2010年6月英语四级考试真题及答案

intheCaughtintheAfewmonthsago,itwasn'tunusualfor47-year-oldCarlaToebetospend15hoursperdayonline.She'dwakeupearly,turnonherlaptopandchatonInternetdatingsitesandinstant-messagingprograms–leavingherbedforonlybriefintervals.Herhouseholdbillspiledup,alongwiththedishesanddirtylaundry,butittooknear-constantcomintsfromherfourdaughtersbeforesherealizedshehadaproblem."Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfallingapart–kindofslipintoadepression,"saidCarla"IknewthatifIdidn'tgetoffthedatingsites,I'djustkeepgoing,"detaching(使脱离)herselffurtherfromtheoutsideworld.Toebe'sconclusion:Shefeltlikeshewas"addicted"totheInternet.She'snotConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn'tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesinmedicaljournalsandtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterforoverusersgeneratedinterestinthesubject.There'sstillnoconsensusonhowmuchtimeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhetheraddictionispossible.ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgettingmoreseriousattention:Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedtobethefirstlarge-scalelookatexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationmayconsiderlistingInternetaddictioninthenexteditionofitsdiagnosticmanual.AndscoresofonlinediscussionboardshavepoppeduponwhichpeoplediscussnegativeexperiencestiedtotoomuchtimeontheWeb."There'snoquestionthatthere'repeoplewho'reseriouslyintroublebecausethey'reoverngtheirInternetinvolvement,"saidpsychiatrist(精神科医生)IvanGoldberg.Goldbergcallstheproblemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,ismoreskeptical."TheInternetisanenvironment,"hesaid."Youcan'tbeaddictedtotheenvironment."Bishopdescribestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeopletoprioritizeotherlifegoalsandnsinceoftimespentonline.ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwideephonesurveyofmorethan2,500adults.Likethe2005survey,thisonewasconductedbyStanfordUniversityresearchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat"theirrelationshipssufferedbecauseofexcessiveInternetuse."About9%attemptedtoconceal"nonessentialInternetuse,"andnearly4%reportedfeeling"preoccupiedbytheInternetwhenoffline."About8%saidtheyusedtheInternetasawaytoescapeproblems,andalmost14%reportedthey"foundithardtostayawayfromtheInternetforseveraldaysatatime.""TheInternetproblemisstillinitsinfancy,"saidEliasAboujaoude,aStanfordprofessor.Nosingleonlineactivityistoblameforexcessiveuse,hesaid."They'reonlineinchatrooms,checkinge-mail,orwritingblogs.[Theproblemis]notlimitedto()orgambling"websites.ExcessiveInternetuseshouldbedefinednotbythenumberofhoursspentonlinebut"intermsoflosses,"saidMaressaOrzack,aHarvardUniversityprofessor."Ifit'saloss[where]you'renotgettingtowork,andfamilyrelationshipsarebreakingdownasaresult,thenit'stoomuch."Sincetheearly1990s,severalclinicshavebeenestablishedintheU.S.totreatheavyInternetThewebsiteforOrzack'scenterliststhefollowingamongthepsychologicalsymptomsofcomputeraddiction:Havingasenseofwell-being()orexcitementwhileattheLongingformoreandmoretimeattheNeglectoffamilyandFeelingempty,depressedorirritablewhennotattheLyingtoemployersandfamilyaboutInabilitytostoptheProblemswithschoolorPhysicalsymptomslistedincludedryeyes,backaches,skipmeals,poor alhygiene(卫生)andsleepdisturbances.PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybedepressedorhaveothermooddisorders,Orzacksaid.WhenshediscussesInternethabitswithherpatients,theyoftenreportthatbeingonlineoffersa"senseofbelonging,andescape,excitement[and]fun,"shesaid."Somepeoplesayrelief…becausetheyfindthemselvessorelaxed."SomepartsoftheInternetseemtodrawpeopleinmorethanothers.Internetgamersspendcountlesshourscompetingingamesagainstpeoplefromallovertheworld.Onesuchgame,calledWorldofWarcraft,iscitedonmanysitesbyposterscominingofa"gamingaddiction."AndrewHeidrich,aneducationnetworkadministratorfromSacramento,ysWorldofWarcraftforabouttwotofourhourseveryothernight,butthat'snothingcomparedwiththe40to60hoursaweekhespentyingonlinegameswhenhewasincollege.Hecutbackonlyafterafull-scalefamilyintervention(干预),inwhichrelativestoldhimhe'dgainedweight."There'sthiswholecultureofcompetitionthatsuckspeoplein"withonlinegaming,Heidrich,nowafatheroftwo."Peopledoitattheexpenseofeverythingthatwasaconstantintheirlives."Heidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussgamingaddictionregularly"toremindmyselftokeepmyloveforonlinegamesincheck."ToebealsoregularlyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.InAugust,whenshefirstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostedamessageonaYahooInternetaddictiongroupwiththesubjectline:"IhaveanInternetAddiction.""I'mself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butI'mfailingto plishmywork,totakecareofmyhometogiveattentiontomychildren,"shewroteinamessagesenttothegroup."Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetogetprofessionalhelp;Ican'tevenpaymymortgage(抵押)andfacelosingeverything."Sincethen,Toebesaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonherInternetuse."Ihaveaboyfriendnow,andI'mnotinterestedinonlinedating,"shesaidbyphonelastweek."It'salotbetternow."WhateventuallymadeCarlaToeberealizeshewasspendingtoomuchtimeontheHerdaughter'srepeatedcomFatigueresultingfromlackofThepoorlymanagedstateofherThehighfinancialcostsaddingWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutexcessiveInternetPeopleshouldbewarnedofitsharmfulIt evirtuallyIthasbeensomewhatPeoplehaven'tyetreachedagreementonitsJonathanBishopbelievesthattheInternetoveruseproblemcanbesolvedifpeople trytoimprovetheInterneteawareofitsseriouscanrealizewhatisimportantincanreachaconsensusonitsAccordingtoProfessorMaressaOrzack,Internetusewouldbeconsideredexcessive itseriouslyaffectedfamilyone websitestoomuchtimewasspentinchatpeoplegotinvolvedinonlineAccordingtoOrzack,peoplewhostrugglewithheavyrelianceontheInternetmay WhydidAndreHeidrichcutbackonlineHehadlostalotofHisfamilyhadHehadoffendedhisHiscareerhadbeenAndrewHeidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussonlinegamingaddictionto improvehisonlinegamingcurbhisdesireforonlineshowhowgoodheisatonlineexchangeonlinegamingInoneofthemessagesshepostedonawebsite,Toebeadmittedthatshe ExcessiveInternetusehadrenderedToebesopoorthatshecouldn'taffordtoseek Nowthatshe'sgotaboyfriend,Toebeisnolongercrazyabout PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughtheA)HehasprovedtobeabetterreaderthantheHehasdifficultyunderstandingtheHecannotgetaccesstotheassignedHecannotfinishhisassignmentbeforetheA)ShewilldrivethemantotheThemanshouldbuyacarofhisThemanneedn'tgoshopeveryShecanpickthemanupatthegroceryA)GetmorefoodandAskhisfriendtocomeTidyuptheHoldaA)ThetalkscanbeheldanydayexceptthisHecouldchangehisscheduletomeetJohnThefirst-roundtalksshouldstartassoonasThewomanshouldcontactJohnSmithA)Heunderstandsthewoman'sHehasgonethroughasimilarThewomanshouldhavegoneonthefieldTheteacherisjustfollowingtheA)ShewillmeetthemanShewillaskDavidtotalkSheissorrythemanwillnotShehastoinviteDavidtotheA)FewstudentsunderstandProf.Johnson'sFewstudentsmeetProf.Jonson'sManystudentsfindProf.Johnson'slecturesManystudentshavedroppedProf.Johnson'sA)ChecktheircomputerMakesomeStudyacomputerAssembleaQuestions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ItallowshimtomakealotofItrequireshimtoworklongItenableshimtoapplytheorytoIthelpshimunderstandpeopleA)ItisinlectuallyItrequireshimtodowashing-upalltheItexposeshimtooilysmokealldayItdemandsphysicalenduranceandA)InaAtacoffeeAtaInahoA)GettingalongwellwithPayingattentiontoeverynningeverythinginKnowingtheneedsofQuestions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ThepocketmoneyBritishchildrenTheannualinflationrateinThethingsBritishchildrenspendmoneyTherisingcostofraisingachildinA)ItenableschildrentoliveItgoesdownduringeconomicItoftenriseshigherthanIthasgoneup25%inthepastA)SaveupfortheirfuturePayforsmallalBuytheirownshoesandMakedonationswhennecessary.来源:考试大-SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)DistrictRegularSalesSeniorA)ThesupportprovidedbytheregularTheinitiativeshownbythesalesTheurgencyofimplementing 'sTheimportantpartyedbydistrictA)Someofthemwerepolitical-FiftypercentofthemwereOnethirdofthemwereseniorMostofthemwereratherA)HeusedtoomanyHewasnotgenderHedidnotkeeptotheHespenttoomuchtimeonPassageQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)StateyourproblemtotheheadDemandadiscountonthedishesAsktoseethemanager ybutAskthenameof waitingonA)YouproblemmaynotbeunderstoodYoudon'tknowifyouarecominingattherightYourcomintmaynotreach in lhow onthelineisA)DemandapromptProvidealltheSenditbyexpressSticktothePassageQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)FashionCityA)DosomevolunteerGetawell-paidpart-timeGobacktoherpreviousA)Fewbaby-sitterscanbeconsideredItwilladdtothefamily'sfinancialAbaby-sitterisnorecementforaThechildrenwon'tgetalongwithababy-SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Almosteverychild,onthefirstdayhesetsfootinaschoolbuilding,issmarter,more ,lessafraidofwhathedoesn'tknow,betteratfindingand(37) thingsout,moreconfident,resourceful(的),persistentand(38) thanhewilleverbeagaininhisschooling–or,unlessheisvery(39) andverylucky,fortherestofhislife.Already,bypayingcloseattentiontoand(40) withtheworldandpeoplearoundhim,andwithoutanyschool-type(41) instruction,hehasdoneataskfarmoredifficult,complicatedand thananythinghewillbeaskedtodoinschool,orthananyofhisteachershasdoneforyears.Hehassolvedthe(43) oflanguage.Hehasdiscoveredit–babiesdon'tevenknowthatlanguageexists–and(44) .Hehasdoneitbyexploring,byexperimenting,bydevelohisownmodelofthegrrof(45) untilitdoeswork.Andwhilehasbeenngthis,hehasbeenlearningotherthingsaswell, ,andmanythataremorecomplicatedthantheonestheydotrytoteachhim.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingWhenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewones–thekindofhigh-tech,solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.ButtheU.S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe47wastefultotearthemalldownand48themwithgreenerversions.Anenormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.Anditwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthe49carbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.Sointhebroadest50,thegreenesthomeistheonethathasalreadybeenbuilt.Butatthesametime,nearlyhalfofU.S.carbonemissionscomefromheating,coolingand51ourhomes,officesandotherbuildings."Youcan'tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings,"saysRichardMoe,theoftheNationalTrust.Withsome52,theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000,mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat53overtimeandletinmoreoutsideair.Fortunay,therearea54numberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreenolderhomes,from55oneslikeLincoln'sCottagetoyourownpostwarhomeAndefficiencyupgrades(升级)cansavemorethanjusttheearth;theycanhelp56propertyownersfromrisingpower B) C) D) E) G)H)I)J)K)M)N)O)SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingYouneverseehim,butthey'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhereyouaregoing,howfastyou'retravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairneisfunctioningnormally.Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseemlikesomethingoutofacomicbook.They'reknownastheblackbox.Whennesfallfromthesky,asaYemeniairlinerdidonitswaytoComorosIslandsinoceanJune30,2009,theblackboxisthebestbetforidentifyingwhatwentwrong.SowhenaFrenchsubmarine(潜水艇)detectedthedevice'shomingsignalfivedayslater,thediscoverymarkedahugesteptowarddeterminingthecauseofatragedyinwhich152passengerswerekilled.In1958,AustralianscientistDavidWarrendevelopedaflight-memoryrecorderthatwouldtrackbasicinformationlikealtitudeanddirection.Thatwasthefirstmodeforablackbox,whichbecamearequirementonallU.S.commercialflightsby1960.Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes,however,soin1965thedevicewascomple yredesignedandmovedtotherearofthene–thearealeastsubjecttoimpact–fromitsoriginalpositioninthelandingwells(起落架舱Thesameyear,theFederalAviationAuthorityrequiredthattheboxes,whichwereneveractuallyblack,bepaintedorangeoryellowtoaidvisibility.Modernairneshavetwoblackboxes:avoicerecorder,whichtrackspilots'conversations,andaflight-datarecorder,whichmonitorsfuellevels,enginenoisesandotheroperatingfunctionsthathelpinvestigatorsreconstructtheaircraft'sfinalmoments.cedinaninsulated隔绝的)caseandsurroundedbyaquarter-inch-thickpanelsofstainlesssteel,theboxescanwithstandmassiveandtemperaturesupto2,000℉Whensubmerged,they'realsoabletoemitsignalsfromdepthsof20,000ft.ExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight447,whichcrashednearBrazilonJune1,2009,areinwaternearlythatdeep,butstatisticssaythey'restilllikelytoturnup.Intheapproximay20deep-seacrashesoverthepast30years,onlyonene'sblackboxeswereneverrecovered.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheblackItensuresthenormalfunctioningofanairTheideaforitsdesigncomesfromacomicItsabilitytowardoffdisastersisItisanindispensabledeviceonanairWhatinformationcouldbefoundfromtheblackboxontheYemeniDataforyzingthecauseoftheThetotalnumberofpassengersonThesceneofthecrashandextentoftheHomingsignalssentbythepilotbeforetheWhywastheblackboxredesignedinNewmaterialsbecameavailablebythatToomuchspacewasneededforitsTheearlymodelsoftengotdamagedintheTheearlymodelsdidn'tprovidetheneededTodistinguishthemfromthecolouroftheTocautionpeopletohandlethemwithTomakethemeasilyToconformtointernationalWhatdoweknowabouttheblackboxesfromAirFranceFlightThereisstillagoodchanceoftheirbeingThereisanurgentneedforthemtobeTheyhavestoppedsendinghomingTheyweredestroyedsomewherenearPassageQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingThe$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike"Ineverdoanythingright"intopositiveoneslike"Icansucceed."ButwaspositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?Istherepowerinpositivethinking?ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:itcansimplyhighlighthowunhappytheyare.Thestudy'sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbycitingolderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoulyourdimfriendthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you'rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inone1990sexperiment,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonaskedparticipantstowriteessaysopposingfundingforthedisabled.Whentheessayistswerelaterpraisedforsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhadInthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students'self-esteem.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtolthemselves,"Iamlovable."Thosewithlowself-esteemdidn'tfeelbetterafterthedself-affirmation.Infact,theirmoodsturnedsignificantlydarkerthanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren'turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapy心理治疗thaturgepeopleaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Meditation(静思)techniques,incontrast,canteachpeopletoput ingsintoalarger,morerealistic.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.2Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttheself-helpItisahighlyprofitableItisbasedontheconceptofpositiveItwasestablishedbyNormanVincentIthasyieldedpositiveWhatisthefindingoftheCanadianEncouragingpositivethinkingmanydomoreharmthanTherecanbenosimpletherapyforpsychologicalUnhappypeoplecannotthinkThepowerofpositivethinkingisWhatdoestheauthormeanby"…you'rejustunderlininghisfaults"(Line4,Para.YouarenottakinghismistakesseriouslyYouarepointingouttheerrorshehasYouareemphasizingthefactthatheisnotinYouaretryingtomakehimfeelbetterabouthisWhatdowelearnfromtheexperimentofWood,LeeandItisimportantforpeopletocontinuallyboosttheirself-Self-affirmationcanbringapositivechangetoone'sForcing tothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowertheirself-Peoplewithlowself-esteemseldomwritedowntheirtrueWhatdowelearnfromthelastTheeffectsofpositivethinkingvary MeditationmayprovetobeagoodformofDifferentpeopletendtohavedifferentwaysofPeoplecanavoidmakingmistakesthroughPartVCloze(15Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Theterm mercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternet,includingtransactionsbyconsumersandbusiness-to-businesstransactions.Conceptually,e-commercedoesnot67fromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphone,order"catalogs,orsendingapurchaseordertor mercefollowsthemodel69inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifference70intheToaconsumer,themostvisibleformof merceconsists71onlineordering.Acustomerbeginswithacatalogofpossibleitems,72anitem,arrangesaformofpayment,73anorder.Insteadofaphysicalcatalog, mercearrangesforcatalogstobe74ontheInternet.Insteadofsendinganorderonpaperorbyephone, mercearrangesfororderstobesent75acomputernetwork.Finally,insteadofsendingapaperrepresentationofpaymentsuchasacheck, merce76onetosendpaymentinformationelectronically.Inthedecade77 mercegrewfroman78novelty(新奇事物)tomainstreambusinessinfluence.In1993,few79hadawebpage,and80ahandfulallowedonetoorderproductsorservicesonline.Tenyears81,bothlargeandsmallbusinesseshadwebpages,andmost82userswiththeopportunitytoceanorder.83,manybanksaddedonlineaccess,84onlinebankingandbillpayingbecame85.Moreimportantly,thevalueofgoodsandservices86overtheInternetgrewdramaticallyafter1997.A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A)sends B)puts C)stands D)carriesA) B) C) D)A) B) C)D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)PartVITranslation(5Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishthe giveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.Becauseofthenoiseoutside,Nancyhadgreatdifficulty Themanagerneverlaughed;neither Welookforwardto Itissuggestedthattheairconditioner The16-year-oldgirldecidedtotravelabroadonherowndespite (她父母的).DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToCorrectspellingisabasicskillinEnglishstudy.However,nowadaysmanystudentsdonotpaymuchattentiontoit.Theyhavetheirownreasonsformisspelling.Firstof