高考英语一轮复习专题02TheOlympicGames(教学案)

专题02TheOlympicGames【考纲解读】经过对古代和现代奥运会的认识，增添对阅读文章的理解。经过学习文章认识更多的对于古代和现代奥运会的差异，激发学生更深层次地认识奥运会的发展史。【高频单词】1．ancient(adj.)古代的；古老的2．compete(vi.)比赛；竞争→competition(n.)竞争→competitive(adj.)竞争的；有竞争性的→competitor(n.)竞争者3．Greece(n.)希腊→Greek(adj.)希腊(人)的；希腊语的(n.)希腊人；希腊语4．magical(adj.)巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的→magic(n.)魔术；法术；巫术5．volunteer(n.)志愿者；志愿兵(adj.)志愿的；义务的(vt.&vi.)自发voluntary(adj.)6．regular(adj.)规则的；按期的；惯例的→regulation(n.)规则；规章制度7．basis(n.)基础；依据→bases(pl.)基础；依据→basic(adj.)基本的；基础的8．admit(vt.&vi.)允许；认可；采取→admission(n.)准入；允许→admitted(过去式/过去分词)9．slave(n.)奴隶→slavery(n.)奴隶制10．host(vt.)做东；主办；款待(n.)主人11．responsibility(.)责任；职责→responsible(adj.)有责任心的n12．replace(vt.)取代；替代；取代13．swift(adj.)快的；快速的14．charge(vt.&vi.)收费；控告(n.)花费；主管15．physical(adj.)物理的；身体的→physics物理学16．advertise(vt.&vi.)做广告；登广告→advertiser(n.)广告商advertisement(n.)广告17．bargain(vi.)讲价还价；讲条件(n.)廉价货18．hopeless(adj.)没有希望的；无望的→hopeful(adj.)有希望的19．foolish(adj.)愚笨的；傻的→fool(vt.)捉弄；欺诈20．pain(n.)痛苦；难过→painful(adj.)令人难过的21．deserve(vi.&vt.)应受(报恩或处罚)；值得【要点短语】1．in_charge主管；看守2．on_purpose成心地；蓄意地3．make_a_bargain_with_sb.与某人达成协议；与某人讲价还价4．pick_up拾起；接收；乘车；恢复；好转；(有时)学会5．work_out计算出；理解；解决；锻炼26．one_after_another陆续地；一个接一个地7．compete_in参加(比赛，比赛)8．take_part_in参加；参加9．stand_for代表；象征；表示10．as_well也；又；还11．apart_from除以外【热门句型】1．nor放于句首的倒装句Noothercountriescouldjoinin,nor_could_slaves_or_women(奴隶和妇女也不能参加)！(教材P10)2．notonly...but(also)．..“不单并且”Womenarenot_only_allowed(不只被同意)，but_play_a_very_important_role_in(而且在中发挥重要作用)gymnastics,athletics,teamsportsand...(教材P10)3．asmuch＋不行数名词＋as...“和(在程度上)是同样的”There'sas_much_competitionamongcountriestohosttheOlympicsas_to_win_Olympic_medals(跟抢夺奥运奖牌同样强烈)．(教材P10)4．the＋比较级(...)，the＋比较级(...)“越就越”Thisisimportantbecausethe_more_you_speak_English,_the_better_your_English_will_become(你说英语越多，你的英语就越好)．3高频考点一、单词例1、competevi.比赛；竞争HowmanycountriescompetedintheancientOlympicGames？(P9)有多少国家参加了古代奥运会？【概括拓展】(1)competein参加比赛/竞争competefor为而竞争competeagainst/withsb.forsth.与某人竞争某物(2)competitionn．比赛；竞争competitorn．比赛者；敌手competitiveadj.有竞争力的；竞争性的【名师点睛】compete多用作不及物动词，一定跟合适的介词才能跟宾语。表示与某人比赛用with或against；表示比赛的目的用for；表示比赛参加的项目时用in。【语境助记】4①Likemanyyoungathletes,shehadOlympicdreams,butaseriousillnesskeptherfromcompeting_intheGames.和其余的年青运动员同样，她也有奥运梦想，但严重的疾病使她没法参加奥运会比赛。②Lifeislikealongracewherewecompete_withotherstogobeyondourselves.人生就像长跑比赛，在这场比赛中我们常常在与别人的竞争过程中来超越自己。③Youngchildrenwillusuallycompete_fortheirmothers'attention.儿童往常都会在母亲眼前争宠。④Nobodycanentirelykeepawayfromthiscompetitiveworld.没有人能够完整远离这个充满竞争的社会。⑤Thereisnowintensecompetitionbetweenschoolstoattractstudents.此刻学校之间为了招揽生源睁开了强烈竞争。例2、admitvt.&vi.允许；认可；采取；容纳Onlyathleteswhohavereachedtheagreedstandardfortheireventwillbeadmittedascompetitors.(P10)只有比赛项目达标的运动员才有资格成为参赛者。【概括拓展】(1)admit＋n./doing/havingdone/that从句认可某事/(已经)做了某事admittosb.that向某人认可admitsb./sth.to_be...认可某人/物是5beadmittedas作为被接受beadmittedto/into获准进入/加入Itisadmittedthat...人们公认(2)admissionn．进入；同意；入场券；认可，坦率【语境助记】Hewasadmitted_asamemberofthebaseballteam.他被接受成为棒球队的一名队员。②Itis_admitted_thatreadingismostlyapersonalactivitieswhichneedsquietnessandconcentration.人们公认，念书在很大程度上是一个个人活动，它需要寂静和专心。③Theexamsarelikelytoworkoutasexpectedandmydreamto_be_admitted_intomyfavoriteuniversitywillcometrue.考试结果很可能如我所料，我被我最喜爱的大学录取的梦想将会实现。④Whenthepolicequestionedhim,Georgeadmittedhaving_stolenthecar.当警察审问他时，乔治认可他偷了那辆车。⑤Shefailedtogainadmission_totheuniversityofherchoice.她未被自己选择的大学录取。⑥Icouldn'tadmit_tomyparentsthatIwasfindingthecoursedifficult.我没法向父亲母亲真话实说，我感觉这门课程很难。6例3、replacevt.取代；替代；取代；把放回原处Soeventheolivewreathhasbeenreplaced！(P10)就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！【概括拓展】replacesth.with/bysth.用替代taketheplaceof＝take_one's_place取代inplaceof取代replacementn.替代；改换；接替者【语境助记】Itisgenerallybelievedthatteacherswillneverbereplaced_bycomputersinclass.人们广泛认为在讲堂上老师永久不会被电脑取代。②It'snotagoodideatomissmealsandreplacethemwithsnacks.不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是什么好想法。③Theglassdoorshave_taken_the_place_ofthewoodenonesattheentrance.玻璃门已经取代了进口处的木门。Hewasunabletocometotheceremony,buthesenthissontoaccepttheawardin_place_ofhim.他不可以亲身来参加仪式，但派了他儿子前来代他领奖。7例4、chargen．花费；主管vt.&vi.收费；控告；充电...dutytobeinchargeandgetintroubleifthingsgowrong.(P12)所负担的责任以及事情犯错后会堕入的麻烦。【概括拓展】(1)chargesb.forsth.为某物向某人收费chargesb.withsth.指控某人某事(2)inchargeof主管；看守；负责inthechargeof...在掌管之下takechargeof负责；掌管freeofcharge免费【名师点睛】(1)inchargeof常常以人作主语，指“某人负责(主管)某事”；inthechargeof常常以物作主语，指“某物由某人主管”。近似的还有inthepossessionof和inpossessionof，incontrolof和inthecontrolof等。(2)charge和accuse都有“指控，指控”之意，可是charge常与介词with搭配，而accuse常与介词of搭配。【语境助记】Hewas_in_charge_of/took_charge_ofthecompanywhilethebosswasabsent.当老板不在时，他负责整个企业。②Aslongasyou'vepaidinadvance,wewon'tcharge_you_fordelivery.8只需你早先付款，我们就不收你送货费。Bobwas_charged_withthemurder,butherefusedtoadmitit.鲍勃因一同谋杀案被指控，但他没有认可。④Wecandelivergoodstoyourdoorfree_of_charge.我们能够免费送货上门。例5、bargainvi.&vt.讲价还价；讲条件n．廉价货Herfathersaidthatshemustmarry,soAtalantamadeabargainwithhim.(P14)父亲说她一定成婚，于是阿塔兰忒就和父亲达成了一个协议。【概括拓展】(1)bargainwithsb.about/over/forsth.和某人就某事讲价还价(2)makeabargainwithsb.和某人达成协议(3)agood/badbargain买得(不)合算It's_a_real_bargain.这可真是个廉价货。【名师点睛】【语境助记】Theywere_bargaining_witheachotherabout/overthepriceofcoffee.他们在为咖啡的价钱进行商讨。②Fathermade_a_bargain_withtherealestateagentwhenweboughtournewhouse.9当我们买新房时，父亲与那个房地产经纪人达成了协议。③Inmyopinion,thecarwasabargainatthatprice.依我来看，那辆车的价钱真廉价。例6、deservevi.&vt.值得；应当(遇到)DoyouthinkHippomenesdeservedtowintherace？(P15)你认为希波墨涅斯应当(算)博得比赛吗？【概括拓展】(1)deserve_sth.值得；应受(2)deserveto_do应当做某事(3)deservedoing/tobedone应受；值得(4)deservingadj.值得的；应得的【名师点睛】deserve后接名词或doingsth.，常用主动形式表示被动意义，等于接动词不定式的被动语态，该用法与want，need，require的近似用法同样。【语境助记】①Sheworkeddayandnightandnowshedeserves_a_good_rest.她昼夜工作，此刻她应当获取很好的歇息。Hedeserves_to_loseinthecompetitionbecausehecheated.他该死输掉比赛，由于他舞弊了。10③Nomatterhowordinaryajobis,itplaysapartinsocietyandthereforedeserves_our_respect.不论一个工作多么一般，它在社会中都起着一份作用，所以值得我们的尊敬。Itisthosewhoarewillingtogiveratherthanreceivethatdeserverespecting/to_be_respected.正是那些宁愿奉献而不讨取的人材值得敬爱。⑤Themandonatesmoneytoadeservingcauseeveryyear.这个男人每年都要捐款给一个值得资助的事业。高频考点二、短语例1takepartin参加；参加WhocouldnottakepartintheancientOlympicGames？(P9)谁不可以参加古代奥运会？【概括拓展】takepartin＝joinin参加takeanactivepartin踊跃参加playapartin在中起作用；在中饰演角色【名师点睛】(1)takepartin是固定短语，part前一般不用冠词，可是当part前有形容词修饰时，形容词前要用不定冠词。(2)在使用takepartin时，若后来无宾语，则不加介词in。11【语境助记】Take_part_ineco－travelandyouwillfinditwillhelpyouunderstandtheimportanceofnature.参加生态旅行，你就会发现这项活动有助于你理解自然的重要性。②Itgoeswithoutsayingthattaking_an_active_part_in_social_activitiescanbroadenourhorizons.不问可知，踊跃参加社会活动能宽阔我们的视线。③Chinaisplaying_a_more_important_part_intheinternationalaffairs.中国在国际事务中正起着愈来愈重要的作用。[一言辨异]Mybrotherattendedalawschoolafterheleftmiddleschool.Yesterdayhetook_part_inthemeetingheldinhisclass.Hejoined_inthediscussionwhethertheywouldjoinatheaterclub.Atlast,moststudentssignedupforit,includingmybrother.我的哥哥中学毕业后上了一所法律学校。昨天，他参加了一场在他们班举行的会议。他参加谈论了能否他们应当参加一个戏剧俱乐部。最后，很多学生报名参加了，也包含我的哥哥。例2、usedto过去常常；过去以前(后接动词原形)IusedtowriteabouttheOlympicGamesalongtimeago.(P9)好久从前，我常常写一些对于奥运会的状况。【概括拓展】(1)否认形式：usednotto＋动词原形＝usedn'tto＋动词原形12didnotuseto＋动词原形＝didn'tuseto＋动词原形疑问形式：used＋主语＋to＋动词原形＝did＋主语＋use＋to＋动词原形(3)Thereusedtobe...过去以前有；过去曾存在(4)beusedto_dosth.被用来做beusedtodoingsth.习惯于【语境助记】Iused_tosmoke,butIgaveupacoupleofyearsago.我从前抽烟，但几年前就戒掉了。②Weare/get_used_tothenoisefromthetrafficnow.此刻我们已经适应车辆来往的噪音了。③I'mnotusedtoeating_so_muchatlunchtime.我不习惯午餐吃那么多。例3、aswell也；又；还(常放在句子末端，作为副词短语使用)ForeachOlympics,aspecialvillageisbuiltforthemtolivein,amainreceptionbuilding,severalstadiumsforcompetitions,andagymnasiumaswell.(P10)每届奥运会都要建一个特别的乡村(奥运村)供参赛的人住宿，一个主招待楼、几个比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。【概括拓展】13(1)aswellas用作连词，连结两个同样成分，如：名词、形容词、动词、介词等，往常不位于句首。此时aswellas重申的要点在前面，意为“不只并且；既又；除了以外，还有”。(2)aswellas作介词，相当于besides,_in_addition_to，意为“除以外，还”，后边往常接名词或动词ing形式。(3)当主语含有aswellas时，谓语动词须和aswellas前面的主语在数上保持一致。(4)may/mightaswell表示委宛的建议，一般是针对当时的状况提出此外的建议，意思是“我们不如；我们仍是吧”。【语境助记】[2016·北京高考]Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskas_well.新经历常常意味着冒一些风险，这样你的大脑也就提升了风险承受的能力。②[2016·江苏高考]Sheintendstofighttomakeitawoman'sas_well_asaman'sworld.她打算为使这个世界不单属于男性，也属于女性而奋斗。③Shecansing;shecanplaythepianoas_well.她会唱歌，她也会弹钢琴。④Futureagricultureshoulddependonhightechnologyas_well_astraditionalmethods.未来的农业应依靠传统方式，也要靠高科技。⑤Theweatherissobadthatwemay/might_as_wellstayathome.14天气太糟了，我们倒不如待在家里。易混辨析as用于必定句，只用于句尾wellalso用于必定句，常用于句中(动词前面或系动词be后边)too用于必定句，往常用在句尾，前面常有逗号，也可用在句中，前后都有逗号eithe用于否认句，常用于语句末r⑥用aswell,also,too和either填空a．NotonlyIlikethismovie,butmymotherlikesitas_well.b．Theresearchersalsolookedatwhethertheteenshadbeentryingtoloseweight.c．Onceunited,wecommonpeopleareabletoconquernature,too.d．Hedidnotevensayanythingtoher,andshedidnotspeaktohimeither.高频考点三、句型例1、Noothercountriescouldjoinin,nor_could_slaves_or_women!(P10)其余国家不可以参加，奴隶和妇女也不可以参加！【概括拓展】句型“nor/neither＋系动词/助动词/神态动词＋另一个主语”用于否认陈说句以后，表示“也不”。句型“so＋系动词/助动词/神态动词＋另一个主语”用于必定陈说句以后，表示前面所说的状况也合适于另一个人或物。15(3)句型“soitis(was)with/itis(was)thesamewith＋另一主语”既能表示肯定意义，又能表示否认意义，其主要用于以下状况：①上文有两个分句；②上文有两个(或两个以上)不一样谓语；③上文既有必定也有否认。句型“so＋主语＋系动词/助动词/神态动词”中的主语与前一句的主语往常是指同一个人或物，主语、谓语不需要倒装。这类句型表示说话者赞成前句所提到的状况或事实，此中的so作“不错；的确这样”讲。(5)“主语＋do＋so”在上下文顶用来防止重复，可译为“某人/物那样做了”。【语境助记】Janewon'tjoinusfordinnertonightandnor/neither_will_Tom.简今夜不会和我们一同吃晚餐，汤姆也不会。②Franklikestokeeppetsandso_does_his_wife.弗兰克喜爱养宠物，他老婆也同样。MarywasborninAustraliaandshelivedintheUnitedStates.So_it_was_with_Jane./It_was_the_same_with_Jane.玛丽在澳大利亚出生，在美国居住。简也是。④—Putinhasbeennamedtheworld'smostpowerfulpersonbyForbesmagazineforthethirdyearinarow.—So_he_has.16——普京在连续三年中第三年被评为《福布斯》全世界最具权利人物。——的确是。⑤HeaskedmetocomeandI_did_so.他让我来，于是我就来了。例2、There'sas_much_competitionamongcountriestohosttheOlympicsastowinOlympicmedals.(P10)国与国之间争取奥运会举办权的竞争，就跟抢夺奥运奖牌同样强烈。【概括拓展】(1)as...as“像那样；正如”。第一个as为副词，修饰形容词或副词原级。第二个as能够是连词，指引比较状语从句；也能够是介词，后加名词或代词。当as...as中间出名词时，应采纳以下格式：as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋as或as＋many/much＋n.(复数/不行数)＋as(2)否认句式：notas/so...as...意为“不如”(3)．..timesas＋adj./adv.＋as...“是的几倍”。表达倍数的词一定置于比较构造从前。(两倍时用twice)【语境助记】①Obviously,theboydoesn'tworkas_hard_asmanyofhisclassmates.明显，这个男孩不像他的很多同学那么勤苦。②Gettingridofabadhabitisas_muchastruggleasformingagoodone.挣脱坏习惯就像养成好习惯同样需要艰辛努力。17Shehasas_sweet_a_voice_ashermother.她有像她妈妈的同样甜美的声音。④Petrolisthreetimesas_expensive_asitwasafewyearsagoinChina.在中国汽油比几年前贵了两倍。例3、Thisisimportantbecausethe_moreyouspeakEnglish,the_betteryourEnglishwillbecome.(P16)这是重要的，由于你讲英语越多，你的英语将越好。【概括拓展】“the＋比较级＋(主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级＋(主语＋谓语)”意为“越就越”。“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“愈来愈”，表示自己程度的变化。【名师点睛】“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”构造有时能够转变为if条件从句，如：下边例①可改为：Youwillmakegreaterprogressifyouworkharder.【语境助记】The_harderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.你工作越努力，进步就越大。The_more_careful_you_are,_thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越当心，你犯的错就会越少。The_higheryoustand,the_fartheryouwillsee.18你站得越高就看得越远。More_and_more_carsarerunninginthestreetstoday,inwhichcase,more_and_more_waste_gaswillbereleasedintotheair.在今日愈来愈多的汽车在街上穿越，在这类状况下，将会有愈来愈多的废气被排入空气中。高频考点四、语法一般未来时的被动语态定义一般未来时的被动语态表示在此刻看来未来某一时刻或时段里立刻要发生的被动动作。句中常有tomorrow,soon,nextyear,inafewdays,inthefuture,sometime等时间状语。2.构造(1)will/shallbedoneIfyouparkyourcarhere,youwillbefined.假如你将车停在这儿，你将被罚款。(2)am/is/aregoingtobedone表示计划、安排或打算被做Theselettersaregoingtobetypedandsentoffverysoon.这些信函将很快打好并发出。(3)am/is/aretobedone表示注定要、必定会被做或计划、安排将要发生的被动动作Themachinesaretoberepairedtonight.19今夜必定会维修这些机器。(4)am/is/areabouttobedone表示立刻或立刻就要发生的被动动作Thepollutedwaterisabouttobecleaned.被污染的水立刻被净化。(5)am/is/aredone用于状语从句中表示未来要发生或达成的被动动作Whenourclassroomisdecorated,itwillbemorebeautiful.当我们的教室被装饰完成时，它会更为美丽。(6)will/shall＋getdoneTheworkerswillgetpaidbeforetheendofDecember.这些工人将在12月尾前拿到薪资。【2018·江苏】请仔细阅读以下短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最正确选项,并在答题卡大将该项涂黑。ATheMetropolitanMuseumofArt1000FifthAvenueNewYork,NY10028EntrancesFifthAvenueat82ndStreet20HoursOpen7daysaweek.Sunday-Thursday10:00-17:30FridayandSaturday10:00-21:00ClosedThanksgivingDay,December25,January1,andthefirstMondayinMay.Admission$25.00recommendedforadults,$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloisters(回廊）onthesameday;freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.FreewithAdmissionAllspecialexhibitions,aswellasfilms,lectures,guidedtours,concerts,gallerytalks,andfamily/children'sprogramsarefreewithadmission.Askabouttoday'sactivitiesattheGreatHallInformationDesk.TheCloistersMuseumandGardensTheCloistersmuseumandgardensisabranchofTheMetropolitanMuseumofArtdevotedtotheartandarchitectureofEuropeintheMiddleAges.Theextensivecollectionconsistsofmasterworksinsculpture,coloredglass,andpreciousobjectsfromEuropedatingfromaboutthe9thtothe15thcentury.Hours:Open7daysaweek.March-October10:00-17:15November-February10:00-16:45ClosedThanksgivingDay,December25,andJanuary1.Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?A.$12.B.$37.C.$50.D.$62TheattractionoftheCloistersmuseumandgardensliesinthefactthat________.A.itopensalltheyearroundB.itscollectionsdatefromtheMiddleAges21C.ithasamodernEuropean-stylegardenD.itsellsexcellentEuropeanglasscollections【文章粗心】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了英国艺术博物馆和修道院博物馆的观光指南，包含观光时间、价钱、特色等。57.B细节理解题。依据TheCloistersMuseumandGardens部分第一句“TheCloistersmuseumandgardensisabranchofTheMetropolitanMuseumofArtdevotedtotheartandarchitectureofEuropeintheMiddleAges.”可知，修道院博物馆和花园的珍藏品来自中世纪欧洲，应选B项。BInthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted(享有）aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsomme.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze'schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta(意大利面食）whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad:thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypes22longerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:putonsomeMozart(莫扎特）.Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—"bad"tables,crowding.highprices—don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot"beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad'tables,"giventhatthey'reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet'spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.58.Theunderlinedphrase"nonethewiser"inparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.A.notawareofeatingmorethanusualB.notwillingtosharefoodwithothersC.notconsciousofthefoodqualityD.notfondofthefoodprovidedHowcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?A.playingclassicalmusic.B.Introducinglemonscent.C.Makingthelightbrighter,D.Usingplatesoflargersize.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.23B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.C.Waystoimproverestaurants'reputation.D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.【答案】【分析】本文为谈论文。本文介绍了现代餐馆刺激花费和食欲的几种方法，以及人们对餐厅的一些错误见解。细节理解题。依据第四段中的Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:putonsomeMozart(莫扎特）可知，要想让客人呆的时间更长应当播放莫扎特等古典音乐而不是流行音乐。Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.引入薰衣草香而不是柠檬香，而D项文章没有说起，所以用清除方法能够选A。60.要旨粗心题。依据文章最后一段第一句Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—"bad"tables,crowding，highprices—don'tnecessarily.可知，你认为可能会影响人们花费的要素如：不好的桌子，拥堵以及高价等不必定会真影响人们的花费，而后挨次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭馆的几个误会，故选D。CIfyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,you'dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.Butinagriculture,smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.Byconnectingdirectlywithcustomers,andbyrespondingquicklytochangesinthemarketsaswellasintheecosystems(生态系统）,smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.Astheco-founderoftheNationalYoungFarmersCoalition(NYFC,美国青年农会）andafamilyfarmermyself.Ihaveafront-rowseattotheinnovationsamong24smallfarmersthataretransformingtheindustry.Forexample,taketheQuickCutGreensHarvester,atooldevelopedjustacoupleofyearsagobyayoungfarmer,JonathanDysinger,inTennessee,withasmallloanfromalocalSlowMoneygroup.Itenablessmall-scalefarmerstoharvest175poundsofgreenvegetablesperhour—ahugeimprovementoverharvestingjustafewdozenpoundsbyhand—suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.Beforethetoolcameout,smallfarmerscouldn'ttouchthepriceperpoundofferedbyCaliforniafarms.Butnow,withthecombinationofabetterpricepointandagenerallyfresherproduct,theycanstayinbusiness.Thesustainablesuccessofsmallfarmers,though,won'thappenwithoutfundamentalchangestotheindustry.Onecrucialfactorissecureaccesstoland.Competitionfrominvestors.developers,andestablishedlargefarmersmakesowningone'sownlandunattainableformanynewfarmers.From2004to2013,agriculturallandvaluesdoubled,andtheycontinuetoriseinmanyregions.Anotherchallengeformorethanamillionofthemostqualifiedfarmworkersandmanagersisanon-existentpathtocitizenship—thegreatestbarriertobuildingafarmoftheirown.Withfarmersovertheageof65outnumbering(多于）farmersyoungerthan35bysixtoone,andwithtwo-thirdsofthenation'sfarmlandinneedofanewfarmer,wemustclearthepathfortalentedpeoplewillingtogrowthenation'sfood.Therearesolutionsthatcouldlightapathtowardamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy,butfarmerscan'tclumsilyputthemtogetherbeforeus.WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongresstoincreasefarmlandconservation,aswepushforimmigrationreform,andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofadiverseandambitiousnextgenerationoffarmsfromallbackgrounds.WithanewfarmbilltobedebatedinCongress,consumersmusttakeastandwithyoungfarmers.61.Theauthormentionscarindustryatthebeginningofthepassagetointroduce.25A.theprogressmadeincarindustryB.aspecialfeatureofagricultureC.atrendofdevelopmentinagricultureD.theimportanceofinvestingincarindustryWhatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratewiththeexampleinparagraph2?A.Loanstosmalllocalfarmersarenecessary.D.Smallfarmersmaygainsomeadvantagesoverbigones.Whatisthedifficultyforthosenewfamers?A.Togainmorefinancialaid.B.Tohiregoodfarmmanagers.C.Tohavefansoftheirown.D.Towinoldfarmers’support.Whatshouldfarmersdoforamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy?A.SeeksupportbeyondNYFC.B.Expandfarmlandconservation.C.BecomemembersofNYFC.D.Investmoretoimprovetechnology.【答案】64.A【分析】本文为说明文。文章作者作为全国青年农民结盟（NYFC）的结合首创人，剖析了美国小农场的特色及当前美国小农场所面对的问题，敦促国会对某些领域进行改革以支持美国国内小农场的发展62.推理判断题。依据文章第二段第二句Itenablessmall-scalefarmerstoharvest175poundsofgreenvegetablesperhour—ahugeimprovementoverharvestingjust26afewdozenpoundsbyhand—suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.能够，推知新农具使小农场收获绿色蔬菜的效率提升，降低了收获成本，再依据最后一句Butnow,withthecombinationofabetterpricepointandagenerallyfresherproduct,theycanstayinbusiness.，小农场价钱与大农场价钱靠近和小农场产品更新鲜的特色，这使得小农场相对于大农场有了一些相对的优势，故选D。63.细节理解题。依据文章第四段第一句话Anotherchallengeformorethanamillionofthemostqualifiedfarmworkersandmanagersisanon-existentpathtocitizenship—thegreatestbarriertobuildingafarmoftheirown.可知，新农民面对的最大挑战是没法获取公民身份，所以不可以建设自己的农场，应选C。64.细节理解题。依据文章最后一段第二句WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongresstoincreasefarmlandconservation,aswepushforimmigrationreform,andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofadiverseandambitiousnextgenerationoffarmsfromallbackgrounds.可知，NYFC需要宽泛的支持，包含要求国会增添农田保护，推进移民改革，追求保证不一样背景的新农民的成功的政策等，所认为了保证农业经济的可连续发展农民需要追求NYFC以外的好多方面的支持。应选A。DChildrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,amajorstudywarned.Itfoundmanyyoungsters(少年）nowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovaltheygetonline,oftenthrough“likes”.Somechangetheirbehaviourinreallifetoimprovetheirimageontheweb.Thereportintoyoungstersagedfrom8to12wascarriedoutbyChildren'sCommissioner(专员)AnneLongfield.Shesaidsocialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotionalrisks,withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendouspressuretheyfacedonline.Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.Theyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-opportunitiesandthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—todemand“likes”fortheironlineposts.27Thereportfoundthatyoungstersfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnotrespondtosocialmediapostsquickly,andaroundtheclock.Childrenaged8to10were"startingtofeelhappy"whenotherslikedtheirposts.However,thoseinthe10to12agegroupwere"concernedwithhowmanypeopleliketheirposts",suggestinga“need”forsocialrecognitionthatgetsstrongertheoldertheybecome.MissLongfieldwarnedthatagenerationofchildrenriskedgrowingup"worriedabouttheirappearanceandimageasaresultoftheunrealisticlifestylestheyfollowonplatforms,andincreasinglyanxiousaboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia.Shesaid:"Childrenareusingsocialmediawithfamilyandfriendsandtoplaygameswhentheyareinprimaryschool.Butwhatstartsasfunusageofappsturnsintotremendouspressureinrealsocialmediainteractionatsecondaryschool."Astheirworldexpanded,shesaid,childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinawaythatwas"hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoftheirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves".MissLongfieldadded:"Thenthereisthispushtoconnect—ifyougooffline,willyoumisssomething,willyoumissout,willyoushowthatyoudon'tcareaboutthosepeopleyouarefollowing,allofthosecometogetherinahugewayatonce.""Forchildrenitisvery,verydifficulttocopewithemotionally."TheChildren'sCommissionerforEngland'sstudy—lifeinLikes—foundthatchildrenasyoungas8wereusingsocialmediaplatformslargelyforplay.However,theresearch—involvingeightgroupsof32childrenaged8to12—suggestedthatastheyheadedtowardtheirteens,theybecameincreasinglyanxiousonline.Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool—atage11—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuretoensuretheirpostswerepopular,thereportfound.However,theystilldidnotknowhowtocopewithmean-spiritedjokes,orthesenseofincompetencetheymightfeeliftheycomparedthemselvestocelebrities(名28人)ormorebrilliantfriendsonline.Thereportsaidtheyalsofacedpressuretorespondtomessagesatallhoursoftheday—especiallyatsecondaryschoolwhenmoreyoungstershavemobilephones.TheChildren’sCommissionersaidschoolsandparentsmustnowdomoretopreparechildrenfortheemotionalminefield(雷区)theyfacedonline.Andshesaidsocialmediacompaniesmustalso"takemoreresponsibility".Theyshouldeithermonitortheirwebsitesbettersothatchildrendonotsignuptooearly,ortheyshouldadjusttheirwebsitestotheneedsofyoungerusers.JavedKhan,ofchildren'scharityBamardo's,said:"It'svitalthatnewcompulsoryage-appropriaterelationshipandsexeducationlessonsinEnglandshouldhelpequipchildrentodealwiththegrowingdemandsofsocialmedia.”“It’salsohugelyimportantforparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.”65.Whydidsomesecondaryschoolstudentsfeeltoomuchpressure?A.Theywerenotprovidedwithadequateequipment.B.Theywerenotwellpreparedforemotionalrisks.C.Theywererequiredtogivequickresponses.D.Theywerepreventedfromusingmobilephones.Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblamebecause________.A.theydidn'tadequatelychecktheirusers'registrationB.theyorganizedphototripstoattractmoreyoungstersC.theyencouragedyoungsterstopostmorephotosD.theydidn'tstopyoungstersfromstayinguplate68.AccordingtoLifeinLikes,aschildrengrew,theybecamemoreanxiousto________.29A.circulatetheirpostsquicklyB.knowthequalitiesoftheirpostsC.usemobilephonesforplayD.getmorepublicapproval69.Whatshouldparentsdotosolvetheproblem?A.Communicatemorewithsecondaryschools.B.Urgemediacompaniestocreatesaferapps.C.Keeptrackofchildren'suseofsocialmedia.D.Forbidtheirchildrenfromvisitingtheweb.70.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theinfluenceofsocialmediaonchildren.B.Theimportanceofsocialmediatochildren.C.Theprobleminbuildingahealthyrelationship.D.Themeasuretoreducerisksfromsocialmedia.【答案】70.A【分析】本文为谈论文。文章主要介绍了交际媒体(socialmedia)使得8-12岁使用社交app的孩子面对好多压力，剖析了原由，并对此提出了建议。66.推理判断题。依据文章第四段第一句话Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.可知，一些交际apps很受孩子们欢迎，只管它们要求使用者不低于13岁，话中有话，他们没有对孩子的年纪进行看守，应选A。67.细节理解题。依据文章第九段childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinawaythatwas"hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoftheirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves".可知，孩子在网上与其余人比较伤害他们的自尊心，自信心以及自我发展的能力。故B正确。3068.推理判断题。依据文章第12段However,theresearch—involvingeightgroupsof32childrenaged8to12—suggestedthatastheyheadedtowardtheirteens,theybecameincreasinglyanxiousonline.可知，跟着孩子年纪的增添，他们开始盼望上网，再依据13段Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschoolalreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfelt

—atage11—childrenwereunderhugepressuretoensuretheirpostswerepopular,thereportfound.能够推测出，他们的压力源于他们盼望自己的发帖能受欢迎、被认同，因而可知他们盼望获取民众的认同。应选D。70.要旨粗心题。依据文章第一段Childrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,amajorstudywarned.可知，本文为新闻报导体，文章主要介绍青少年变得愈来愈依靠交际媒体。再依据全文内容可知文章主要介绍了交际媒体对孩子的影响，故A正确。【2017·全国新课标I】APacificScienceCenterGuide◆VisitPacificScienceCenter’sStoreDon’tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLasterDome.HungryOurexhibitswillfeedyourmindbutwhataboutyourbody?Ourcaféoffersacompletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions,inadditiontoseasonalspecials.ThecaféislocatedupstairsinBuilding1andisopendailyuntilonehourbeforePacificScienceCentercloses.31RentalInformationLockersareavailabletostoreanybelongingsduringyourvisit.ThelockersarelocatedinBuilding1neartheInformationDeskandinBuilding3.PushchairsandwheelchairsareavailabletorentattheInformationDeskandDennyWayentrance.IDrequired.◆SupportPacificScienceCenterSince1962PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(热忱)fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience,mathandtechnology.TodayPacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbeingsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.It’sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.WtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?A.InBuilding1.B.InBuilding3.C.AtthelastDome.D.AttheDennyWayentrance.WhatdoesPacificScienceCenterdoforschools?A.TrainScienceteachers.B.Distributesciencebooks.C.Distributescientificresearch.32D.Takesciencetotheclassroom.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A.Toencouragedonations.B.Toadvertisecomingevents.C.Tointroducespecialexhibits.D.TotellabouttheCenter’shistory.【答案】1．B2．D3．A【分析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章主要从购物点、就餐点、租借服务三方面介绍了PacificScienceCenter，并展现了PacificScienceCenter为人们做的贡献，号召人们的支持。3．A写作企图题。依据文章最后一段WtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.可知，作者号召读者支持PacificScienceCenter，也就是鼓舞人们为之供给帮助，做贡献。应选A。2.【2017·全国新课标I】BIworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsick33creaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(猫头鹰)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.Iexaminedthechick(雏鸟)and