清华大学跨文化课程教案5课件

Chapter5VerbalInterculturalCommunicationLEARNINGOBJECTIVES

Inthischapter,studentswilllearnhowto:Understandthedefinitionofverbalcommunication.Describetherelationbetweenlanguageandculture.Summarizetheverbalcommunicationstyles.Understandthephenomenonoflanguagediversity.Evaluatethewrittencommunicationpattern.VerbalInterculturalCommunicationSelf-enhancement/Self-effacementSignificanceofVerbalCommunicationLanguageandCultureVerbalCommunicationStylesDirect/IndirectLanguageasaReflectionoftheEnvironmentLanguageasaReflectionofValuesWrittenCommunicationDirectPlanIndirectPlanLanguageDiversityElaborate/Exacting/SuccinctInstrumental/AffectivePersonal/ContextualDialectandSociolectPidginandLinguaFrancajorgonTabooandEuphemismTheMeaningofWordsChapterOutlineVerbalinterculturalcommunicationVerbalinterculturalcommunicationhappenswhenpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundscommunicatewitheachotherbyusinglanguage.Weusewordstocommunicatewiththeoutsideworld.sharethepast.exercisesomecontroloverthepresent.formimagesofthefuture.TextA

SignificanceofVerbalCommunicationChapter5VerbalInterculturalCommunicationTextBLanguageandCultureWorddifferencesareobviousinvariouslanguages.Therelationbetweenwordanditsmeaningisarbitrary.Forexample,inChinese,weliveina房子.InEnglish,weliveinahouse.InSpanish,weliveinacasa.InThai,weliveinaban.

Chapter5VerbalInterculturalCommunication1.Sapir-WhorfHypothesislinguisticdeterministinterpretation---Languagestructurecontrolsthoughtsandculturalnorms.linguisticrelativityinterpretation---Cultureiscontrolledbyandcontrolslanguage.Eg.InArabic,thecamelplayssignificantrolesinpeople’slife,sotherearemorethan40wordsfor“camel”.NothingismoreimportantthanricetotheChinese,sowehaveexpressionslike“人是铁，饭是钢”and“铁饭碗”.

Chapter5VerbalInterculturalCommunication3.LanguageasaReflectionofValuesChapter5VerbalInterculturalCommunicationLanguagereflectsculturalvalues.

Eg.TimedoesnotplayaroleinNavajolife.Asaresult,theNavajodonothavethedifferentiatedvocabularyconnectedwithtimeandclocks.Oneoftheproblemsindealingwithpeoplefromotherculturesisthatwetranslateconceptsfromaforeignlanguageandculturewithwordsthatfitourexpectations.Eg.ForAmericans“tomorrow”meansmidnighttomidnight,averyprecisetimeperiod.ToMexicans,incontrast,mañanameansinthefuture,soon.4.TheMeaningofWordsChapter5VerbalInterculturalCommunicationSometimesdifferentculturesuseidenticalwordsthathaveratherdifferentmeanings.Theresultscanbehumorous,annoying,orcostly,dependingonthecircumstances.

Eg.FortheAmerican,“administration”intheuniversitycontextmeansdepartmentchairordean.FortheFrench,“administration”meansupper-levelclericalstaff.Cultureinfluencesthestyleofcommunicationatgreatlevel.Thecommunicationstyleisconcernedwiththeuseoflanguage.Chapter5VerbalInterculturalCommunication

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VerbalCommunicationStyles

2.Self-EnhancementandSelf-EffacementVerbalStylesTheself-enhancementverbalstyleemphasizestheimportanceofboastingaboutone’saccomplishmentsandabilities.Eg.Intheclassifiedads,Americanadmightbeginwith,“Ahandsome,athleticmalewithagoodsenseofhumorseeksafun-lovingpartner…”

Theself-effacementverbalstyle,ontheotherhand,emphasizestheimportanceofhumblingoneselfviaverbalrestraints,hesitationsandmodesttalk.Eg.Intheclassifiedads,Japaneseadmightread,“AlthoughIamnotverygood-looking,I’mwillingtotrymybest.”Chapter5VerbalInterculturalCommunicationDifferentWaysofServingTea3.Elaborate,ExactingandSuccinctStylesAnelaboratestyleemphasizes

flashyandembellishedlanguage.ThisstyleofcommunicationcanbeseeninmanyArab,MiddleEastern,andAfro-Americancultures.

Anexactingstyle,wherepersonssaynomoreorlessthanisneeded,isusedbyAmericans.

Asuccinctstyleischaracterizedbytheuseofconcisestatements,understatements,andevensilence.

AsuccinctstylecanbefoundinJapan,China,andsomeNativeAmericanculturesChapter5VerbalInterculturalCommunication4.PersonalandContextualStyleThepersonalcommunicationstyleemphasizestheindividualidentityofthespeaker.Eg.Englishhasonlyoneformforthesecondperson,thatis,you.Thecontextualstylehighlightsone’sroleidentityandstatus.Eg.Chinese,GermanandFrench,forexample,haveinformalandformalformsofthepronounyou(你/您;du/Sie;tu/vous).Chapter5VerbalInterculturalCommunication5.InstrumentalandAffectiveStyleAninstrumentalverbalstyleissender-basedandgoal-outcomebased.Theinstrumentalspeakerusescommunicationtoachievesomegoaloroutcome.Theburdenofunderstandingoftenrestswiththespeaker.Anaffectivecommunicationstyleisreceiverandprocessoriented.Theaffectivespeakerisconcernednotsomuchwiththeoutcomeofthecommunication,butwiththeprocess.Theresponsibilityofunderstandingrestswithboththespeakerandthelistener.

Chapter5VerbalInterculturalCommunication1.DialectsandSociolectsDialectsrefertogeographicaldifferencesandthesedifferencescanbenational,regionalorlocal.Eg.

AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish;NorthernEnglishdialectsandSouthernEnglishdialects;LondondialectandManchester

dialect.

Sociolectsrefernotonlytoone’ssocialconditionbutalsotoone’sstyleaccordingtothecommunicativesituation.Eg.So-called“ReceivedPronunciation”inBritishEnglishhasbecomecharacteristicofupperclassspeechinBritaininthe19thcentury.Inaformalsituation,onemightsay“Howdoyoudo,Mr.Mullins?”but,inaninformalsituation,onecouldsay“Hi,Jim”or“How’rethingsgoing?”

Chapter5VerbalInterculturalCommunication2.PidginandLinguaFrancaApidginisaspeciallanguagevarietythatmixesorblendslanguagesforrestrictedpurposessuchastrading.Pidginlanguagespossesstwocharacteristics.First,theyhavenonativespeakers.Second,thelinguisticandgrammaticalstructureofpidginlanguagesisalwayssimpleandbasedononeortwootherlanguages.

Eg.“Longtimenosee!”isanexampleofapidginexpressioncoinedbyearlyChineseimmigrantsintheUnitedStates.Chapter5VerbalInterculturalCommunicationALinguaFrancaisalsousedforcommunicationpurposesbetweendifferentgroupsofpeople,eachspeakingadifferentlanguage.Itisviewedasaninternationalmeansofcommunication.Eg.LatinwasaLinguaFrancaintheMiddleAgesandFrenchbecameaLinguaFrancainthe18thcentury.TodayEnglishisconsideredaLinguaFranca.Chapter5VerbalInterculturalCommunication4.JargonJargonreferstothespecialortechnicalvocabulariesdevelopedtomeetthespecialneedsofparticularprofessionssuchasmedicineandlaw.Jargonmaychangeovertime.Eg.“touch-and-go”usedbypilots.Inagam