-高二英语寒假提升天天练之阅读理解Day8降保健含解析

Day8健康保健AIthasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycoldformpartofadiet.Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.AspokesmanfortheresearchteamatNavarroUniversityinSpainsays,＂Lighttomoderatealcoholintake,especiallyofwine,maybemorelikelytoprotectagainst,ratherthanpromote,weightgain.＂TheInternationalScientificForumonAlcoholResearchreviewedthefindingsandagreedwithmostoftheconclusions,particularlythatdatadonotclearlyindicateifmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.BostonUniversity’sDr.HarveyFinkelfoundthatthebiologicmechanisms(生物学机制)relatingalcoholtochangesinbodyweightarenotproperlyunderstood.Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病),whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.Somestudiessuggestthatevenveryobesepeoplemaybeatlowerriskofdiabetesiftheyaremoderatedrinkers.Thegroupsaysalcoholprovidescaloriesthatarequicklyabsorbedintothebodyandarenotstoredinfat,andthatthisprocesscouldexplainthedifferencesinitseffectsfromthoseofotherfoods.Theyagreethatfutureresearchshouldbedirectedtowardsassessingtherolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinks,takingintoconsiderationdrinkingpatternsandincludingthepasttendencyofparticipantstogainweight.Fornowthereislittleevidencethatconsumingsmalltomoderateamountsofalcoholonaregularbasisincreasesone’sriskofbecomingobese.What’smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol(白藜芦醇),acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.1.Thepassageismainlyforthose___________.A.whoproducewineB.whohaveadrinkinghabitC.whogoonadietD.whoareeagertoloseweight2.Theunderlinedphrase＂inmoderation＂inthefirstparagraphmeans___________.A.excitedly

B.carefullyC.frequently

D.properly3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Currentdataclearlyshowthatmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.B.Resveratrolisprovedtoincreasetheriskofbecomingfat.C.Theresearchfoundmoderatedrinkinghasastrongprotectiveeffect.D.Thespecificrolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinksareveryclear.4.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Howtodosomeeasyexperiments.B.Howtoreducethecaloriescontainedinwine.C.Howtoprovethefindingmentionedabove.D.Howtomakewineinahealthyway.BAustraliaandNewZealand’shealthorganizationshavegiventheiradviceonwhentousesunscreen(防晒霜),suggestingAustraliansapplyiteverydaytoavoidbadhealtheffects.ASunscreenSummittookplaceintheAustralianStateofQueensland.Duringthesummit,representativesfromsomeofAustralia’sleadingresearch,medicalandpublichealthorganizationsexaminedtheevidenceonsunscreenusethedeterminedthatinmostpartsofthecountryitisbeneficialtoapplysunscreeneveryday.“Upuntilnow,publichealthorganizationshaverecommendedapplyingsunscreenaheadofplannedoutdooractivitiesbuthaven’trecommendedapplyingiteverydayaspartofamorningroutine(惯例),”professorRachelNealefromQIMRBerghoferMedicalResearchInstitutesaid.“Inrecentyears,ithasbecomeclearthattheDNAdamagecausesskincancerandmelanoma(黑色素瘤),whichiscausedbyrepeatedsmallexposuretosunlightoveraperiodoftime,”Nealesaid.“InAustralia,wegetalotofsunexposurefromeverydayactivitiessuchaswalkingtothebusstoportrainstation,”Nealesaid.AstudyshowedthatoneintwoAustraliansbelieveditwasunhealthyandpotentiallydangeroustousesunscreeneveryday.However,TerrySlevinfromthePublicHealthAssociationofAustraliasaysitiswrong.“Thereisconsistentandcompellingevidencethatsunscreensaresafe,”Slevinsaid.“Importantly,medicaltrialshavefoundthatpeoplewhousesunscreendailyhavethesamelevelsofvitaminDasthosewhodon’t,”Slevinadded.Australiahasoneofthehighestratesofskincancerintheworld,whichismadeworsebythecountry’sclosetoAntarcticawherethereisaholeintheozonelayer(臭氧层),lettinginhighernumbersofUVrays.1.WhatmadeAustralianhealthorganizationsadviseAustralianstousesunscreen?A.Themakersofsunscreen.B.Australiangovernment.C.TheSunscreenSummit.D.NewZealand’sresearchers.2.WhatisnotrecommendedbeforetheSunscreenSummit?A.Usingsunscreenasamorningroutine.B.Usingsunscreenbeforeoutdooractivities.C.Reducingtheuseofsunscreen.D.Reducingoutdooractivities.3.WhatisthemisunderstandingofmanyAustralians?A.Sunscreenwillnevertakeeffect.B.Sunscreenisbadforpeople’shealth.C.Peopleusingsunscreenhavethesamelevelsofvitamin.D.D.Peopleusingsunscreenwon’thaveskincancer.4.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“compelling”underlinedinparagraph4?A.Interesting.

B.Disappointing.C.Boring.

D.Convincing.CHerearetwointerestingquestions.Areyouveryhappywithyourlifenow?Arepeoplehappierastheygetolder?Astudyfoundthatpeoplegenerallybecomehappierandexperiencelessworryafterage50.Infact,itfoundthatbytheageof85,peoplearehappierwiththeirlifethantheywereat18.ThefindingcamefromaGallupsurveyofmorethan340,000adultsbetweentheageof18and85intheUnitedStates.ArthurStoneintheDepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralScienceatStonyBrookUniversityinNewYorkledthestudy.Histeamfoundthatlevelsofstresswerehighestamongadultsbetweentheagesof22and25.Stresslevelsdroppedsharplyafterpeoplereachedtheirfifties.Happinesswashighestamongtheyoungestadultsandthoseintheirearlyseventies.Butthepeopleleastlikelytoreportfeelingnegativeemotionswerethoseintheirseventiesandeighties.Thesurveyalsofoundthatmenandwomenhadsimilaremotionalpatternsastheygrowolder.However,womenatallagesreportedmoresadness,stressandworrythanmendid.Theresearchersalsoconsideredpossibleinfluenceslikehavingyoungchildren,beingunemployedorbeingsingle.Buttheyfoundthatinfluenceslikethesedidnotaffectthelevelsofhappinessandwell-beingrelatedtoage.Sowhywouldhappinessincreasewithage?Onetheoryisthat,aspeoplegetolder,theybecomemorethankfulforwhattheyhaveandhavebettercontroloftheiremotions.Theyalsospendlesstimethinkingaboutbadexperiences.Theoriginalgoalofthestudywastoconfirmthepopularbeliefthatagingisconnectedwithincreasedsleepproblems.Thesurveydidfindanincreaseduringmiddleage,especiallyinwomen.Butexceptforthat,peoplereportedthattheyfelttheirsleepqualityimprovedastheygotolder.1.Whenwilladultsfeelmoststressfulaccordingtothestudy?A.Intheirseventies.

B.Intheirfifties.C.Intheirtwenties.

D.Intheireighties.2.WhatmaymakeArthurStonefeelabitsurprised?A.Womenusuallylivelongerthanmen.B.Mostofoldpeoplecan'tsleepwellatnight.C.Middle-agemenmostlyareveryrich.D.Oldpeopleusuallyhaveabettersleep.3.Oldpeoplemaybehappierprobablybecause

.A.theyspendmoretimeconsideringbadexperiencesB.theyaremostlikelysatisfiedwithlife.C.theydon'thavetoworkhardeveryday.D.theycandowhatevertheylikebest.4.Whichofthefollowingmaybethetopicofthispassage?A.Theyoungpeopleandtheoldpeople.B.Theconnectionofsleepandhappiness.C.Oldpeople'sfeelingofhappiness.D.Womenarenotashappyasmenwiththeirlife.DWeallknowthatwateristasteless.Butithappensfromtimetotime:youpickupthebottleofwateryoudidn’tfinishyesterday,andittastesstrange.Mostoften,youtendtodropthebottleinthetrashbin,believingthatthewaterhasgonebad.Butisittrue?AccordingtoTime,ofcoursenot,tastehaslittletodowithqualityofwater.AccordingtoTime,whenwaterisexposedtotheairfor12hours,carbondioxideinteractswiththeH2Ointhewater,andthepHvaluelowersslightly.Asaresult,thewaterhasadifferenttaste.“Butit’smostlikelysafetodrink,”NorwegianexpertTrulsKroghtoldScienceNordic.“Ifthewateriscoveredandofgoodqualitytostartwith,inprincipleitcanlastathousandyears.That’sbecausewhenwaterisfresh,itcontainslittleorganicmatter.Aslongaswaterisheldincleanglassesorbottles,nopollutantswillenterittoharmourhealth.”PeopleincountriesliketheUS,theUKandAustraliausuallydrinktapwater.AccordingtoTime,iftapwaterisdrunkwithinsixmonths,thechlorine(氯气)inthewaterwillbeenoughtokillanybacteriaandkeepitsafetodrink.However,therearealsosomeexceptions.Ifyouaccidentallyputyourfingersintowaterorstorewaterinuncleancontainersdayafterday,microorganism(微生物)willenterthewater.Withthehelpofsurroundingtemperature,andsunlightstreamingthroughwindows,thesemicroorganismsmultiplyquickly.Soonerorlater,thewaterwillbeinthechargeoftheunfriendlybacteria.Andifyoudrinkthewatertoooften,thenyou’remorelikelytobeill.Andwhataboutwaterinplasticbottles?Heatandplasticareabadcombination,USresearcherKelloggSchwabstresses.Whenplasticbottlesareusedathightemperatures,theyproduceachemicalcalledBPA.BPAissomethingthataffectshormones(荷尔蒙)andresearchhastentativelylinkeditto“severalhealthdamage,includingheartdiseaseandcancer”,Timereported.Schwabsuggestsreplacingdisposable(一次性的)plasticbottleswiththerefillablecontainersmadeofmetalorglasstodealwithBPA.1.Thepurposeofthefirstparagraphisto________________.A.showanexample

B.drawaconclusionC.analyzeaphenomenon

D.introduceatopic2.WhichofthefollowingmayTrulsKroghagree?A.Ifthewatertastesdifferent,weshouldn’tdrinkit.B.Thewaterheldinacleancontainerislikelysafetodrink.C.Althoughkeptfresh,watermaystillhavemuchorganicmatter.D.Coveredwatercanlastforathousandyears.3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.BPAdoeslittleharmtoourhealth.B.Tapwaterisalwayssafetodrink.C.Microorganismsareeasytoproduceintheheat.D.Disposableplasticbottleshavebeenbannedalready.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.WhyWaterisTasteless

B.HowtoGetCleanWaterC.DoesWaterReallyGoBad?

D.LearntoProtectWater答案A【答案解析】1.B

2.D

3.C

4.C【分析】本文是说明文。研究人员发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一部分，适当的饮酒并不会导致人们发胖，并且适量饮酒会防止人们得糖尿病。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句Ithasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycouldformpartofadiet.可知，研究发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一部分，适当的饮酒并不会导致人们发胖。全文都在叙述与之有关的研究，所以本文应该是写给那些喝酒的人的。故选B。【2题详解】猜测词义题。根据第一段第二句Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.（尽管酗酒的确可以增加体重，但是那些适当饮酒的人实际上会减肥。），根据连词while可知，上下文存在对比关系，inmoderation指适当的，有节制的，故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病),whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.可知，适量饮酒对于糖尿病有防护作用，也就是说适量饮酒的人不会患上糖尿病。故选C。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句What’smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol,acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.可知，一项研究说明葡萄和红酒中存在的resveratrol实际上可以破坏肥胖细胞，那么接下来就应该证明这一理论的正确性，故选C。【点睛】推理题的解题方法1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。2.整合全文（段）信息进行推断做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。小题2根据第一段第二句Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.尽管酗酒的确可以增加体重，但是那些适当饮酒的人实际上会减肥。根据连词while可知上下文存在对比关系，故选B。B【答案解析】1.C

2.A

3.B

4.D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍防护霜的使用。澳大利亚和新西兰的健康组织给出了何时使用防晒霜的建议，建议澳大利亚人每天涂抹防晒霜，以避免对健康造成不良影响。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段ASunscreenSummittookplaceintheAustralianStateofQueensland.Duringthesummit,representativesfromsomeofAustralia’sleadingresearch,medicalandpublichealthorganizationsexaminedtheevidenceonsunscreenuseanddeterminedthatinmostpartsofthecountryitisbeneficialtoapplysunscreeneveryday.可知，防晒霜峰会在澳大利亚昆士兰州举行，在峰会期间，来自澳大利亚一些领先研究的代表，医疗和公共卫生组织研究了防晒霜使用的证据，并确定在大多数地区，每天涂防晒霜是有益的。由此可知，防晒霜峰会促使澳大利亚健康组织建议澳大利亚人使用防晒霜。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中buthaven’trecommendedapplyingiteverydayaspartofamorningroutine(但我不建议你每天早上都使用它)可知，“早上要使用防晒霜”在防晒霜峰会前不推荐。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中AstudyshowedthatoneintwoAustraliansbelieveditwasunhealthyandpotentiallydangeroustousesunscreeneveryday.However,TerrySlevinfromthePublicHealthAssociationofAustraliasaysitiswrong.(一项研究表明，二分之一的澳大利亚人认为每天使用防晒霜是不健康的，而且有潜在的危险。然而，澳大利亚公共卫生协会的TerrySlevin说这是错误的)可知，很多澳大利亚人认为防晒霜对人们的健康有害。故选B。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词前后的内容consistent“一致的”和evidencethatsunscreensaresafe“防晒霜是安全的证据”以及划线句的下句“Importantly,medicaltrialshavefoundthatpeoplewhousesunscreendailyhavethesamelevelsofvitamindasthosewhodon’t,”(重要的是，医学试验发现，每天使用防晒霜的人和不使用防晒霜的人体内的维生素d含量是一样的)由此推知，划线词的意思是“令人信服的”。故选D。【点睛】做词义猜测题时要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。尤其注意划线词前后的内容。本题第4小题，根据划线词前后的内容consistent“一致的”和evidencethatsunscreensaresafe“防晒霜是安全的证据”以及划线句的下句“Importantly,medicaltrialshavefoundthatpeoplewhousesunscreendailyhavethesamelevelsofvitamindasthosewhodon’t,”(重要的是，医学试验发现，每天使用防晒霜的人和不使用防晒霜的人体内的维生素d含量是一样的)由此推知，划线词的意思是“令人信服的”。故选D。C【答案解析】1.C

2.D

3.B

4.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项调查。经研究发现：人们在50岁之后通常会变得更快乐，烦恼也更少。事实上，研究发现，到85岁时，人们对生活的满意度比18岁时更高。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Histeamfoundthatlevelsofstresswerehighestamongadultsbetweentheagesof22and25.他的研究小组发现，压力水平在22岁至25岁之间的成年人中最高。可知人们压力最大的时候是22到25岁。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中Butexceptforthat,peoplereportedthattheyfelttheirsleepqualityimprovedastheygotolder.但除此之外，人们报告说，随着年龄的增长，他们感觉自己的睡眠质量有所改善。可知，让亚瑟·斯通感到惊讶的是当人们老了的时候睡眠质量反而提高。而这项研究最初的目的是证实随着年龄的增长，不断出现睡眠问题。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Onetheoryisthat,aspeoplegetolder,theybecomemorethankfulforwhattheyhaveandhavebettercontroloftheiremotions.有一种理论认为，随着年龄的增长，人们会对自己所拥有的东西更加感激，并能更好地控制自己的情绪。可知，他们对他们所拥有的更感激，也就是他们对自己的生活感到很满意。故选B项。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中Astudyfoundthatpeoplegenerallybecomehappierandexperiencelessworryafterage50.一项研究发现，人们在50岁之后通常会变得更快乐，烦恼也更少。第三段中Stresslevelsdroppedsharplyafterpeoplereachedtheirfifties.人们到了五十多岁后，压力水平急剧下降。可知，这篇文章主要介绍的是人们在50岁之后会变得更加幸福，也就是老年人的幸福感。故选C项。D【答案解析】1.D

2.B

3.C

4.C【分析】本文为说明文。本文就喝剩下的水是否会变坏进行了研究。研究表明没喝完的水虽然味道有点怪，但只要水质是好的，保存恰当不被细菌污染，是不会变坏的。但专家建议不要用塑料杯要用金属或玻璃制品装热水。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，本段讲述昨天没有喝完的水味道有点怪，有人会把它扔掉，是因为认为水坏了，但是真的吗？结合下文的内容，可知，写第一段的目的就是引出下文