三大类从句-2023修改整理

千里之行，始于足下让知识带有温度。第第2页/共2页精品文档推荐三大类从句三大类从句

一、定义

名词性从句相当于名词，可分离作主句的主语、表语、定语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

二、名词性从句考点

考点1:引导名词性从句的衔接词

连词：that,whether,if,asif在从句中________成分

衔接代词：who,whom,whose,what,which;__词义，在从句中担任___，___，___或____。衔接副词：when,where,why,how;__词义，在从句中担任____。

1)_______hewillsucceediscertain.

2)_______hewillgothereisnotknown.

3)_______hesaidisnottrue.

4)_______hehidthemoneyistobefoundout.

5)_______comesiswelcome.

注重：当that引导____从句时，习惯上多以___为_____主语，而把主语从句____。

可用__作___主语的从句结构常有：

1.It’sapity/shame/factthat...;It’snowonderthat..;(怪不得…)

2.It’snatural/possible/strange….;

3.It’snotknown/decidedthat….;It’ssaid/reportedthat….;

4.Itseems/happenedthat….;

考点2:宾语从句的语序

Ireallywonder______willstopJapanfromitsannualwhalehuntintheAntarctic.(2022·山西太原五中月考)

A.thatitiswhat

B.whatitisthat

C.whatisitthat

D.thatisitwhat

宾语从句：从句在句中充当_____成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）

连词：that,whether,if（that常可省略）

who,what,which,whoever,whatever,

When,where,why,how

1)Theyknow_____thehabitwillkillthem.

2)Italldependson________theywillsupportus.

3)Heasked______muchIpaidfortheviolin.

4)Hemadeitcleartothepublic_______hedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.

5)Hetoldmehewouldcomeand_____hewouldcomeontime.

注重：that在宾语从句中的省略与保留

a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中________.

b.由连词and衔接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第____个_____不省略.

考点3:由reason作主语时，表语从句的衔接词

Thereasonwhyhecan'tgotoschoolis______heisill.

A.because

B.why

C.that

D.which

表语从句：从句在句中充当_____成分，普通放在__________之后.

作用：对主语举行____________。

衔接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引导表语从句)

衔接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what

衔接副词：when/where/why/how/because

1)Thequestionis__________wecanrelyonhim.

2)That’s________wewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.

3)Helooked________hewasgoingtocry.

4)That’s_____Iwaslate.

考点4:后接同位语从句的名词

Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy______children'searlysleepingproblemarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.(2022·重庆卷34)

A.why

B.how

C.whether

D.that

同位语从句：从句在句中充当_______成分，其普通跟在一些_____名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.

同位语从句常用that引导或用衔接副词when/where/why/how/whether

1)Theidea_____computerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.

2)Wordcame______Napoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.

3)Sydneykepthispromise______hewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.

Ⅱ.定语从句考点

考点1:that与which引导定语从句的区分

Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof______havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.(2022·山东卷23)

A.them

B.that

C.which

D.what

thatwhichas的区分

只用that的状况：

1.先行词是all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。例如：

Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuy?

2.先行词被all,few,little,much,every,some,no等词修饰或被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等限定词修饰时。例如：

TheseareallthepicturesthatIhaveseen.

Thisistheverydictionarythatisofgreathelp.

3.先行词既指人又指物时。例如：

Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthethingsandthepersonsthattheycouldremember.

4.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如：

Ourschoolisnottheonethatitusedtobe.

5.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：

ThisisthebestEnglishfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasATaleofTwoCities.

6.主句是who或which引导的特别问句时。例如：

Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?

WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?

只用which的状况：

非限制性定语从句中；

代指前面的一个事实，只能用在主句后面；

注重：介词后面不一定只能加which，

介词+which，介词+whom，介词+where，介词+when，介词+whose

考点2:“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

Inourclassthereare46students,______halfwearglasses.(2022·四川卷13)

A.inwhom

B.inthem

C.ofwhom

D.ofthem

考点3:as和which引导非限制性定语从句的比较

例1：TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,______isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.(2022·全国大纲卷7)

A.this

B.that

C.what

D.which

例2：______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

A.It

B.As

C.That

D.What

as的用法：

1、代指前面发生的一件事情，可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。

2、先行词有thesame与thesuch修饰的时候，关系代词用as，注重thesame...as...（同类）与thesame...that（同一个）的区分

考点4:关系代词与关系副词的挑选

例1：Iwillneverforgettheday______Icametomyuniversityandtheday______Ispentinanewcity.

A.when;which

B.which;when

C.what;that

D.onwhich;when

例2：Menaremoresuitedtooccupationalenvironments______requiredecisiveactionwhilewomenarebetteratjobs______aconsideredapproachismostimportant.(江苏南京金陵中学高三模拟)

A.which;that

B./;when

C.which;when

D.that;where

Ⅲ.状语从句考点

考点1:时光状语从句

例1:Hesmiledpolitely______Maryapologizedforherdrunkenfriends.(2022·山东卷27)A.asB.ifC.unlessD.though

例2:Ihadhardlygottotheoffice______mywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.(2022·全国大纲卷11)

A.when

B.than

C.until

D.after

时光状语从句应注重的问题when//as//while

_______从句中谓语v.既可是连续性的//终止性的.

________“一边一边”，“随着”，区分with

________引导的从句中的动词必需是连续性的

as的用法小结(十分6+1)

1)Asshegrewolder,shegainedinconfidence.

______________________________________

2)Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.

_____________________________________________

3)Asweallknow,the2022OlympicGameswasheldonAugust8th.

_____________________________________________________

4)Muchashelikesthecar,hecan’taffordit.

Objectasyoumay,I’llgo.

Childasheis,heknowswhatistherighttodo.

____________________________________________________

5)Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.

_____________________________________________________

6)—whatdoyouthinkoftheconcert?

Ireallyenjoyit.Ididn’texpectitwasaswonderful.(asitis)

__________________________________________________________

7)Heisfamousasamoviestar.

________________________________________________________________

While用法小結

1)WhileIamwritingthis,youcanbedoingsthelse.

_______________________________________________

2)WhileIadmitheisn’tperfect,Istilllovehim.

_________________________________________________

3)Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaven’tenough.

________________________________________________

When用法小結：

1.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenhecame.

2.Iwasonthepointofgoingoutwhenhecame.

=Hewasabouttogooutwhenthephonerang.

3.Hehadjustarrivedhomewhenhismotheraskedhimtohavedinner.

Summary1:表示“这时骤然的”句型

bedoing…when…正在做…这时骤然

beonthepointofdoing…when…=beabouttodo…when…(刚要做…这时骤然…）

hadjustdone…when…(刚做完某事这时骤然）

1）Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalktherein5minutes.2）Whydidyoutraintobeateacherwhenyoudidn’tlovechildren?

3）Howcanweexplainittoyouwhenyouwon’tlisten.

Summary2:when表示在…状况下，可译成既然…

表示“一…就…”的句型

(1)assoonas…

(2)hadhardly/scarcelydone…whensb.did…;hadnosoonerdone…thansb.did…

(3)Thesecond/minute/moment/instant…;

(4)directly,instantly,immediately(连词）

此外：注重时光状语从句中n.做conj.

thefirst/second/lasttime…;

everytime,nexttime，bythetime（连词)

ThefirsttimeIsawhim,Ifellinlovewithhim.

IfellinlovewithhimthefirsttimeIsawhim.

I’llvisithimnexttimeIgotoBeijing.

“before”的用法

1)Itwillbealongtimebeforewemeetagain.

2)Itwasalongtimebeforewemetagain.

3)Itwon’tbelongbeforehegainssuccess.

4)—Whydid’tyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?

HerushedoutoftheroombeforeIcouldsayaword.

Summary:

Itis/was/willbe+时光段+before…(多久之后才…）

Itisn’t/wasn’t/willnotbe+时光段+before…(不久之后就….)

before:还没来得及…就….

“since”的用法

Ithasbeenalongtimesincewelastmet.

Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.

summary1:

Ithasbeen/is+时光段+since…过去时

Ithadbeen/was+时光段+since….过去完成时（从…开头已经多久了）

IthasbeenfouryearssinceIwasastudent.

IthasbeenyearssinceIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.

Summary2:

since从句中的动词假如是连续性动词，应当反着译

till/until用法

until/till“直到…止”(绝对句中，主句V.连续V.)

not…until“直到…才”(否定句中，主句V.终止V.)

until可用于倒装句和强调句

till不用于句首

Shedidn’tfinishedherhomeworkuntilIreturnedhome.

NotuntilIreturneddidshefinishherhomework.

ItwasnotuntilIreturnedhomethatshefinishedherhomework.

考点2:条件状语从句

ItishardfortheGreekgovernmenttogetoverthepresentdifficulties______itgetsmorefinancialsupportfromtheEuropeanUnion.(2022·福建卷30)

A.if

B.unless

C.because

D.since

I.Adverbialclauseofcondition(条件状语从句)

1.if“假如”;虚拟语气和陈述语气

2.unless(=ifnot)意为“除非,假如不”。

3.incase(万一，以防万一）,onconditionthat，providing，provided(that)，supposing，suppose(that)

4.as/solongas（只要）once(一旦）

考点3:让步状语从句

例1:Idon'tbelievewe'vemetbefore,______Imustsayyoudolookfamiliar.(2022·全国新课标卷25)

A.therefore

B.although

C.since

D.unless

例2:—Lookatthoseclouds