No,wecan't.