高考专区 二轮专题 基础语法课（3）-形容词、副词

基础语法课(3)——形容词、副词[语境中体悟用法]1．朗读下列句子，体会、领悟形容词充当的句子成分。①AbrahamLincolnwasaself-mademan. 作_____②Hewassotiredthathefellasleepsittinginhischair. 作_____③Martinfoundtheworkslightlydull. 作_____④Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou. 作_________定语表语宾补后置定语2．朗读下列句子，体会、领悟副词在句中的作用。①Hesaidquitepositivelythathewouldcome. 修饰_____②It'ssimplywonderfultoseeyou！

修饰_______③Iheardprettyclearlythen. 修饰_________④Yourcoatisjustbehindthedoor. 修饰_________⑤Frankly,Iamnotsatisfiedwithyourwork. 修饰_____动词形容词其他副词介词短语句子[系统中整合规则](一)用法形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和补足语，常用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、特征或状态；副词主要修饰动词、形容词和其他副词，也可在句首表状态。(二)形容词变副词的规则一般情况加-lycommon→commonlyimmediate→immediately以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，将y改为i然后加-lysteady→steadilybusy→busily以-le结尾，去掉e加-ysimple→simplygentle→gently以-ic结尾，加-allyeconomic→economicallyscientific→scientifically[名师指津]

(1)注意形近词hard与hardly，前者表示“努力”，后者表示“几乎不”。(2)deep,high,slow等本身是副词，加上-ly后还是副词，与形容词同形的副词意义具体，带-ly的副词意义比较抽象。(三)形容词与副词比较等级的构成形容词和副词的比较等级分为：原级、比较级和最高级。原级即形容词和副词的原形。比较级和最高级的词形变化分规则变化和不规则变化两种。1．规则变化词形分类及变化构成原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般加-er或-esttalllongtallerlongertallestlongest以e结尾的，只加-r或-stnicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-estbighotfatbiggerhotterfatterbiggesthottestfattest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i再加-er或-esthappyeasyhappiereasierhappiesteasiest[名师指津]

表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent,extreme,perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more或mostdifficultbeautifulmoredifficultmorebeautifulmostdifficultmostbeautiful续表2．不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad(badly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest(四)形容词与副词比较等级的用法1．平级比较(1)用as...as...或not...as/so...as(2)as＋形容词＋as＋数量词＝数量词＋形容词2．表示比较的特殊结构(1)表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”，意为“越……，就越……”。(2)不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”。(3)表示“和……一样不……”时，用“no＋比较级＋than”结构。4．最高级的常用句型(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的短语或从句(2)oneof＋形容词最高级＋名词复数(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词5．倍数表达法(1)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as(2)倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than(3)倍数＋the＋名词＋of(4)倍数＋what从句[集训中明晰考点]考点1形容词与副词的句法功能在句中作定语、表语和补足语一般要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词和其他副词或整个句子，要用副词。1.(2021·全国乙卷)Provide

(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.解析：financial分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作定语，修饰名词aid，故使用其形容词形式。2.(2021年1月新高考8省联考卷)Whilemanyofyourtrustedrelativesandpeers(同龄人)mayhavevery

(value)advicethatcanhelpyoutomakethedecision,finallythechoiceisyoursandyoursalone.

解析：valuable分析句子结构可知，空白处应填形容词valuable(宝贵的)作定语，修饰名词advice。3.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwill

(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!解析：undoubtedly分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰动词help，所以用副词形式。故填undoubtedly。4.(2021年1月新高考8省联考卷)Don'tgotoaschool

(specific)forahighschoolrelationshiportomakesomeoneelsehappy.

解析：specifically此处修饰后面的介词短语forahighschoolrelationship，所以用副词形式。

考点2形容词、副词的比较级(1)根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级；(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than，而是根据语境判断出用比较级；(3)当空格前有表示程度的词或词组，如abit,alittle,much,far,agreat/gooddeal,alot等或有still,even等词时，需填比较级；(4)表示“越……，就越……”用“the＋比较级...,the＋比较级...”结构。1.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the

(hot)thespring!Strange,isn'tit?

解析：hotter句中含有“the＋比较级...,the＋比较级...”结构，thehotter与前面的thecolder对应。2.(2021·全国甲卷)Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat

(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!

解析：better根据语境和空后的than可知，这里用比较级形式。3.(2021·浙江1月高考)Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside,including

(low)levelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.解析：lower空后的and连接三个并列结构，形式应保持一致；此空与下文的higher和fewer并列，故用比较级形式。考点3形容词、副词的最高级(1)表达在某个范围内“最……”，使用“the＋形容词/副词的最高级＋比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in,of,among等；(2)当空格前有thesecond/third...,oneof...等词时，需填最高级；(3)有些词本身就含有最高级含义，不能再用最高级，如favorite,wonderful,exhausted等。1.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir

(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.

解析：finest根据空前的allgreatartists及后文的choosethebest并结合语境可知，此处应用形容词最高级。2.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Hescreamsthe

(loud)ofall.

解析：loudest根据空前的the以及空后的ofall可知，此处应用副词最高级。3.(2022·太原模拟)Iwanttolivemylifethatway—totakeitintotheworldandliveittothe

(full)．

解析：fullest

livelifetothefullest“充实地生活”。4.(2022·青岛模拟)Antarctica,thecoldestplaceonEarth,isthefifth

(large)continentintheworld.

解析：largest表示“第几个最……”，英语中也要用最高级。

[自测中查漏补缺]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis__________(extreme)challenging.2.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Bamboo：Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.__________(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.3.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The__________(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.4.(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,_________(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants，historicalobjectsandworksofart.extremelyCertainlybeautifulwealthy5.(2020·浙江1月高考)Thisis___________(particular)trueintheUS.6．Second,tigersharksaresostrongandaggressivethattheycan_______(easy)hitaperson.7．Nowithasbecomeoneofthe________(big)internationalartfestivalsinAsia.8.(2022·合肥模拟)“BeforeIcametoEgypt,thetourismagencytoldme__________(repeat)tobringcoolingbalmasagifttomakethetrip______(easy)，”saidMrYe,a25-year-oldwhosefamilysellsChinesemedicineonline.particularlyeasilybiggestrepeatedlyeasierⅡ.单句改错1．Withthesechanges,people'spaceoflifehasbeenquickenedandpeople'sworkhasbeenmademoreefficiently. ___________________2．Buthestaysoutsidethelistoftheworld's10richpeople. _____________3．Themeetingobviousprovedtobeaturningpointforbothofthem,promotingthebirthofAlibabaandlatercooperationwithJerryYang._________________4．Torealizemydream,ImustlearnasmuchasIcantogetintoagoodmedicalcollege,whereIcanmakefullypreparationsforthejobofadoctor.__________efficiently→efficientrich→richestobvious→obviouslyfully→full5．ButKatiethoughtowningtheirownbikeswouldmakewonderfullymemoriesforeverychild. ______________________6．Butwhenhehadrecoveredthreedayslater,hefeltamazingattheeffectoftheChinesemedicine. ________________7．Standingonthehighestplace,Ifeltsogreatly. ______________8．Sheworkshardlyandhasbeenamodelteacherforages. ______________wonderfully→wonderfulamazing→amazedgreatly→greathardly→hard1．attractions考查名词复数。根据“rangingfromminifarmstogeologicalgardens”可知，此处是指很多景点，应用名词复数。故填attractions。2．abandoned考查非谓语动词。动词abandon和谓语动词之间没有连词，和逻辑主语churchbuilding构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填abandoned。3．which/that考查定语从句。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为anewGeoparkCentre，所以应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。4．financial考查形容词。修饰名词sustainability应用形容词作定语。形容词financial意为“财政的，财务的”。故填financial。5．a考查冠词。style意为“风格”，为可数名词，此处第一次提及，表示泛指，应用不定冠词。fun的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。6．and考查连词。universities和adulteducationcenters构成并列关系，所以应用连词and。故填and。7．toexplain考查非谓语动词。servetodo意为“起……作用”，为固定搭配，此处todo不定式作宾语。故填toexplain。8．is考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据“Thegeologicalgardenserves”可知，此处应用一般现在时，