中国民族乐器

中国民族乐器第1页/共20页TraditionalChinesemusicalinstruments

GuzhengGUQINPipaERHUhulusi第2页/共20页IntroductionofGuzheng

Theguzheng,orguzheng(Chinese:古箏;pinyin:gǔzhēng)orzheng(箏)(gu-means“ancient”)isatraditionalChinesemusicalinstrument.Itbelongstothezither（箏）familyofstring（弦）instruments.

第3页/共20页History

ofGuzhengTheguzhenghasexistedsincetheWarringStatesPeriod（戰國時期）andbecameespeciallypopularduringtheQindynasty.Theancientguzhenghad12strings,whichgraduallyevolvedintoitcurrentforms.

Theguzhengistunedtoapentatonicscale（五聲音階）,the16-stringzhengistunedtogivethreecompleteoctaves（八度）,whilethe21-stringzhenghasfourcompleteoctaves.第4页/共20页

TipsPentatonicscale（五聲音階）:宮(gōng)=‘Do’商(shāng)=‘Re’角(jué)=‘Mi’徵(zhǐ)=‘Sol’羽(yǔ)=‘La’第5页/共20页琴

韵Theguqin(help·info)(Chinese:古琴;pinyin:gǔqín;literally“ancientstringed-instrument”)isthemodernnameforaplucked（撥絃）seven-stringChinesemusicalinstrument.

Guqin第6页/共20页Thedifferencebetween

GuqinandGuzheng

Theguzhengshouldnottobeconfusedwiththeguqin,anotherancientChinesezitherbutwithoutbridges（箏碼）.第7页/共20页IntroductionofPIPAThePipaisafour-stringed

Chinese

instrument,belongingtothepluckedcategoryofinstruments(彈撥樂器).Tonecolour（音色）:

clearandmelodious（旋律優美）

SometimescalledtheChineselute(古琵琶),theinstrumenthasapear-shapedwoodenbodywithavaryingnumberoffretsrangingfrom12–26.第8页/共20页TheHistoryofPIPAThePIPAappearedintheQinDynasty

(221-206BC)andwasdevelopedduringtheHanDynasty.ThePIPAbecameafavoriteintheTangDynasty

ItisoneofthemostpopularChineseinstrumentsandhasbeenplayedfornearlytwothousandyearsinChina.第9页/共20页PipawithChinesepoesy

大絃嘈嘈如急雨

:Theboldstringsrattledlikesplattersofsuddenrain,小絃切切如私語

:Thefinestringshummedlikelovers'whispers.嘈嘈切切錯雜彈

:Chatteringandpattering,patteringandchattering,大珠小珠落玉盤

:Aspearls,largeandsmall,onajadeplatefall.

ByBaiJuyi第10页/共20页IntroductionofErhuTheerhu(Chinese:二胡;pinyin:èrhú),sometimesknownintheWestasthe“Chineseviolin”or“Chinesetwostringfiddle”,isatwo-stringedbowedmusicalinstrument,usedasasolo(獨奏)instrumentaswellasinsmallensembles（合奏）andlargeorchestras（樂團）.第11页/共20页Theerhucanbetracedbacktoinstrumentsintroducedintochinamorethanathousandyearsago.Itisbelievedtoevolvedfromthexiqin(奚琴），whichwasdescribedasaforeign,two-stringedluteinyueshu(樂書)，anencyclopedicworkonmusic，writtenbymusictheoristChenYang（陳旸）intheNorthernSongDynasty.HistoryofErhu第12页/共20页IntroductionofHulusi第13页/共20页IntroductionofHulusiThehulusi(simplified:葫芦丝;pinyin:húlúsī)isafreereedwindinstrumentfromChina.Itisheldverticallyandhasthreebamboopipeswhichpassthroughagourd（葫蘆）windchest;onepipehasfingerholesandtheothertwoaredronepipes.cucurbitflute第14页/共20页

PresentSituation

AlthoughthehulusiisstillpredominantlyperformedinChina,ithasinrecentyearsbeenadoptedbyEuropeancomposersandperformers.RohanLeachfromEngland;RaphealDeCockfromBelgiumandHermanWitkamfromtheNetherlandshavealltakentheinstrumentinnewdirections.第15页/共20页Top10AncientChineseClassicalMusicMightyMountainandFlowingRiver(GaoShanLiuShui，高山流水)Guang

ling

San

广陵散WildGeese(PingShaLuoYan平沙落雁)MeiFlower(MeiHuaSanNong

梅花三弄)Besieged(ShiMianMaiFu

十面埋伏)Sunset(XiYangXiaoGu夕阳箫鼓)Conversationbetweenafishermanandawoodman(YuQiaoWenDa渔樵问答)HomeReturn(HuJiaShiBaPai胡笳十八拍)AutumnMoonintheHanPalace(HanGongQiuYue汉宫秋月)SunnySpring&WhiteSnow(YangChunBaiXue阳春白雪)第16页/共20页Wehavei