高考英语语法之状语从句

高考英语语法之状语从句高考英语语法：状语从句在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等种类。一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连接词有:when,as,while,after,before,since,eversince,assoonas,once,till,until,whenever,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely...when,themoment/minute/instant/second,everytime,eachtime,anytime,thefirsttime,nexttime,lasttime,allthetime,bythetime,directly,immediately,instantly等。主将从现语法规则：时间,条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。Nomatterwhatheis,hewillbepunished.Iwillgoifyougo.1.表示“一···就···”的句型1)assoonas/onceAssoonashearrives,I'llcallyou.“一…就，一旦...”2)ondoingsth./onone's+n.Onarrivingatthestation,thethiefwasarrested.3)nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when，不放句首，不倒装。Nosoonerhadhereachedhomethanitbegantorain.Hardly/ScarcelyhadIenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.4）themoment,theinstant,theminute,thesecondThemomentIsawhim,Irecognizedhim.We'llleavetheminuteyouareready.5)有些副词如：instantly,immediately,directly可用作连词，后接从句。Ileftimmediatelytheclockstruck5.2.when,while,as引导时间状语从句1)when既可指时间点，也可指时间段。从句动词可以是短暂的也可是延续的，主从句动作可同时也可先后发生。IwasthinwhenIwasachild.ItwasrainingwhenIarrived.when在下列结构中,译成“这时”,它引导的是并列句beabouttodo...when,bedoing...when,haddone···when,beonone'sway...when,beonthepointofdoing...when2)while只能指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。强调某一段时间内发生主句动作，相当于duringthetimethat....MymotherwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.IamsafewhileIamhere.while除引导时间状语从句外，还引导并列句，作“然而”讲；并可在句首引出让步状语从句作“虽然···但”讲。IlikewatchingTV,whilehelikesreading.Whilehehashisowncar,heoftenusesmine.3)as的用法as引导时间状语从句时常可和when换用，但较强调同时发生，多指短暂动作。AsIleftthehouse,Iforgotthekey.as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，“随着...”的意思，表时间的推移。AsIgetolder,Igetmoreoptimistic.as表“一边…一边…”，引出伴随动作。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.用以强调两个动作紧接着发生。Ashewasgoingout,itbegantorain.as有时引出一个名词，相当于一个时间状语从句。Asaboy(whenhewasaboy),hewashopelessatmaths.​3,before引导的时间状语从句before引导的时间状语从句不用否定式谓语。Beforetheygottothebusstop,thebushadgone.在“Itbe+时间段+before从句”句型中，译成“…才”，“…就”。Itwillbemanyyearsbeforethechemicalsstarttoescapefromthecontainers.Itwasnotlongbeforehecameback.Itwasaweekbeforehecouldtellhisstory.Itwasn'tlongbeforehetoldusabouthimself.before可译成“未来得及”HehadmeasuredmebeforeIcouldgetaword.before可译成“趁着还没”I'llwriteitdownbeforeIforget.4,until和till1)“延续性动词肯定式+until”表示“动作延续到…为止，”译为“直到…为止”，Iwaitedforhimuntilhecameback.2)“终止性动词的否定式+until”表示“直到···才”。Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhehadfinishedhiswork.终止性动词（短暂动作）：puton,come,go,get,borrow,buy,fall,leave,join,finish,die,catch,arrive,reach等，相应的延续性动词：keep,wear,have,be等3)用于强调句式“Itisnotuntil...that...”Itwasnotuntiltheprofessorcamethatwebegantheexperiment.4)notuntil放在句首时，主句倒装。句首和强调句中要用until，而不用till；not...until...句型中不用till。5,since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从…时起”，主句要用完成时。二、地点状语从句1,地点状语从句主要由where,whereveranywhere,everywhere引导。Wemustcampwherewecangetwater.Iwillfollowyouwhereveryougo.2,地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词。Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.（where引导地点状语从句）Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucame.（where引导定语从句=fromwhich）三、原因状语从句原因状语从句由because,as,since,now(that)（既然）,inthat（因为，多于口语中）,seeing(that)（鉴于，由于）,consideringthat（考虑到）等引导。1,because用来回答why的问题，表直接的因果关系，语气最强，可用于强调句。Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tgowithus.because是连词，引导从句，becauseof是介词短语。2,since,as,nowthat引导的原因状语从句，不能用于强调句。since的语气比because稍弱，表示关系上的自然结果，特别用于原因已经清楚了的事情，一般译成“既然，鉴于”（往往放在主句之前）Sinceyouhaveknownthesecret,Ineedn'tsayanythingaboutit.3,as语气最弱，说明一般的因果关系，表显而易见的原因或倒果为因的说法，可放在主句之前，亦可放在主句之后。Asthegroundiswet,itmusthaverainedlastnight.（倒果为因）4,nowthat用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论。nowthat放句首时that可省略：Now(that)everybodyishere,let'sbegin.5,for也可以表示原因，属并列连词，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，表示补充说明理由。而推断的理由会因人而异。语气很弱，一般后置。Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.6,原因状语从句有时可以用分词形式表现。Ashewasblind,hecouldn'tseeanything.Beingblind,hecouldn'tseeanything.四、条件状语从句1,由if,unless（if...not）,so/aslongas,supposing(that)（假设）,incase（万一…,以防…）,so/asfaras（就...而言）,onconditionthat（条件是...）,provided/providing(that)（假若）引导。Iwon'tgounlessI'minvited.Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.Youmayusetheroomas/solongasyoucleanitupafterwards.2,“祈使句+and/or/orelse/otherwise+陈述句”的句型中，相当于条件状语从句。Useyourhead,andyou'llfindaway.Hurryuporelse(otherwise)you’llbelate.3,ifonly也可以引导条件状语从句,If(only)itclearsup,Iwillgo.Ifonlyhehadtoldmelastweek,Iwouldhavegivenhimsomehelp.4，条件句中的虚拟与倒装1）if引导的条件状语从句若与过去或现在事实不符，或对未来进行不可能的假设，就要用虚拟语气。2）省略if的虚拟条件从句：若条件从句的谓语动词有were,had或should,可以把if省去，而把were，had或should移到主语前构成倒装。HadIarrivedthereearlier,Iwouldhaveseenhim.Wereitnotforhim,Iwouldnothavethechancetogohome.Shouldhebeheretomorrow,Iwouldgivehimahand.五、目的状语从句由sothat（以便），inorderthat（为了），forfearthat（=incase）（以免），lest（以防）引导，谓语常含may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词。Theysetoutearlysothattheymightarriveatthestationingoodtime.Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat（lest）hewouldforget.当从句与主句主语一致时，可用todo,soastodo,inordertodo结构换用。六、结果状语从句1,常用的连词有sothat，so...that,such...that,that。结果状语从句中一般无情态动词。Hehadoversleptsothathewaslateforwork.MypenfellundermydeskthatIcouldn'tseeit.2,so/such...that：Sheissobeautifulagirlthatalltheboysofourclasslikeher.=Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthatalltheboysofourclasslikeher.Hespokeatthetopofhisvoicesothatthestudentsatthebackcouldhearhim.(目的状语从句）Hespokeatthetopofhisvoice,sothatthestudentsatthebackheardhim.他说话声音很高，结果后面的同学都听见了。(结果状语从句)

sothat引导的结果状语从句一般要用逗号和主句隔开，从句里没有表目的的情态动词may,can,might或could。3,many/few/much/little前只有soherearesomanyapplesonthedeskthatweeachhaveone.Thereissolittlewaterthatyoucan'tdrink.little表“小，可爱”时，用such不用so修饰。Suchlittlechildrenmadesomanytoys.名词such形副so,多多少少还是so,little一词有多解，少是such小是so.七、方式状语从句由as,asif(asthough)引导。Doasyoulike.Hespokeasifhehadbeentherebefore.asif,asthough从句与事实相反时用虚拟语气，与事实相符，不用虚拟语气。八、比较状语从句常用连词than,as...as...,notas/so...asHeranasfarashecould.I'mnotas/sotallashe/him.themore...themore...引导,且经常以省略形式出现Theharderyoutry,thebetteryouwillunderstand.九、让步状语从句由though,although,as,evenif/though,nomatterwh-,wh-ever词，whether...or（不管...都），when,while等引导。1,though,although这两个连词用法基本一样，前者口语化，后者较正式，常位于句首，都不与but连用，但可以和yet，still，nevertheless连用。Though/Althoughhewaswornout,hekeptonworking.2,as引导让步状语时，从句用倒装语序，Childasheis,heknowsalot.TryasImight,Icouldn'tliftthestone.Proudasthesenoblesare,theyareafraidtoseeme.Greatascientistasheis,heremainsmodest.Though可倒装可不倒装，although不可倒装.Bravelythoughtheplayersfought,theyhadnochanceofwinning.3,evenif（尽管；即使）,eventhough（尽管）意义基本相同，可用于虚拟，表“即使”时有假设含义，一般用evenif。We'llmaketripevenif(though)theweatherisbad.EvenifIwereinyourplace,Iwouldn'ttakethejob.（虚拟）4,“whether...or...”可引导让步状语从句Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.5,“nomatter+wh-”引导让步状语从句nomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhat=whatevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterhow=howeverNomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.It'saniceroomnomatterwhom(whoever)itbelongsto.“nomatter+wh-”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“wh-ever”形式除引导让步状语从句外，还可以引导名词性从句。whoever=anyonewhowhatever=anythingthat，wherever=anyplacewhereIwillgivethebooktowhoeverneedsit.Ilikewhateveryoulike.6,when引导让步状语从句时置于主句后，虽然···却···，尽管···但···，本应...，却...。Hewalkswhenhemighttakeataxi.when从句用虚拟式为：could/should...havedone，Shestoppedtryingwhenshemightsucceednexttime.while引导让步状语从句时置于主句前，与though同，但though从句可倒装。十、状语从句的省略现象1,当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同或为it,同时从句谓语含be动词，就可省从句的主语和be动词。Don’tspeakuntil(youare)spokento.if(itis)possible,Ifso,ifnecessary，ifany，ifinneed。2,状语从句中now(that),so…(that)句式中，that可省略3,虚拟语气倒装结构中省略if。选择填空1.______you’vetriedit,youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis.A.UnlessB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.When2.Heleftin______ahurry______heforgothiskey.A.such,thatB.so,thatC.thesame,asD.such,as3.Hehaslovedme______Iwerehisson.A.becauseB.asC.ifD.asthough4.Idon’tthinkI’llneedanymoneybutI’llbringsome______.A.aslastB.incaseC.onceagainD.intime5.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup______Icouldanswer.A.asB.sinceC.beforeD.until6.Wemustdoitwell,______therearealotofdifficulties.A.asifB.asthoughC.eventhoughD.evenas7.______hastakenpartintheAthensOlympicGamesisworthpraisingnomatter______hehaswonmedalsornot.A.Who;ifB.Anyone;whetherC.Whoever;whetherD.Whoever;how8.---It’salongtime______Isawyoulast.---Yes,andwhatapityitisnowthatitwillbealongtime______weseeeachotheragain.A.before;sinceB.since;whenC.since;beforeD.when;before9.Theheadofthecompanypromisedtodealwithmattersofthissort______hereturnedtohisoffice.A.untilB.whileC.bythetimeD.themoment10.Hehadalreadywalkedthreeorfourmiles______hesawacartbythesideoftheroad.A.whileB.whenC.themomentD.unless11.Much______theyoungcoupleneededmoneytomakethedownpaymentfortheapartment,theywouldn’tasktheirparentsforhelp.A.althoughB.asC.evenifD.while12.Ihavekeptthephoto______Icanalwaysseeit,asitremindsmeofthedayswhenIstudiedinBritain.A.atwhichB.whenC.whereD.attheplace13.Iwouldappreciateit______youcanhelpmewithmyEnglishthisafternoon.A.becauseB.untilC.whenD.if14.______youmayberight,Ican’taltogetheragree.A.AsB.WhileC.IfD.Since15.______was1998______Igraduatedfromtheuniversity.A.It;whenB.It;thatC.That;whenD.That;that16.Thefamousscientistgrewup______hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever17.“ItgivesmegreatjoyandIfeelmorepressurethanIdid______IwoninChina,”DingJunhuisaid.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.how18.Parentsshouldtakeseriouslytheirchildren’srequestsforsunglasses______eyeprotectionisnecessaryinsunnyweather.A.becauseB.throughC.unlessD.if19.Johnshuteveryoneoutofthekitchen_____hecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.A.whichB.whenC.sothatD.asif20.______everybodyknowsaboutit,Idon’twanttotalkanymore.A.ForB.EvenC.SinceD.However21.______he’sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So22.---Doyouknowifhe_______toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkhewillcomeifhe______freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe23.Inthezooifachild____intothewaterandcan’tswim,thedolphinsmaycomeup____him.A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelpC.willfall;helpD.falls;helping24.Idon’tremember________heworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.who25.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunt________tovisitustomorrow.A.comesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming26.Thepoliceaskedthechildren_______crossthestreet________thetrafficlightsturnedgreen.A.not;beforeB.don’t;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after27