自考00830现代语言学（17-19）真题试卷

2017年4月高等教育自学考试《现代语言学》试题课程代码：00830I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandblackenthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(2%X10=20%)1.Languageis"theinstitutionwherebyhumanscommunicateandinteractwitheachotherbymeansofhabituallyusedoral-auditoryarbitrarysymbols,"whichwasproposedbyA.ChomskyB.HallC.SapirD.Saussure2.Ofthefollowingfeatures,isNOTasuprasegmentalfeature.A.stressB.toneC.intonationD.phoneme3.Therulesthatgovemwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformanewwordarecalledrules.A.phonologicalB.morphologicalC.syntacticD.semantic4.IntheX-bartheory,thespecifierofthephraseverycuriousoftheanswerisA.veryB.curiousC.theD.answer5.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyzemeaning.A.sentenceB.utteranceC.lexicalD.pragmatic6.Aanalysisofanutterancerevealswhatthespeakerintendstodowithit.A.syntacticB.semanticC.pragmaticD.psycholinguistic7.TheworkofthemarkedthebeginningofthediscoveryofIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.A.BritishscholarSirWilliamJonesB.GermanlinguistFranzBoppC.DanishscholarRasmusRaskD.GermanscholarJacobGrimm8.Thereisadifferencebetweenwhatweknow,whichisourlinguisticcompetence,andhowweusethisknowledgeinactualspeechproductionand,whichisourlinguisticperformance.A.communicationB.comprehensionC.creationD.perception9.Whenwespeak,wordsaresentto.,whichdeterminesthedetailsoftheirformandpronunciation.A.Wemicke'sareaB.Broca'sareaC.theangulargymsD.themotorarea10.Whenchildren'slanguagedevelopstowardstheearlystage,negativewordsoccuratthebeginningofexpressions,forexample,"Nomitten,""Nosingingsong".A.prelinguisticB.one-wordC.two-wordD.multiword非选择题(共80分)II.Directions:FillintheblankontheANSWERSHEETineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11.SimilartoSaussure,Chomskythinksthatwhatlinguistsshouldstudyistheidealpeaker'scompetence,nothisp,whichistoohaphazardtobestudied.12.Thearuleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby"copying"afeatureofasequentialphoneme.13.Syntactically,thepartofspeechofacompoundisgenerallydeterminedbythepartofspeechoftheselement.14.Acsentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintotheother.15.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalledsrestrictions.16.AccordingtoJohnAustin,pweresentenceswhichdidnotstateafactordescribeastate,andwerenotverifiable.17.Languagechangeislargelyaprocessofbbetweenthesimplificationandtheelaborationofrules,betweentheneedtoreducememoryburdensandtheneedtomaintaincommunicativeclarity.18.Sociolinguistsareparticularlyinterestedinthreetypesofspeechvariety,ordialects,namely,rdialects,socialdialects,andregisters.19.Formostindividuals,theIhemisphereisdominantforlanguage.20.Adultsaremotivatedtolearnasecondlanguagebecauseofacommunicativeneed.Theymaylearnasecondlanguageinordertouseitsocially,inwhichcaseimotivationoccurs.IIIDirections:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseontheANSWERSHEET.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandthengivethecorrectversion.(2%)<10=20%)21.Thegrammartaughttolearnersofalanguagetodayisstillbasicallydescriptiveinthesensethatittellsleamerswhattheyshouldsay,orwhatissupposedtobecorrectusage.22.Thestudyofthespeechsoundswhichdistinguishmeaningiscalledphonetics.23.Aboundroot,oftenseenaspartofaword,canneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning.24.PronounisamajorlexicalcategoryintheEnglishlanguage.25.Therearetwoaspectstosentencemeaning:lexicalmeaningandsemanticmeaning.26.Theillocutionarypointofrepresentativesistocommitthespeakertosomething'sbeingthecase,tothetrothofwhathasbeensaid.27.ManyofthemostbasictermsintheEnglishlanguageoriginatefromMiddleEnglish.28.Thesentence"Hecrazy"isacceptableinBlackEnglishvemacularbecausetheabsenceofthecopula"be"isanobviousfeatureofBlackEnglish.29.AccordingtoEricLenneberg,priortothecompletionofthelateralizationprocessbothbrainhemispheresareinvolvedtosomeextentinlanguage.30.Itiswidelyrecognizedthatchildrenacrossculturesfollowasimilarrouteofdevelopmentinacquiringtheirnativelanguage.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.(3%~10=-30%)31.missives37.blending38.speechcommunity39.brainlateralization40.Krashen'slearningV.Directions:Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%~2=20%)41.Explainthedeletionrulewithexamples.42.Pleasedefinesemanticchangeandillustratethemajortypesofsemanticchangewithexamples.

2018年4月高等教育自学考试《现代语言学》试题课程代码：00830I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneoftheourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandblackenthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.1.Languageisasystemofarbitrarysymbolsusedforhumancommunication.A.visualB.vocalC.writtenD.spoken2.TheEnglishsounds[j]and[w]areA.liquidsB.glidesC.affricativesD.nasals3.TheoptimumageforsecondlanguageacquisitionisA.earlyteenageB.7yearsoldC.6yearsoldD.20yearsold4.modifythemeaningandinmanycaseschangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.A.Prefixes13.RootsC.SuffixesD.Stems5.Neurolinguistshaveconcludedthatthreeareasofthelefthemispherearevitaltolanguage,namely,Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandA.neuronsB.cerebralcortexC.Exner'sareaD.theangulargyrus6.Aclausethattakesasubjectandafiniteverb,andatthesametimestandsaloneisknownasafiniteclause.A.semanticallyB.structurallyC.sociolinguisticallyD.phonologically7.isalinguisticsituationinwhichtwostandardlanguagesareusedbyanindividualorbyagroupofspeakers,suchastheinhabitantsofaparticularregionoranation.A.CreoleB.VernacularC.BilingualismD.Diglossia8.ThesenserelationthatholdsbetweenthetwowordspieceandpeaceisA.polysemyB.homonymyC.hyponymyD.synonymy9.Asanimportanttheoryinthepragmaticstudyoflanguage,speechacttheorywasoriginatedwithinthelate50'softhe20thcentury.A.PaulGriceB.JohnSearleC.NoamChomskyD.JohnAustin10.Ingeneral,linguisticchangeinthesystemandthevocabularyofalanguageismorenoticeablethanthatinothersystemsofthegrammar.A.syntacticB.morphologicalC.soundD.semanticII.Directions:FillintheblankontheANSWERSHEETineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.11.AccordingtoChomsky,aspeakerhasinternalizedasetofrabouthislanguage,whichenableshimtoproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentences.12.Englishvowelsmaybedistinguishedasfront,candback.13.Blearningtheorysuggestedthatachild'sverbalbehaviorwasconditionedthroughassociationbetweenastimulusandthefollowingresponse.14.Imorphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,tense,degree,andcase.15.ThelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainiscalledI16.Syntacticrulesthatcomprisethesystemofinternalizedlinguisticknowledgeofalanguagespeakerisknownaslinguisticc17.Apisavarietyoflanguagethatisgenerallyusedbynativespeakersofotherlanguagesasamediumofcommunication.18.Sreferstothesamenessorclosesimilarityofmeaning.19.AccordingtoJ.Austin,aIactistheactofutteringwords,phrases,clauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.20.ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguageisdividedintotheperiodsofOldEnglish,MEnglishandModemEnglish.IIIDirections:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseontheANSWERSHEET.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandthengivethecorrectversion.21.Modemlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary.22.[s]and[z]aretwoalveolarfricativesinEnglish.23.Ingeneral,languagelearningreferstochildren'sdevelopmentoftheirfirstlanguage.24.Thewordupdateisformedbyderivation.25.ThecaseofGeniedemonstratesthatthelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecriticalperiod.26.Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.27.Ofthetwosounds/b/and/1/,childrenaremorelikelytoacquire/1/firstratherthan/b/.28.TheconceptualistviewofmeaningwasfurtherstrengthenedbyBloomfield,whodrewonbehavioristpsychologywhentryingtodefinethemeaningoflinguisticform.29.Utteranceisbasedonsentencemeaning;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication.30.Languagechangeisessentiallyamatterofchangeinthegrammar.IV.Directions:Eerlanguage34.root35.thecriticalperiodhypothesis36.UniversalGrammar37.slang38.hyponymy39.perlocutionaryact40.semanticchangeV.Directions:Answerthefollowingquestions.41.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedas"thescientificstudyoflanguage".Describebrieflytheprocessoflinguisticstudy.42.WhatistheCooperativePrinciple?PleasemakeananalysisofwhatmaximisviolatedbyBandwhatimplicatureisproducedinthefollowingconversation.A:Thespeakerisanawfulbore.Don'tyouthink?B:Thelecturehallisspacious,isn'tit?(ThisissaidwhenitisknowntobothAandBthatitisentirelypossibleforBtomakeacommentonthespeaker.)

2018年10月高等教育自学考试《现代语言学》试题课程代码：00830I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandblackenthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(2%×10=20%)1.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.A.competenceB.performanceC.langueD.parole2.TheEnglishsound[u:]isaA.closevowelB.semi-closevowelC.semi-openvowelD.openvowel3.WhichofthefollowingfactorsisNOTalearnerfactor?A.AcculturationB.PersonalityC.InteractionD.Motivation4.Thewords"take"and"table"arecalledbecausetheycanoccurunattached.A.freemorphemesB.boundmorphemesC.formwordsD.inflectionalmorphemes5.WhatcanbedrawnsafelyfromthecaseofGenieisthatA.itconfirmsthecriticalperiodhypothesisB.human'slanguageacquisitiondeviceisindependentofotherintellectualabilitiesC.languagecannotbeacquiredatallafterthecriticalperiodD.thelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecriticalperiodand,asaresult,mostlinguisticskillscannotdevelop6.ConstituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesameA.syntacticcategoryB.phonologicalcategoryC.morphologicalcategoryD.semanticcategory7.Sociolinguisticsisprimarilyconcernedwiththesocialsignificanceoflanguageandlanguageuseindifferentspeechcommunities.A.variationB.changeC.structureD.form8.Insemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitiscalled,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.A.predicationB.predicateC.argumentD.sense9.Thenotionofisessentialtothepragmaticstudyoflanguage.A.utteranceB.sentenceC.contextD.speechact10.ThefirstandmostwidelyinvestigatedlanguagefamilyoftheworldisA.theSino-TibetanFamilyB.theIndo-EuropeanFamilyC.theAustronesianFamilyD.theAfroasiaticFamilyII.Directions:FillintheblankontheANSWERSHEETineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11.Culturaltmeansthatlanguagecanbepassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughteachingandlearning,ratherthanbyinstinct.12.Whenpitch,stress,andsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasi13.Languageacquisitionisconcernedwithlanguagedinhumans.14.Semantically,themeaningofacompoundisofteni,notalwaysbeingthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.15.Therelationshipbetweenthenameandthemeaningofawordisquite.a16.Syntacticmovementisdictatedbyrulestraditionallycalledtrules,whoseoperationmaychangethesyntacticrepresentationofasentence.17.Acreolelanguageisoriginallyapthathasbecomeestablishedasanativelanguageinsomespeechcommunity.18.Preferstothephenomenonthatthesamewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning.19.Ifonecontributesmoreinformationthanisrequiredinaconversation,he/sheviolatesthemaximofq20.ManyofthemostbasictermsintheEnglishlanguageoriginatefromOEnglish.III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseontheANSWERSHEET.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandthengivethecorrectversion.(2%~10=20%)21.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisadiachronicstudy.22.[0]and[6]aretwodentalfricativesinEnglish.23.Althoughthereareindividualdifferencesinonsetandrateoflanguagedevelopment,childrenacrossculturesfollowthesameorderoflanguagedevelopment.24."Plural"isamorpheme.25.Languageistheonlymeansforthought.26.ParametersaresyntacticoptionsofUGthatallowgeneralprinciplestooperateinonewayoranotherandcontributetosignificantlinguisticvariationsbetweenandamongnaturallanguages.27.Aregionaldialectisusuallyspokenbyagroupofpeoplelivinginthesamecommunity.28.Contexualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.29.Thetwosentences"Tomsmokes."and"Tomissmoking."havethesamepredication.30.Modemlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthespoken.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.(3%×10=30%)31.duality32.wordstress33.secondlanguageacquisition(SLA)34.stem35.cerebralplasticity36.AUX-movement37.speechcommunity38.sense39.pragmatics40.historicallinguisticsV.Directions:Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)41.Nameanddescribe5ofthecorebranchesoflinguistics.42.Howaresemanticsandpragmaticsrelated,andhowdotheydiffer?

2019年4月高等教育自学考试《现代语言学》试题课程代码：00830I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandblackenthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(2%×10=20%)1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthestudyoflanguage.A.synchronicB.scientificC.specificD.diachronic2.aimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsinalanguageformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.A.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.PhoneD.Phoneme3.TheAmericanSLAscholarproposedthedistinctionbetweenacquisitionandlearning.A.F.deSaussureB.N.ChomskyC.S.KrashenD.B.F.Skinner4.ThebasicunitinthestudyofmorphologyisA.phoneB.wordC.phonemeD.morpheme5.OneofmajormentalfunctionscontrolledbytherighthemisphereofthebrainisA.temporalorderingB.holisticreasoningC.calculationD.analyticreasoning6.Traditionallythethreemajortypesofsentencesare,andsentences.A.full/partial/incompleteB.affirmative/interrogative/imperativeC.positive/negative/neutralD.simple/coordinateorcompound/complex7.Insociolinguistics,themorestandardvarietyiscalledthevariety,whichisusedformoreformalorseriousmatters,suchasspeechesmadeingovernment,themedia,school,orchurch.A.IowB.highC.authoritativeD.official8.ThesenserelationthatholdsbetweenthetwowordsfiowerandroseisA.polysemyB.homonymyC.hyponymyD.synonymy9.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstract,anddecontextualized,themeaningofa(n)isconcrete,andcontext-dependent.A.wordB.phraseC.idiomD.utterance10.Historicallinguisticsisthesubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudieslanguagechange,therefore,itmainlyadoptsaapproach.A.diachronicB.synchronicC.descriptiveD.prescriptiveII.Directions:FillintheblankontheANSWERSHEETineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11.Dfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.12.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedeitherintermsofmofarticulationorintermsofplaceofarticulation.13.Languageacquisitionisconcernedwithlanguagedinhumans.14.Boundmorphemesincludetwotypes:rootsanda15.Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,calledh,oneontherightandoneontheleft.16.ThetheoryofCaseConditionaccountsforthefactthatnphrasesappearonlyinsubjectandobjectpositions.17.Aparticularrmaybeusedbyaparticulargroupofpeople,usuallysharingthesameoccupationlikedoctors,teachers,andlawyers,orthesameinterests,suchasstampcollectors,footballfans.18.Rmeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.19.AccordingtoJohnAustin,pweresentencesthatdidnotstateafactordescribeastateandwerenotverifiable.20.ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguageisdividedintotheperiodsofOEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModemEnglish.III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseontheANSWERSHEET.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandthengivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)21.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,paroleisconcrete,whilelangueisabstract.22.TherearetwonasalsinEnglish:[m][n].23.StudiesoftheeffectofformalinstructioningeneralsupportthehypothesisthatinstructiondecidesSLA.24.Sinceacompoundisaword,itscomponentscannotbewrittenseparately.25.Formostindividuals,thelefthemisphereisdominantforlanguage,regardlessofhandiness.26.Thearrangementofwordsinalinearsequenceentailsthatsentencesaresimplylinearly-structured.27.Aeuphemismisamild,directorlessoffensivewordorexpressionsubstitutedwhenthespeakerorwriterfearsmoreindirectwordingmightbeharsh,unpleasantlyoffensive.28.Whentwowordsareidenticalinspelling,theyarehomophones.29.Ifonesayswhathebelievestobefalse,heviolatesthemaximofquantity.30.Themostvigorousandon-goingchangeinthehistoricaldevelopmentofalanguageisthechangeinitsvocabulary.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.(3%×10=30%)31.appliedlinguistics32.InternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)33.languagetransfer34.inflectionalaffixes35.linguisticlateralization36.branchingnodes37.semantics38.illocutionaryact39.historicallinguistics40.linguafrancaV.Directions:Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)41.Ofthetwomediaoflanguage,speechandwriting,whichismorebasicintheviewofmodemlinguistics?Explainthereasons.42.Whatarethemajorviewsconcerningthestudyofmeaning?Explainthembriefly.

2019年10月高等教育自学考试《现代语言学》试题课程代码：00830I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandblackenthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.1.providesspeakerswithanopportunitytotalkaboutawiderangeofthings,freefrombarrierscausedbyseparationintimeandplace.A.ArbitrarinessB.ProductivityC.DualityD.Displacement2.[ɜ:][Ə]and[ʌ]arethevowelsinEnglish.A.frontB.semi-openC.centralD.back3.TherootofthewordcarelessnessisA.careB.carelessC.-lessD.-ness4.Syntaxisasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesthestructureoflanguage.A.soundB.wordC.sentenceD.meaning5.ThesenserelationbetweenthetwowordsfiowerandroseisA.antonymyB.hyponymyC.homonymyD.polysymy6.ThestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunicationiscommonlycalledA.semanticsB.syntaxC.pragmaticsD.sociolinguistics7.HistoricallinguisticsisthesubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudieslanguageA.changeB.factC.grammarD.presence8.VariationinlanguageusewhichisassociatedwiththesexofindividualspeakersisA.ageB.genderC.registerD.slang9.Thelanguagecenterthatisresponsibleforconvertingavisualstimulusintoanauditoryformandviceversaiscalleda(n)A.Broca'sareaB.Wemicke'sareaC.motorareaD.angulargyms10.Inlanguagelearning,isdefinedintermsofthelearner'soverallgoalororientation.A.motivationB.aptitudeC.acculturationD.personalityII.Directions:FillintheblankontheANSWERSHEETineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.11.Chomskydefinespastheactualrealizationoftheidealuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticcommunication.12.Thearti