2020年度大学英语四级真题模拟

大学英语四级真题

资料仅供参考

12月大学英语四级真

题

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30

minutestowriteashortessayentitledHow

ShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBe

Independent?Youshouldwriteatleast150

wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.当前不少父母为孩子包办一切

2.为了让孩子独立，父母应该……

HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBe

Independent?

资料仅供参考

PartIIReading

Comprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15

minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15

minutestogooverthepassagequicklyand

answerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.For

questions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthe

fourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].For

questions8-10,completethesentenceswiththe

informationgiveninthepassage.

AGrassrootsRemedy

Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthe

naturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,

playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drink

outsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,

liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buya

weekendplaceinthecountry.Themostpopular

leisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.

资料仅供参考

Andwhenjoggers（慢跑者）jog,theydon'trun

thestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheads

totheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbelief

thatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweall

seeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingso

ornot.

Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowing

upnature-deprived（丧失）.Ispentmyboyhood

climbingtreesonStreathamCommon,South

London.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedof

theseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslike

crime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesand

oddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestfor

children,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,

ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.

Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.Astudy

intheUS:familieshadmovedtobetterhousing

andthechildrenwereassessedforADHD—

attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder（多动症）.

Thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenatural

资料仅供参考

viewsshowedanimprovementof19%;those

whohadthesameimprovementinmaterial

surroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust

4%.

AstudyinSwedenindicatedthat

kindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayina

naturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreater

physicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoa

normalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthat

whenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanatural

environment,academiclevelswereraisedacross

theentireschool.

Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplay

differentlyinanaturalenvironment.In

playgrounds,childrencreateahierarchy（等级）

basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughones

takingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawas

plantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuch

moreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchy

wasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.

资料仅供参考

Mostbullying（恃强凌弱）isfoundin

schoolswherethereisatarmac（柏油碎石）

playground;theleastbullyingisinanatural

areathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.

ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhill

SchoolinStreatham,withitsharshtarmac,

whereIusedtohangaboutincorners

fantasisingaboutwildlife.

Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouraged

frominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,for

healthandsafetyreasons,forfearthatthey

mightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.

So,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildren

themselves:nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.

Oneofthegreatproblemsofmodern

childhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyand

expensivelytreatedwithdrugs.Yetonestudy

afteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnature

giveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,

资料仅供参考

wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreen

places.

Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetter

whentheyhaveaccesstonature.Theincreasing

emphasisforthegrowingpopulationofold

peopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.

Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthe

singlemostimportantthinginfindingthat

quality.

Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,

thereisevidencetoindicatethatnatural

surroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Even

problemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviour

arereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththe

naturalworld.

DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyal

SocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhis

study,“Anaturalenvironmentcanreduce

violentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocess

资料仅供参考

helpsreduceangerandimpulsivebehaviour.

Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,no

matterhowsmalltheircontribution.

Wetendtolookonnatureconservationas

somekindoffavourthathumanbeingsare

grantingtothenaturalworld.Theerrorhereis

fartoodeep:notonlydohumansneednature

forthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanity

andthenaturalworldareseparablethingsis

profoundlydamaging.

Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals

（哺乳动物）.Forsevenmillionyearstheylived

ontheplanetaspartofnature.Ourancestral

selvesmissthenaturalworldandlongfor

contactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohas

pattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewith

apintofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchof

flowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkona

niceday,understandsthat.

资料仅供参考

Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialto

ourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.

Withoutthewildworldwearenotmorebutless

civilised.Withoutotherlivingthingsaroundus

wearelessthanhuman.

Fivewaystofindharmonywiththenatural

world

Walk:Breaktherhythmofpermanently

beingunderaroof.Getoffastopearlier,makea

circuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechild

toandfromschool,getadog,feelyourself

movinginmovingair,look,listen,absorb.

Sit:Takeamoment,everynowandthen,to

bestillinanopenspace.Inthegarden,

anywherethat'snotintheoffice,anywhereout

ofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.Situndera

tree,lookatwater,feelrefreshed,eversoslightly

renewed.

资料仅供参考

Drink:Thebestwaytoenjoythenatural

worldisbyyourself;thesecondbestwayisin

company.Takeadrinkoutsidewithagood

person,agoodgathering:talkwiththesunand

thewindwithbirdsongforbackground.

Learn:Expandyourboundaries.Learnfive

speciesofbird,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,five

birdsongs.Thatway,youseeandhearmore:

andyourmindrespondsgratefullytothe

greateramountofwildnessinyourlife.

Travel:Theplacesyoualwayswantedto

visit:bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.

Takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthere

anddoit:forthescenery,forthewaythrough

thewoods,forthebirds,forthebees.Go

somewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.

Itlastsforever,afterall.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

资料仅供参考

1.Whatistheauthor'sprofoundbelief?

[A]Peopleinstinctivelyseeknaturein

differentways.

[B]Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlives

inthewild.

[C]Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptions

ofnature.

[D]Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudy

nature.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeopleprefer

fortheirchildrennowadays?

[A]Personalfreedom.

[B]Thingsthatarenatural.

[C]Urbansurroundings.

资料仅供参考

[D]Thingsthatarepurchased.

3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?

[A]Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelp

childrenlearnbetter.

[B]Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildren

lesslikelytofallill.

[C]Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdevelop

theirphysicalabilities.

[D]Naturalviewscanpreventchildren

fromdevelopingADHD.

4.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplore

naturalareas.

[A]tendtodevelopastrongloveforscience

资料仅供参考

[B]aremorelikelytofantasiseabout

wildlife

[C]tendtobephysicallytougherin

adulthood

[D]arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying

5.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoto

helpchildrenwithADHD?

[A]Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.

[B]Providemoregreenspacesforthem.

[C]Placethemundermorepersonalcare.

[D]Engagetheminmoremeaningful

activities.

6.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefit

fromtheircontactwithnature?

资料仅供参考

[A]Theylookonlifeoptimistically.[C]

Theyareabletolivelonger.

[B]Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.[D]

Theybecomegood-humoured.

7.DrWilliamBirdsuggestsinhisstudy

that・

[A]humanityandnatureare

complementarytoeachother

[B]wildplacesmayinduceimpulsive

behaviourinpeople

[C]accesstonaturecontributestothe

reductionofviolence

[D]ittakesalongtimetorestorenature

oncedamaged

资料仅供参考

8.Itisextremelyharmfultothinkthat

humanityandthenaturalworldcan

be.

9.Theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbe

socivilisedwithout.

10.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesat

theendofthepassagearemeanttoencourage

peopletoseekwiththe

naturalworld.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8

shortconversationsand2longconversations.At

theendofeachconversation,oneormore

questionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.

资料仅供参考

Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbe

spokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewill

beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthe

fourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],and

decidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.[A]Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.

[C]Thebeachresortisagoodchoice.

[B]Shecan'tstandthehotweather.[D]

SheenjoysstayinginWashington.

12.[A]Hernewresponsibilitiesinthe

company.

[B]Whatherjobprospectsare.

[C]Whatthecustomers?feedbackis.

资料仅供参考

[D]Thedirectorsopinionofherwork.

13.[A]Combinehertrainingwithdieting.

[B]Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.

[C]Avoidexcessivephysicaltraining.

[D]Includeweightliftingintheprogram.

14.[A]Whenshewillreturnhome.

[B]Whethershecangobyherself.

[C]Whethershecantravelbyair.

[D]Whenshewillcompletelyrecover.

15.[A]Thewomanknowshowtodealwith

thepolice.

资料仅供参考

[B]Thewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimes

before.

[C]Thewomanhadviolatedtraffic

regulations.

[D]Thewomanisgoodatfindingexcuses.

16.[A]Switchofftherefrigeratorfora

while.

[B]Havesomeonerepairtherefrigerator.

[C]Askthemantofixtherefrigerator.

[D]Buyarefrigeratorofbetterquality.

17.[A]Heownsapieceoflandinthe

downtownarea.

[B]Hehasgotenoughmoneytobuya

house.

资料仅供参考

[C]Hecanfinallydowhathehasdreamed

of.

[D]Heismovingintoabiggerapartment.

18.[A]Sheisblackandblueallover.

[B]Shehastogotoseeadoctor.

[C]Shestayedawayfromworkforafew

days.

[D]Shegothurtinanaccidentyesterday.

Questions19to21arebasedonthe

conversationyouhavejustheard.

19.[A]Shewasabankmanager.

[B]Shewasavictimoftherobbery.

资料仅供参考

[C]Shewasadefencelawyer.

[D]Shewasawitnesstothecrime.

20.[A]Atallmanwithdarkhairanda

moustache.

[B]Ayouthwithadistinguishingmarkon

hisface.

[C]Athirty-year-oldguywearingalight

sweater.

[D]Amedium-sizedyoungmancarryinga

gun.

21.[A]Identifythesuspectfrompictures.

[C]Haveherphototakenfortheirfiles.

[B]Goupstairstosignsomedocument.[D]

Verifytherecordofwhatshehadsaid.

资料仅供参考

Questions22to25arebasedonthe

conversationyouhavejustheard.

22.[A]Byreadinganewspaperad.[C]By

listeningtothemorningnews.

[B]ByseeingacommercialonTV.[D]By

callinganemploymentservice.

23.[A]Shecouldimproveherforeign

languages.

[B]Shecouldworkclosetoherfamily.

[C]Shecouldtraveloverseasfrequently.

[D]Shecoulduseherpreviousexperiences.

24.[A]Takingmanagementcourses.[C]

Workingasasecretary.

[B]TeachingEnglishatauniversity.[D]

资料仅供参考

StudyingforadegreeinFrench.

25.[A]Prepareforaninterviewinacouple

ofdays.

[B]Readtheadvertisementagainformore

details.

[C]Sendinawrittenapplicationassoonas

possible.

[D]Gettoknowthecandidatesontheshort

list.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3

shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,you

willhearsomequestions.Boththepassageand

thequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryou

hearaquestion,youmustchoosethebest

answerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],

资料仅供参考

[C]and[D].Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter

onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthe

centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

PassageOne

Questions26to29arebasedonthepassage

youhavejustheard.

26.[A]Theycannotseethefirefighters

becauseofthesmoke.

[B]Theydonotrealizethedangertheyare

in.

[C]Theycannothearthefirefightersfor

thenoise.

[D]Theymistakethefirefightersfor

monsters.

资料仅供参考

27.[A]HetravelsalloverAmericatohelp

putoutfires.

[B]Heoftenteacheschildrenwhattodo

duringafire.

[C]HeteachesSpanishinaSanFrancisco

community.

[D]Heprovidesoxygenmaskstochildren

freeofcharge.

28.[A]Hesavedthelifeofhisbrother

chokingonfood.

[B]Herescuedastudentfromabigfire.

[C]Heisverygoodatpublicspeaking.

[D]Hegivesinformativetalkstoyoung

children.

资料仅供参考

29.[A]Firefightersplayanimportantrole

inAmerica.

[B]Kidsshouldlearnnottobeafraidof

monsters.

[C]Carelessnesscanresultintragedies.

[D]Informativespeechescansavelives.

PassageTwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassage

youhavejustheard.

30.[A]Tosatisfytheneedsoftheirfamily.

[B]Tofullyrealizetheirpotential.

[C]Tomakemoneyforearlyretirement.

资料仅供参考

[D]Togainasenseoftheirpersonalworth.

31.[A]Theymayhavetocontinuetowork

inoldage.

[B]Theymayregretthetimetheywasted.

[C]Theymayhavenobodytodependonin

thefuture.

[D]Theymayhavefewerjobopportunities.

32.[A]Makingwiseuseofyourtime.

[B]Enjoyingyourselfwhileyoucan.

[C]Savingasmuchasyoucan.

[D]Workinghardandplayinghard.

PassageThree

资料仅供参考

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassage

youhavejustheard.

33.[A]Hardworkingstudentsbeing

accusedofcheating.

[B]Boystudentsbeingoftentreatedas

law-breakers.

[C]Innocentpeoplebeingsuspected

groundlessly.

[D]Junioremployeesbeingmadetowork

overtime.

34.[A]Forbiddingstudentstotakefoodout

oftherestaurant.

[B]Requestingcustomerstopaybefore

takingthefood.

[C]Askingcustomerstoleavetheirbagson

资料仅供参考

thecounters.

[D]Allowingonlytwostudentstoenterata

time.

35.[A]Hewastakentothemanager.[C]

Hewasaskedtoleave.

[B]Hewascloselywatched.[D]Hewas

overcharged.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheara

passagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisread

forthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyfor

itsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadfor

thesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillinthe

blanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexact

wordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanks

numberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofill

inthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,

资料仅供参考

youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejust

heardorwritedownthemainpointsinyour

ownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadfor

thethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhave

written.

注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。

Writingkeepsusintouchwithotherpeople.

Wewritetocommunicatewithrelativesand

friends.Wewriteto(36)our

familyhistoriessoourchildrenand

grandchildrencanlearnand(37)

theirheritage(传统).With

computersandInternetconnectionsinsomany

(38),colleges,business,people

e-mailingfriendsandrelativesallthetime一or

talkingtotheminwritinginonline(39)

rooms.Itischeaperthancalling

longdistance,andalotmore(40)

thanwaitinguntilSundayfor

thetelephone(41)todrop.

资料仅供参考

Studentsaree-mailingtheirprofessorsto(42)

anddiscusstheirclassroom

assignmentsandto(43)them.

Theyaree-mailingclassmatestodiscussand

collaborate(合作)onhomework.(44)

Despitethegrowingimportanceof

computers,however,therewillalwaysbeaplace

andneedforthepersonalletter.(45)

•Nomatterwhatthecontentofthe

message,itsrealpointis,“Iwantyoutoknow

thatIcareaboutyou.”(46)

__________________________,butonlyinthe

successofhumanrelationships.

PartIVReadingComprehension(Readingin

Depth)(25minutes)

资料仅供参考

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisa

passagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredto

selectonewordforeachblankfromalistof

choicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe

passage.Readthepassagethroughcarefully

beforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthe

bankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthe

correspondingletterforeachitemonAnswer

Sheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.You

maynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmore

thanonce.

Questions47to56arebasedonthe

followingpassage.

Whatdeterminesthekindofpersonyou

are?Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold,

intelligent,orabletoreadamap?Allofthese

areinfluencedbytheinteractionofyourgenes

andtheenvironmentinwhichyouwere47.The

资料仅供参考

studyofhowgenesandenvironmentinteractto

influence48activityisknownasbehavioral

genetics.Behavioralgeneticshasmade

important49tothebiologicalrevolution,

providinginformationabouttheextenttowhich

biologyinfluencesmind,brainandbehavior.

Anyresearchthatsuggeststhat50to

perforincertainbehaviorsarebasedinbiology

iscontroversial.Whowantstobetoldthatthere

arelimitationstowhatyoucan51basedon

somethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol,suchas

yourgenes?Itiseasytoacceptthatgenes

controlphysicalcharacteristicssuchassex,race

andeyecolor.Butcangenesalsodetermine

whetherpeoplewillgetdivorced,how52they

are,orwhatcareertheyarelikelytochoose?A

concernofpsychologicalscientistsisthe53to

whichallofthesecharacteristicsareinfluenced

bynatureandnurture（养育），bygeneticmakeup

andtheenvironment.Increasingly,science54

thatgeneslaythegroundworkformanyhuman

资料仅供参考

traits.Fromthisperspective,peopleareborn55

likeundevelopedphotographs:Theimageis

alreadycaptured,butthewayit56appearscan

varybasedonthedevelopmentprocess.

However,thebasicpictureistherefromthe

beginning.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

[A]abilities[I]extent

[B]achieve[J]indicates

[C]appeal[K]proceeds

[D]complaints[L]psychological

[E]contributions[M]raised

[F]displayed[N]smart

[G]essentially[O]standard

资料仅供参考

[H]eventually

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthis

section.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunHnishedstatements.Foreachof

themtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]

and[D].Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice

andmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthe

followingpassage.

Itisprettymuchaone-waystreet.Whileit

maybecommonforuniversityresearchersto

trytheirluckinthecommercialworld,thereis

verylittletrafficintheoppositedirection.Pay

资料仅供参考

hasalwaysbeenthebiggestdeterrent,aspeople

withfamiliesoftenfeeltheycannotaffordthe

dropinsalarywhenmovingtoauniversityjob.

Forsomeindustrialscientists,however,the

attractionsofacademia（学术界）outweighany

financialconsiderations.

HelenLeetooka70%cutinsalarywhen

shemovedfromaseniorpostinAbbott

Laboratoriestoamedicaldepartmentatthe

UniversityofCambridge.Hermainreasonfor

returningtoacademiamid-careerwastotake

advantageofthegreaterfreedomtochoose

researchquestions.Someareasofinquiryhave

fewprospectsofacommercialreturn,andLee's

isoneofthem.

Theimpactofasalarycutisprobablyless

severeforascientistintheearlystagesofa

career.GuyGrant,nowaresearchassociateat

theUnileverCentreforMolecularInformatics

attheUniversityofCambridge,spenttwoyears

资料仅供参考

workingforapharmaceutical（制药的）

companybeforereturningtouniversityasa

post-doctoralresearcher.Hetooka30%salary

cutbutfeltitworthwhileforthegreater

intellectualopportunities.

Higheruptheladder,whereapaycutis

usuallymoresignificant,thedemandfor

scientistswithawealthofexperienceinindustry

isforcinguniversitiestomakethetransition（转

换）toacademiamoreattractive,accordingto

Lee.Industrialscientiststendtoreceivetraining

thatacademicsdonot,suchashowtobuilda

multidisciplinaryteam,managebudgetsand

negotiatecontracts.Theyarealsowellplacedto

bringsomethingextratotheteachingsideofan

academicrolethatwillhelpstudentsgetajob

whentheygraduate,saysLee,perhaps

experienceinmanufacturingpracticeor

productdevelopment.“Onlyasmallnumberof

undergraduateswillcontinueinanacademic

career.Sosomeoneleavinguniversitywho

资料仅供参考

alreadyhastheskillsneededtoworkinan

industriallabhasfarmorepotentialinthejob

marketthansomeonewhohasspentalltheir

timeonanarrowresearchproject.99

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57.By“aone-waystreetw(Line1,Para.1),

theauthormeans.

[A]universityresearchersknowlittleabout

thecommercialworld

[B]thereislittleexchangebetweenindustry

andacademia

[C]fewindustrialscientistswouldquitto

workinauniversity

[D]fewuniversityprofessorsarewillingto

doindustrialresearch

资料仅供参考

58.Theword“deterrent”(Line2,Para.1)

mostprobablyreferstosomethingthat

[A]keepssomeonefromtakingaction[C]

attractspeople'sattention

[B]helpstomovethetraffic[D]brings

someoneafinancialburden

59.WhatwasHelenLee'smajor

considerationwhenshechangedherjobinthe

middleofhercareer?

[A]Flexibleworkhours.[C]Herpreference

forthelifestyleoncampus.

[B]Herresearchinterests.[D]Prospectsof

academicaccomplishments.

60.GuyGrantchosetoworkasa

researcheratCambridgeinorderto.

资料仅供参考

[A]dofinanciallymorerewardingwork

[B]raisehisstatusintheacademicworld

[C]enrichhisexperienceinmedical

research

[D]exploitbetterintellectualopportunities

61.Whatcontributioncanindustrial

scientistsmakewhentheycometoteachina

university?

[A]Increaseitsgraduates?competitiveness

inthejobmarket.

[B]Developitsstudentspotentialin

research.

[C]Helpittoobtainfinancialsupportfrom

industry.

资料仅供参考

[D]Gearitsresearchtowardspractical

applications.

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthe

followingpassage.

Beingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoadd

yearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,

friends,neighbours,evenpets,willalldothe

trick,butthebiggestlongevity（长寿）boost

seemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalent

relationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858

byWilliamFarr,whowrotethatwidowsand

widowers（鳏夫）wereatamuchhigherriskof

dyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessince

thensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuch

assevenyearstoaman'slifeandtwotoa

woman's.Theeffectholdsforallcausesof

death,whetherillness,accidentorself-harm.

资料仅供参考

Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,

marriagecanmorethancompensate.Linda

WaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfound

thatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecan

expecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthanan

unmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,

amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapacka

dayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedman

whodoesn'tsmoke.There'saflipside,however,

aspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordie

inthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse's

death,andcaringforaspousewithmental

disordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesame

severeproblems.Evenso,theoddsfavour

marriage.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan

10,000people,NicholasChristakisofHarvard

MedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocial

networkshavesimilareffects.

Sohowdoesitwork?Theeffectsare

complex,affectedbysocio-economicfactors,

资料仅供参考

health-serviceprovision,emotionalsupportand

othermorephysiological（生理的）mechanisms.

Forexample,socialcontactcanboost

developmentofthebrainandimmunesystem,

leadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceof

depressionlaterinlife.Peopleinsupportive

relationshipsmayhandlestressbetter.Then

therearethepsychologicalbenefitsofa

supportivepartner.

Alifepartner,childrenandgoodfriends

areallrecommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.

Theultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeing

mappedout,butChristakissays:aPeopleare

interconnected,sotheirhealthis

interconnected.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

62.WilliamFair'sstudyandotherstudies

showthat.

资料仅供参考

[A]sociallifeprovidesaneffectivecurefor

illness

[B]beingsociablehelpsimproveone's

qualityoflife

[C]womenbenefitmorethanmenfrom

marriage

[D]marriagecontributesagreatdealto

longevity

63.LindaWaite'sstudies