人教版八年级上册英语unit1知识点及习题

Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?一、书本重要语法点梳理goonvacation去度假stayathome待在家里gotothemountains去爬山gotothebeach去海滩visitmuseums参观博物馆gotosummercamp去参观夏令营quiteafew相当多studyfor为……而学习goout出去mostofthetime大部分时间tastegood尝起来很好吃haveagoodtime玩得高兴]ofcourse当然feellike给……的感觉；感受到goshopping去购物inthepast在过去walkaround四处走走becauseof因为onebowlof…一碗……thenextday第二天drinktea喝茶findout找出；查明goon继续takephotos照相somethingimportant重要的事upanddown上上下下buysth.forsb./buysb.sth.为某人买某物taste+adj.尝起来……look+adj.看起来……nothing…but+动词原形除了……之外什么都没有seem+（tobe）+adj.看起来……arrivein+大地点/arriveat+小地点到达某地decidetodosth.决定去做某事1/16trydoingsth.尝试做某事trytodosth.尽力去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事forgettodosth.忘记做某事enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事wanttodosth.想去做某事startdoingsth.开始做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事dislikedoingsth.不喜欢做某事keepdoingsth.继续做某事Whynotdo.sth.?为什么不做……呢？so+adj.+that+从句如此……以至于……tellsb.(not)todosth.告诉某人（不要）做某事1.onvacation度假vacation意为“假期、假日”，相当于holiday，但vacation表示长的假期。如：thelongvacation长假thesummervacation暑假theChristmasvacation圣诞假期而holiday（尤其美国）指“假日；休息日；休假”。onvacation=onholiday意为“度假”练习WheredidMr.Liugoon________vacation?—HewenttoSanya.A．/B．aC．anD．the2.anythinginteresting一些有趣的东西2/161）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。2）当形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面；3）这些不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Iseverybodyhere?大家都到齐了吗？something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句及疑问句中。如：Didyoudoanythinginteresting?你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）Whydon'tyouvisitsomeonewithme?你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）练习1.Thereisintoday'snewspaper.Let'sreadastorybook.A.somethinginterestingB.nothinginterestingC.interestingsomethingD.interestingnothing2.Didyougofishingwithyesterday?—Yes,Iwentwithmyfather.someoneB.anyoneC.nooneD.everyone3.Isthere________intheroom?—________.Thereisonlyoneolddesk.A．anythingspecial；YesB．anythingspecial；NoC．specialanything；YesD．specialanything；No3/164.Thereis________interestinginthemovie.I'A．anythingB．NothingC．everythingD．somethingbuysth.forsb.或buysb.sth如：Myparentsoftenbuysomebooksforme.=Myparentsoftenbuymesomebooks.我父母经常给我买书。4.提建议的句子：①What/howabout+doingsth.?如：What/Howaboutgoingshopping?②Whydon'tyou+dosth.?如：Whydon'tyougoshopping?③Whynot+dosth.?如：Whynotgoshopping?④Let's+dosth.如：Let'sgoshopping⑤Shallwe/I+dosth.?如：Shallwe/Igoshopping?longtimenosee好久不见quiteafew相当多afew与alittle的区别，few与little的区别⑴afew一些修饰可数名词alittle一些修饰不可数名词两者都表肯定意义如：Hehasafewfriends.他有一些朋友。Thereisalittlesugarinthebottle.在瓶子里有一些糖。⑵few少数的修饰可数名词little少数的修饰不可数名词但两者都表否定意义4/16如：Hehasfewfriends.他没有几个朋友。Thereislittlesugarinthebottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。练习1.Ihavequitefriends.Ifeelveryhappy.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittlemostof……的大多数如：mostofthetime大多数时间练习1.Basketballispopularwithboys.________ofthemlikeplayingit.MostB．FewC．MuchD．LittleStillnooneseemedtobebored.仍然没有人感到烦闷。1）seem意为“好像；似乎；看来”，是个连系动词，构成的短语有：seemtodosth.好像做某事如：Theyseemtotalkinclass.他们似乎上课说话。seem（tobe）+adj.似乎......如：Heseemed(tobe)illyesterday.昨天他似乎病了。Itseemsthat+从句似乎......如：Itseemsthathewasillyesterday.昨天他似乎病了。练习1.—Frank，it________thatyouliketoworkwithanimals.—Yes，Ilikeanimalsverymuch.A．looksB．seemsC．soundsD．tastes5/162）bored作形容词，意为“烦闷的；厌倦的”其主语是某人；而boring也是形容词，其主语是某物。如：Myparentsaskmetodohomeworkallday.Ifeelbored.我父母整天叫我做作业，我感到很厌倦。Doinghomeworkalldayisalittleboring.整天做作业有点无聊。相类似的词语还有：interestedadj.感兴趣的interestingadj.有趣的surprisedadj.感到惊奇的surprisingadj.惊奇的tired累的tiring令人疲惫的excited兴奋的exciting令人兴奋/激动的amazed惊讶的amazing令人惊讶的练习1.Thebookis.Ifeel.A.boring,boringB.bored,boringC.boring,boredD.bored,bored9.辨析：getto/reach/arrive牢记：相同点：都是“到达“的意思不同点：getto+地点/reach+地点arriveat+小地点（车站等）/arrivein+大地点（国家等）注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here,there,home等，则不需要加介词。练习1.TheSmiths_____NewYorkat8:00lastnight.A.arrivedatB.gottoC.reachD.arrived6/1610.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做…乐意做…如：Sheenjoysplayingfootball.她喜欢踢足球。enjoyoneself过得愉快如：Heenjoyedhimself.他过得很愉快。跟它意思相近的词组还有haveagood\greattime,havefun。练习1.Doyouenjoy________photos?A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.takes11.decide意为“决定”，是动词。它的名词形式为decision。构成的短语有：decidetodosth.decideondoingsth.决定做某事makeadecisiontodosth.决定不要做某事，要用decidenottodosth.。如：LiLeihasdecidedtogotoBeijing.李雷已经决定去北京。练习1.Myparentsdecide________tothebeachthisweek.A.goB.goesC.togoD.going2.Mikedecided________themuseumthisSunday.A．visitB．VisitsC．visitingD．tovisitnothing...but...意为“除......之外；只有”，如：IhavenothingtodobutwatchTValldaylong.我整天除了看电视什么也没干。13.feellike意为：“有什么感觉；感受到”，后跟宾语从句。另外，构成短语feellikedoingsth.意为“想做某事”。如：7/16IfeltlikeIwasabird.我感觉我是一只鸟。Ifeellikeeating.我想吃东西。14.becauseof,because：becauseof+名词/代词/名词性短语如：Ihadtomovebecauseofmyjob.因为工作的原因我得搬家。because+从句如：IdoitbecauseIlikeit.我做这件事是因为我喜欢。练习1.Wehavetostayathome________theheavyrain.A.becauseB.becauseofC.butD.and2.LastSundaywedidn'tgoout________therain.A．becauseofB．becauseC．infrontofD．beforebelow意为“在......下面”，其反义词为above，意为“在......上面”练习1.—Theweatherwasreallycoldyesterday.—Yes.Itwasfive________zerolastnight.A．underB．belowC．downD．between16.bringsth.to+地点，意为“带来”，其反义词是take。如：Pleasebringyourbooktoourschool.请把你的书带到我们学校来。Pleasetakeyourbooktoyourschool.请把你的书带到你的学校去。17.enough足够形容词＋enough如：beautifulenough足够漂亮enough＋名词如：enoughfood足够食物enoughto足够…去做…8/16如：IhaveenoughmoneytogotoBeijing.我有足够的钱去北京。Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.她够大去读书了。18.so…that如此…以致于引导结果状语从句，so后面接形容词、副词.that后面跟从句。如：Shewassosadthatshecouldn'tsayaword.她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。19.tastegood尝起来很好吃。taste系动词用法“尝起来”后+形容词。其他表示状态的系动词有：feel（觉得）keep（保持）stay（保持）seem（好像）look（看来像……）smell（闻起来）sound（听起来……）taste（尝起来……）系动词与形容词连用Ifeelsick。我感到难受。Keepquiet，please！请安静下来！Theweatherstaysveryhot。天气非常热。Heseemsveryclever。他好像很聪明。Jimlookslikehisfather。吉姆长得像他父亲。Thefishsmellsterrible.这鱼闻起来坏了。Thatsoundsagoodidea。那听起来是个好主意。Thesouptastesverydelicious。这汤尝起来非常香。语法一复合不定代词由some,any,no,every加上one,body,thing构成不定代词，成为复合不定代词。用法复合不定代词相当于名词，在句中可以用作主语、宾语和表语。9/16Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Idon'thaveanythingtosaytoday.Moneyisn'teverything.复合不定代词被形容词、动词不定式修饰时，形容词和动词不定式后置。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Thereisnothingwrongwiththeradio.复合不定代词做主语时，表示单数概念，谓语动词用单词形式。Everythingbeginstogrowinspring.some-不定代词用在肯定句中或者表示请求的一般疑问句中；any-不定代词多用于疑问句中否定句中。Willyouasksomeonetocarrytheboxforme?Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?anyone和anything也可以用在肯定句中，表示“任何人”和“任何事”。Anyonecandoit.Icandoanythingforyou.巩固练习：①.Ican'thearanything=Icanhear_________.②.Thereis__________onthefloor.Pleasepickitup.③.Noone________howtodoit.A.knowB.knowsC.knowingD.knew④.There's________inthenewspaper.Youshouldreadit.A.importantsomethingB.somethingboringC.boringsomethingD.somethingimportant.10/16二一般过去时的规则动词和不规则动词（一）规则变化构成规则：在动词末尾直接加-ed.例如，work-worked,look-looked,play–played以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d.例如，live–lived,hope–hoped,use–used以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再加-ed.例如，study–studied,carry–carried,worry–worried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-ed.例如，stop–stopped,plan–planned（二）不规则变化1.没有变化，即：与动词原形一样。例如，cut–cut,put–put,read–read3.变化辅音，例如，make–made,spend–spent,send–sent4.辅音和元音都变化，例如，leave–left,teach–taught,think–thought5.其他情况，例如，is–was,are–were,have–had练习1.I_____________(have)agoodtimewithmyfamilyinthatcitylastyear.2.___________Helenoften______________(go)shoppingonSundays?3.Tony____________(notfinish)hishomeworkontimeyesterday.4.___________yourparents_______(buy)youagiftforyourlastbirthday?5.myfatheroften____________(ride)hisbiketowork.6.—Where________you________lunch?11/16—Athome.Therewasnoschoollunch.A.did,haveB.are,havingC.will,haveD.do,have巩固练习单项选择Didyoudo_______onyourvacation,Alice?A.anythingfunB.funanythingC.somethingfunD.funsomethingDidyougo_____?interestingsomewhereB.somewhereinterestingC.anywhereinterestingD.interestinganywhereIwenttosummer______.vacationsB.dayC.vacationD.campWheredidyougo_____vacation?toB.onC.forD.inAnd_______thebadweather,wecouldn'tseeanythingbelow.andB.becauseC.butD.becauseof_______kindgirlJennyis!WhatB.WhataC.HowD.HowaDidyoustudy______yourtest?onB.atC.forD.in—Ididn'tbringbackanythingfromMalaysia.—_______atall?12/16SomethingB.AnythingC.NothingD.EverythingSheisn't________tocarrythebox.enoughstrongB.strongenoughC.enoughyoungD.Youngenough---Oh,dear,wehave____foodleft.---don'tworry.I'llgoandbuysome.afewB.alittleC.fewD.little11.—________didyougolastweekend?—Iwenttothemountainswithmyclassmates.A．HowB．WhenC．WhereD．Who12.Yesterdaytheboys________totheparkand________agoodtimethere.A．go；haveB．went；haveC．go；hadD．went；had13.—Didyoulikeyourvacation?—________.Itwasgreat.A．Yes，IwasB．No，Iwasn'tC．Yes，IdidD．No，Ididn't14.—Howwasyourvacation，Grace?—________.Ihadawonderfultime.A．ItisbadB．ItwasgreatC．ItwasbadD．Itisgreat13/1615.—Icouldn'tdoanythingbutstudyforthetestsduringthevacation.—________.Yourparentsaretoostrict(严格的)withyouA．SoundsterribleB．NoproblemC．ForsureD．Goodidea16.Howwasyourvacation?—______.Ilikeditverymuch.A.VerybadB.WonderfulC.I'mfineD.Haveagoodtime17.—Whatwouldyoulike?—We'dliketwo________andsomebeefsoup.A．bowlsofricesB．bowlofriceC．bowlsofriceD．bowlofrices18.Iateabigbowlofnoodlesfiveminutesago.NowI'mnot________.A．triedB．hungryC．coldD．busy19.—MayIuseyourdictionary，Cindy?—________，hereyouare.A．SorryB．GreatC．ThanksD．Ofcourse20.—DidyoulearnEnglishby________？—No.Mr.Smithtaughtme.A．youB．yoursC．yourselfD．yourselves21.—________didyougotothebeachwith?—TomandJack.14/16A．WhereB．WhenC．WhoD．How22.I________thenewmuseum________myclassmatelastweekend.A．visit；withB．visite