高考英语一轮巩固达标练题Unit3Underthesea(含解析)新人教版选修7

Underthesea李仕才阅读理解。OldFossilsScientistshavefoundwhattheythinkisprobablytheoldestfossilonEarth,aremnantoflifefrom3.7billionyearsagowhenEarth’sskieswereorangeanditsoceansgreen.InanewlymeltedpartofGreenland,Australianscientistsfoundtheleftoverstructurefromacommunityofmicrobes（微生物）thatlivedonanancientseafloor.Basedontheiranalysisofthefossils,theresearchersdeterminedthattheyare220millionyearsolderthanthosediscoveredinWesternAustralia,whichwere3.48billionyearsold.Thediscoveryshowslifemayhaveformedquickerandmoreeasilythanoncethought,abouthalfabillionyearsafterEarthformed.Andthatmayalsogivehopeforlifeformingelsewhere,suchasMars,saidstudyco-authorMartinVanKranendonkoftheUniversityofNewSouthWalesanddirectoroftheAustralianCenterforAstrobiology.＂Itgivesusanideahowourplanetevolvedandhowlifegainedafoothold,＂VanKranendonksaid.ScientistshadthoughtitwouldtakeatleasthalfabillionyearsforlifetoformafterthemoltenEarthstartedtocoolabit,butthisshowsitcouldhavehappenedquicker,hesaid.That’sbecausethenewlyfoundfossilisfartoocomplextohavedevelopedsoonaftertheplanet’sfirstlifeforms,hesaid.Inanoutcropofrocksthatusedtobecoveredwithiceandsnowwhichmeltedafteranexceptionallywarmspring,theAustralianteamfoundstromatolites（叠层石）,whicharelayeredstructuresthatareoftenproducedbyacommunityofmicrobes.Thestromatoliteswereabout1to4centimetershigh.＂Itislikethehouseleftbehindmadebythemicrobes,＂VanKranendonksaid.＂Scientistsusedthelayersofashfromvolcanoesandtinyzircon（锆石）withuraniumandestimatedthattheydatebackto3.7billionyearsago.＂Thedatingseemsaboutright,saidAbigailAllwood,aNASAastrobiologistwhofoundthepreviousoldestfossil,from3.48billionyearsago,inAustralia.ButAllwoodsaidsheisnotcompletelyconvincedthatwhatVanKranendonk’steamfoundoncewasalive.Shesaidtheevidencewasn’tconclusiveenoughthatitwaslifeandnotageologicquirk（地质偶合）.＂Itwouldbenicetohavemoreevidence,butintheserocksthat’salottoask,＂Allwoodsaidinanemail.1.Theunderlinedwords＂gainedafoothold＂inParagraph3mean______.2.WecanlearnfromParagraph4______.A.thefossilappearedsoonafterthebirthoftheearthB.thefossilformedsoonaftertheearth’sfirstlifeC.lifeformedearlierthanthenewlyfoundfossilD.lifeappearedabouthalfabillionyearsago3.WhatisAbigailAllwood’sattitudetowardsthenewlyfoundfossil?A.Neutral.B.Sceptical.C.Objective.D.Supportive.thepreviousfossilsaremadeupofstromatolitesthenewlyfoundfossilscomefromWesternAustraliathenewlyfoundfossilshaveahistoryof3.7billionyears【语篇分析】文章介绍科学家发现距今37亿年前的化石。1.D【分析】词义猜想题。依据文章第三段的句子＂Itgivesusanideahowourplanetevolved＂这让我们认识星球是怎么形成的，下文是生命是怎么开始的。可知，＂gainedafoothold＂意为＂开始＂。应选D。3.B【分析】看法态度题。依据文章最后一段的句子＂Shesaidtheevidencewasn’tconclusiveenoughthatitwaslifeandnotageologicquirk(地质偶合).＂可知，AbigailAllwood对于新发现的化石态度是思疑的。应选B。4.D【分析】细节理解题。依据文章第一段的句子＂remnantoflifefrom3.7billionyearsago＂和第二段的句子＂theresearchersdetermined2thattheyare220millionyearsolderthanthosediscoveredinWesternAustralia,whichwere3.48billionyearsold.＂可知，新发现的化石有37亿年历史。应选D。语法填空。TheBritishhavemanytraditionsbutthereisnothingmoretypicalthantakingafternoontea.WeknowtheBritshavealoveaffairwithdrinkingtea,__1__morethan160millioncupsdrunkeveryday,butitwastheinventionofafternoontea__2__turnedteadrinkinginto__3__popularhobby.Thissociablefeastinvolvesdrinkinggoodqualitytea__4__(comfort)whileeatingnicesandwiches,aselectionofsmallcakesandsoon.And,ofcourse,itcanonlyhappenintheafternoon!Afternoontea,whichoriginally__5__(design)asalightsnacktobridgethegapbetweenlunchanddinner,datesbacktothe1840s.Itwentontobecomea__6__(fashion)socialoccasionfortheupperclasses.Nowthereisaresurgence(复苏)inits__7__(popular)intheUKanditisavailabletoanyonewhocanaffordit.__8__itcanbeenjoyedathome,thebestwaytoexperienceitisatasmarthotelorcafé.Butifyou'rethinkingofvisitingsuchaplace__9__(enjoy)aplateofdelicioustreatswithasteaminghotbrew,remembertherulesyoumustfollowtoavoid__10__(ask)toleave.WriterHenryJamesoncenotedthat“therearefewhoursinlifemoreagreeablethanthehourdevotedtotheceremonyknownasafternoontea”.I'msureonceyoutryit,youwillagree.1．4.________8.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。喝下午茶是最为典型的英式传统。浓烈的茶香配上雅致、美味的各色茶点让品饮下午茶成为了一件很舒适的事情。本文介绍了下午茶的发源、历史、发展、现状及受欢迎程度。1．with考察介词。此处为“with＋名词＋过去分词”的复合构造用法，在句中作状语。2．that考察重申句型。剖析句子构造可知，此处为重申句型，“theinventionofafternoontea”是被重申部分，故填that。3．a考察冠词。apopularhobby“一个受欢迎的业余喜好”，此处用不定冠词a表示泛指。4．comfortably考察词性变换。空处在句中修饰“品茶”这一动作，充任状语成分，3应当用副词。5．wasdesigned考察动词的时态和语态。该空在定语从句中充任谓语，design与作主语的关系词之间是被动关系，且由“originally”“datesbacktothe1840s”可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。6．fashionable考察词性变换。修饰后来的名词短语socialoccasion，作定语，用形容词。7．popularity考察词性变换。该空充任介词in的宾语，所以用名词。8．Although/While/Though考察连词。剖析句意可知，句子中存在退步的逻辑关系，所以应用连词Although，While或Though来指引退步状语从句。9．toenjoy考察非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式在句中充任目的状语。10．beingasked考察非谓语动词。动词avoid后需接动名词作宾语，而且ask和you之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动名词的被动式beingasked。完形填空。Wehaveallheardofgiantpandas,andknowthattheyareendangered.Whenonehasbabies,itmakesnationalnews__1__，andpicturesoftheirbabiesare__2__circulated.Butitnowseemsthatthegiantpandaisnot__3__ofitself.Thelovelyanimalshave__4__aclassictestofself-awareness.Theycannot__5__themselvesinthemirror.Researchersusethemirrorrecognitiontestto__6__whetherchildrenoranimalshavea__7__ofself-awareness.Inthetest,ananimalispresented__8__amirror.Researchersthenwatchtosee__9__itnoticesamarkonitsface,whichisonly__10__inthemirror.Iftheanimalnoticesthemark,itoften__11__it.Humanchildrenoftenpassthetestwhentheyareonlytwoyearsold.Manyotheranimalshavepassedthemirrortest,includingmonkeys,Asianelephantsandevenpigeons.Butwhenresearcherstestedpandas,__12__ofthemdidthesamethingasthoseanimalsdid.__13__，eachpandabehavedasiftheir__14__inthemirrorwasanotherpandaaltogether.Theyactedasiftheywere__15__bywhattheysawinthemirror,scratchingtheirfeetandwalking__16__.The__17__ofthisresearchwillhelpdesignbetterareasforanimalsincaptivity(圈养).Forexample,one-directionalglasssometimesusedintheareasmay__18__pandastofeelstressedwhentheyseetheirownimageinthe__19__.That'sbecausetheymightbelieveittobeanotherpanda,__20__themselves.1．A.papersB．covers4C．headlinesD．pages2．A.widelyB．popularlyC．especiallyD．completely3．A.shyB．fondC．consciousD．confident4．A.failedB．ignoredC．facedD．conducted5．A.observeB．discoverC．recognizeD．understand6．A.believeinB．findoutC．pickoutD．takein7．A.senseB．questionC．opinionD．thought8．A.forB．withC．inD．before9．A.howB．whenC．whyD．whether10．A.touchableB．seeableC．sensibleD．possible11．A.dismissesB．admitsC．feelsD．moves12．A.allB．mostC．oneD．none13．A.ThusB．HoweverC．InsteadD．Still14．A.reactionB．reflectionC．operationD．imagination15．A.trappedB．amazedC．threatenedD．teased16．A.backwardsB．aloneC．forwardsD．along17．A.failureB．outcomeC．successD．review18．A.causeB．prepare5C．accelerateD．urge19．A.eyesB．cagesC．zooD．glass20．A.otherthanB．regardlessofC．becauseofD．ratherthan【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文对大熊猫、少儿还有其余的动物都做了相关自我意识感方面的研究，结果显示大熊猫的自我认知很差，即便照镜子，它们也认不出镜子里的自己。1．C考察名词辨析。依据上文中的“andknowthattheyareendangered”可推知，当一个大熊猫有宝宝后，很快就会上国内新闻头条。C项意为“头条(新闻)”，切合语境。A项意为“报纸”；B项意为“封面”；D项意为“页码”，均与语境不符。应选C项。2．A考察副词辨析。上文提到，当一个大熊猫有宝宝后，很快就会上国内新闻头条；由此可推知，大熊猫宝宝的照片会被宽泛传阅。A项意为“宽泛地”，切合语境。B项意为“流行地”；C项意为“特别地”；D项意为“完整地”，均与语境不符。应选A项。3．C考察形容词辨析。依据第二段第一句中的“aclassictestofself-awareness”可知，这里指的是此刻看起来大熊猫是没有自我意识的。C项意为“存心识的”，切合语境。A项意为“害羞的”；B项意为“喜爱的”；D项意为“自信的”，均与语境不符。应选C项。4．A考察动词辨析。依据下文中的“Theycannot...havea________ofself-awareness.”可知，可爱的大熊猫没有经过这类经典的自我意识测试。A项意为“失败”，切合语境。B项意为“忽略”；C项意为“面对”；D项意为“指挥，指引”，均与语境不符。应选A项。5．C考察动词辨析。依据下文的“Researchersusethemirrorrecognition...”可知，此处指大熊猫认不出镜子中的自己。C项意为“辨识出”，切合语境。A项意为“观察”；B项意为“发现”；D项意为“理解”，均与语境不符。应选C项。6．B考察动词短语辨析。依据语境可知，此处指研究者的目的是弄清楚孩子或动物是否有自我认知。B项意为“找到，弄清楚”，切合语境。A项意为“相信，相信”；C项意为“精选出”；D项意为“汲取，欺诈”，均与语境不符。应选B项。7．A考察名词辨析。依据语境可知，此处指自我认知，是一种感觉。A项意为“感觉”，asenseof为固定搭配，意为“一种感”，切合语境。B项意为“问题”；C项意为“观点”；D项意为“想法”，均与语境不符。应选A项。8．B考察介词辨析。依据语境可知，此处指在实验中，动物在镜子中体现出来。表示使用某种工具，应用介词with。9．D考察连词辨析。依据语境可知，此处指研究者想察看大熊猫能否能注意到它脸上6的记号。应选D项。10．B考察形容词辨析。依据知识可知，在自己脸上的标志，只有在镜子中才能看到。B项意为“可见的”，切合语境。A项意为“可触摸的”；C项意为“可察觉的”；D项意为“可能的”，均与语境不符。应选B项。11．C考察动词辨析。依据下文的“Manyotheranimalshavepassedthemirrortest”可知，此处指假如动物注意到脸上的标志，它会感觉到这个标志的。C项意为“感觉，感觉”，切合语境。A项意为“辞退，解散”；B项意为“认可”；D项意为“挪动”，均与语境不符。应选C项。12．D考察代词辨析。依据上文及转折词“but”可知，此处指没有一只大熊猫像其余动物同样能感觉到脸上的标志。应选D项。13．C考察副词辨析。依据语境可知，此处指“相反，每一只大熊猫表现得就像镜子里的影像是其余大熊猫”。C项意为“取代，而不是”，切合语境。A项意为“所以”；B项意为“但是”；D项意为“仍旧”，均与语境不符。应选C项。14．B考察名词辨析。依据知识可知，镜子中应是照射出的影像。B项意为“映像，倒影”，切合语境。A项意为“反响”；C项意为“操作，手术”；D项意为“想象”。均与语境不符。应选B项。15．C考察动词辨析。依据下文中熊猫的反响可知，熊猫表现出仿佛遇到镜子中“自己”的威迫。C项意为“威迫”，切合语境。A项意为“使堕入窘境，卡住”；B项意为“使吃惊”；D项意为“讥笑，捉弄”，均与语境不符。应选C项。16．A考察副词辨析。依据知识可知，惧怕会向退后。A项意为“向后”，切合语境。B项意为“单独地”；C项意为“向前”；D项意为“一同，沿着”，均与语境不符。应选A项。17．B考察名词辨析。依据语境可知，此处指研究的结果。B项意为“结果”，切合语境。A项意为“失败”；C项意为“成功”；D项意为“复习”，均与语境不符。应选B项。18．A考察动词辨析。由语境可知，此处指能够成像的玻璃会让大熊猫感觉有压力。causesb.todosth.意为“致使某人做某事”，切合语境。B项意为“准备”；C项意为“加快”；D项意为“敦促”，均与语境不符。应选A项。19．D考察名词辨析。依据上文中的“one-directionalglass”可知，glass切合语境。应选D项。20．D考察介词短语辨析。由语境可知，此处指这就是由于大熊猫相信镜子里是其余大熊猫而不是自己。D项意为“而不是”，切合语境。A项意为“除了”；B项意为“不论”；C项意为“由于”，均与语境不符。应选D项。7***短文改错。NowadaysmoreandmorepeoplewouldrathertolookforajobontheInternetthaninthenewspapersorinthejobmarket.Therearemanyreasonsformypreference,oneofthatisthatajobhuntercanfindajobconveniently.Heneedn'tbothertogetrecommendationsfromrelativeorfriends,orregistrationatanemploymentexchange.Besides,ajobhuntercangetajobbysimplebrowsingamongtheadvertisementsonlineandsendingresumesbye－mail.Finally,thesuccessrateisveryhigh.Butevenifonefailstofindajob,itcansparehimtheembarrassmentofrefused.Asforme,IbelievethatastheincreasingpopularityoftheInternet,thisnewwayw