2023年职称英语理工类B级考试真题与答案

2023年职称英语理工类b级真题及答案1.Therevelationofhispastledtohisresignation.A.imaginationB.disclosureC.confirmationD.recall参考答案：B2.Jensenisdangerousman,andcanbeverybrutal.A.carelessB.cruelC.strongD.hard参考答案：B3.You'llhavetosprintifyouwanttocatchthetrain.A.jumpB.escapeC.runD.prepare参考答案：C4.Weareworriedaboutthisfluidsituationfullwithuncertainty.A.changebleB.stableC.suitableD.adaptable参考答案：A5.Thenewgarmentfitsherperfectly.A.haircutB.purseC.clothesD.necklace参考答案：C6.Thephobiamayhaveitsrootinachildhoodtrauma.A.fearB.joyC.hurtD.memory参考答案：C7.Theyhavebuiltcanalstoirrigatethedesert.A.decorateB.waterC.changeD.visit参考答案：B8.Heroveralllanguageproficiencyremainsthatofatoddler.A.disabledB.pupilC.teenagerD.baby参考答案：D9.Thecoastalareahasverymildwinter,butthecentralplainsremainextremelycold.A.warmB.severeC.hardD.dry参考答案：A10.Thedetailsofthecostumeweretotallyauthentic.A.realB.outstandingC.creativeD.false参考答案：A11.Weareawareofthepotentialproblems.A.globalB.possibleC.ongoingD.central参考答案：B12.Theideawasquitebrilliant.A.positiveB.cleverC.keyD.original参考答案：B13.Stockmarketpricetumbledafterrumorofariseininterestrate.A.regulatedB.increasedC.maintainedD.fell参考答案：D14.Thecoursegivesyoubasicinstructionincarmaintenance.A.coachingB.ideaC.termD.aspect参考答案：A15.Allhouseswithin100metersoftheseasareatriskofflooding.A.indangerB.outofcontrolC.betweenequalsD.inparticular参考答案：A二、阅读判断TheTheoryofEveryoneIfStephenHawkinglivesuntiltheyear2023,hewillhavelivedmorethan50yearslongerthanhisdoctorsexpected.Whenhewasacollegestudent,doctorsdiscoveredthathehadararedisease.Thisdiseasecausesagradualdisintegration(分解)ofthenervecellsinthebraincellsthatregulatevoluntarymuscleactivity.Deathalmostalwaysoccurswithintwoorthreeyears.TodayStephenHawkingcannotwalkorspeak.Hecannotmovehisarmsorhishead.Hecannottasteorsmellanything.AndyetthismanisProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity,apositionheldbythefamousscientistIsaacNewtonin1669.HawkingisoftendescribedasthegreatestscientistsinceAlbertEinstein,buttotheworldoutsidescience,heisalsoknownasthemanwhomadescientifictheoryunderstandable.Hisbook,ABriefHistoryofTime,hassoldovereightmillioncopies.Hesaysthatsincehedoesnothavetothinkabouthisbodyordoanyofthethingsothermenhavetoworryabout,suchaswashingthecarorworkingintheyard,hecandedicateallofhistimetothinking.Thisputshimintheperfectpositiontofindtheanswertothequestionthathehasdedicatedhislifeto.Hisquestionis:Isthereacompletetheoryoftheuniverseandeverythinginit?Despitehistremendousphysicaldisabilities,hehasalreadymadesomeveryimportantdiscoveriesabouttheoriginoftheuniverse,howtheuniverseholdstogether,andhowitwillprobablyend.Hehasalsobeenabletoexplainthesecretsof“blackholes”inspace.Nowheislookingforasetofrulesthateverythinginouruniversemustobey.HecallsittheTheoryofEverything.Hethinksthatsomeonewillhavefoundtheanswerwithinthenext20years.IfStephenHawkingisabletofindhisTheoryofEverything,hewillhavegiventheworldtheopportunitytounderstandthingsthatwillchangethewholenatureofscienceandprobablyalsothewaywelive.16.StephenHawkingwillbe50yearsoldby2023.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned参考答案：BIfStephenHawkinglivesuntiltheyear2023,hewillhavelivedmorethan50yearslongerthanhisdoctorsexpected.17.StephenHawkingsuffersfromararebraindisease.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned参考答案：A18.StephenHawkingisProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned参考答案：A19.ABriefHistoryofTimeisverydifficultforstudentstounderstand.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned参考答案：B20.StephenHawkinghasmuchtimetothinkbecausehedoesn'thavetowork.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned参考答案：A21.StephenHawkinghasspentaroundtenyearsexplainingthesecretsofA.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned参考答案：C22.TheTheoryofEverythingisabouttherulesthateverythingintheuniversefollows.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned参考答案：A三、概括大意与完成句子Geothermal(地热)Energy1Sinceheatnaturallymovesfromhotterregionstocoolerones,theheatfromtheearth'scenterflowsoutwardstowardsthesurface.Inthisway,ittransferstothenextlayerofrock.Ifthetemperatureishighenough,someofthisrockmeltsandformsmagma(岩浆).Themagmaascendsinitsturntowardstheearth'ssurface.Itoftenremainswellbelowtheearth'ssurface,creatingvastareasofhotrock.Insuchregions,therearedeepcracks,whichallowrainwatertodescendunderground.Someoftheheatedrainwatertravelsbackuptotheearth'ssurfacewhereitwillappearasahotspring.However,ifthisascendinghotwaterreachesalayerofimpermeable(不可渗透的)rock,itremainstrapped,formingageothermalreservoir.Ifgeothermalreservoirsarecloseenoughtothesurface,theycanbereachedbydrillingwells.Hotwaterandsteamshootupthewellsnaturally,andcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityingeothermalpowerplants.2.Afewgeothermalpowerplantsdependondry-stemreservoirswhichproducesteambutlittleornowater.Inthesecases,thesteamispipedupdirectlytoprovidethepowertospinaturbinegenerator.Thefirstgeothermalpowerplant,constructedatLardarelloinItaly,wasofthistype,andisstillproducingelectricitytoday.3.Mostcurrentlyoperatinggeothermalpowerplantsareeither"flash"steamplantsorbinary(双重的)plants.Flashplantsproducemainlyhotwaterrangingintemperaturefrom300°to700°Fahrenheit.Thiswaterispassedthroughoneortwoseparatorswherereleasedfromthepressureoftheundergroundreservoir,it"flashes"orboilsintosteamAgain,theforceofthissteamprovidestheenergytospintheturbineandproduceelectricity.Thegeothermalwaterandsteamarethenreinjecteddirectlybackdownintotheearthtomaintainthevolumeandpressureofthereservoir.Graduallytheywillbereheatedandcanthenbeusedagain.4.Areservoirwithtemperaturesbelow300°Fahrenheitisnothotenoughtoflashsteambutitcanstillbeusedtogenerateelectricityinbinaryfluid.Thesteamfromthisisusedtopowertheturbines.Asintheflashsteamplant,thegeothermalwaterisrecycledbackintothereservoir.23.Paragraph1_____A.DrysteamplantsB.BinaryplantsC.OriginofgeothermalenergyD.GenerationofelectricityE.FlashsteamplantsF.Recyclablewaterandsteam参考答案：C24Paragraph2_____A.DrysteamplantsB.BinaryplantsC.OriginofgeothermalenergyD.GenerationofelectricityE.FlashsteamplantsF.Recyclablewaterandsteam参考答案：A25Paragraph3_____A.DrysteamplantsB.BinaryplantsC.OriginofgeothermalenergyD.GenerationofelectricityE.FlashsteamplantsF.Recyclablewaterandsteam参考答案：E26Paragraph4_____A.DrysteamplantsB.BinaryplantsC.OriginofgeothermalenergyD.GenerationofelectricityE.FlashsteamplantsF.Recyclablewaterandsteam参考答案：F27.Ageothermalreservoirisformedwhenhotwateristrappedunder_____.A.theenergytoturnaturbineB.impermeablerockC.oneortwoseparatorsD.turbineoperatorE.littleornowaterF.hotsprings参考答案：B28.Adry-steamreservoirproducessteamwith_____.A.theenergytoturnaturbineB.impermeablerockC.oneortwoseparatorsD.turbineoperatorE.littleornowaterF.hotsprings参考答案：E29.Flashplantsproducehotwaterthrough_____.A.theenergytoturnaturbineB.impermeablerockC.oneortwoseparatorsD.turbineoperatorE.littleornowaterF.hotsprings参考答案：C30.Inabinaryplant,theheatofthegeothermalwatercanbeconvertedinto_____.A.theenergytoturnaturbineB.impermeablerockC.oneortwoseparatorsD.turbineoperatorE.littleornowaterF.hotsprings参考答案：A四、阅读理解SmartWindows1.Windowsnotonlyletlightintocutdownanelectricityuseforlighting,butthelightcomingthroughthewindowalsoprovidesheat.However,windowsarenotsomethingpeopletypicallyassociatewithbeingacuttingedgetechnology.Researchersarenowworkingonnewtechnologiesthatenableawindowtoquicklychangefromcleartodarkandanywhereinbetweeneasily.2."Ittookusalongtimetofigureoutwhatawindowreallyis,"saysClaesGranqvist.He'saprofessorofsolid-statephysicsatUppsalaUniversityinSweden."It'scontactwiththeoutsideworld.Youhavetohavevisualcontactwiththesurroundingworldtofeelwell."So,windowsandnaturallightareimportantforimprovingthewaypeoplefeelwhenthey'restuckindoors.3.Yet,windowsaretheweaklinkinabuildingwhenitcomestoenergyandtemperaturecontrol.Inthewinter,coldairleaksin.Whenit'shotandsunny,sunlightstreamsin.Allofthissunlightcarrieslotsofheatandenergy.Andallofthisextraheatforcespeopletoturnontheirairconditioners.Producingcoldair,whichcanfeelsorefreshing(使人清新的),actuallysuckupenormousamountsofelectricityinbuildingsaroundtheworld.4.Windowshavebeenamajorfocusofenergyresearchforalongtime.Overtheyears,scientistshavecomeupwithavarietyofstrategiesforcoating,glazing(用玻璃覆盖),andlayeringwindowstomakethemmoreenergyefficient.Smartwindowsgoastepfurther.Theyusesomechromogenic(发色的)technologiesinvolvingchangesofcolor.5.Electrochromic(电致色的)windowsuseelectricitytochangecolor.Forexample,asheetofglasscoatedwiththinlayersoftungstenoxide(氧化钨)worksabitlikeabattery.Tungstenoxideisclearwhenanelectricchargeisappliedanddarkwhenthechargeisremoved,thatis,whentheamountofvoltage(电压)isdecreased,thewindowdarkensuntilit'scompletelydarkafterallelectricityistakenaway.Soapplyingavoltagedetermineswhetherthewindowlooksclearordark.6.Oneimportantfeaturethatmakesasmartwindowsosmartisthatithasasortof"memory".Allittakesisasmallshockofvoltagetoturnthewindowfromonestatetotheother.Then,itstaysthatway.Transitionstakefrom10secondstoafewminutes,dependingonthesizeofthewindow.Thedevelopmentofsmartwindowscouldmeanthatmassiveairconditioningsystemsmaynolongerneed."Inthefuture,"Granqvistsays,"ourbuildingsmaylookdifferent."31.WhichofthefollowingvaluesofwindowsisNOTmentioned?A.Theyletlightintobrightenthehouse.B.Theyletlightintoheatthehouse.C.Theyletushavevisualcontactwiththesurroundingworld.D.Theyletusthinkabouttheoutsideworld.参考答案：D32.Theexpression"whenitcomesto"inParagraph3isusedto_____.A.signalthearrivalofaguest.B.indicatetherecoveryofconsciousness.C.showourunderstandingofsomething.D.introduceanewaspectofatopic.参考答案：D33.AccordingtoParagraph4,smartwindowsarethewindowsthat_____.A.arecosted.B.areglazed.C.haveseverallayers.D.canchangecolor.参考答案：D34.Whichparagraphgivesanaccountofthewayelectrochromicwindowschanging?A.Paragraph5.B.Paragraph3.C.Paragraph4.D.Paragraph6.参考答案：A35.Asmartwindowsissmartmainlybecause_____.A.itcanchangeitssize.B.itcanchangeitsstructure.C.itcanchangethevoltageofelectricity.D.ithasasortofmemory.参考答案：DSportsStarYaoMingIfYaoMingisnotthebiggestsportsstarintheworld,heisalmostcertainlythetallest.At2.26m,heisthetallestplayerintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)andholdstherecordasthemosttoweringOlympianevertocompeteintheGames.Butwhatreallystandsoutaboutthegiantcenterishiscelebrity(名气).Few,ifany,Chineseathletesareaswell-knownasYaoaroundtheworld.PeopleacrosstheglobearefascinatedwithYao,notonlyforhisbasketballprowess(杰出的才能)alsoforbeingasymbolofinternationalcommerce.WhenYaojoinedtheHoustonRocketsastheNo.1pickinthe2002NBAdraft(选抜)，hewasthefirstinternationalplayerevertobeselectedfirst.Hisassetsonthecourtareclearenough—noNBAplayerofhissizehaseverpossessedhismobility,soheisahandful(难对付的人)foropponentsoneitherendofthecourt.ButwhatmakesYaoinvaluabletotheRocketsorganizationishisroleasaglobalcitizenandasabridgetomillionsofpotentialbasketballfansinChina.WhenitwasannouncedinFebruarythatYaowouldmisstherestoftheNBAseasonandpossiblytheOlympicswithastressfracture(骨折)inhisleftfoot,acollectiveshudder(震动)spreadacrossChina.Afterconsiderabledebateanddiscussion,Yaooptedtogethisfootsurgicallytreatedinanoperationthatplacedseveraltinyscrewsacrossthebone,toofferhisoverburdenedfootmoresupport.Thesurgerywasasuccess,andthoughtheestimatedfour-monthrecoveryperiodwillleavehimlittletimetopreparewithTeamChina,YaohasvowedtobereadyfortheBeijingOlympics.Yaowrappedupa10-daytriptoChina,whereheunderwentaseriesoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)treatments,hopingtoacceleratehisrecoveryprocessWesternexpertsaregenerallyskepticalofTCM'sbenefitsalthoughnewresearchfromtheUniversityofRochestersuggeststhatacertaincompoundderivedfromshellfishmayindeedstimulatebonerepair."ThereisnoreasontodismissTCM,"YaotoldapressconferenceinBeijing."It'sbeenusedinourcountryforthousandsofyears.Idon'tthinkthatit'sshortonscience."36.Theword"towering"inParagraph1means_____A.large.B.fat.C.tall.D.great.参考答案：C37.OpponentsfinditverydifficulttocontrolYaoMingbecauseofhis_____A.mobility.B.assault.C.defense.D.celebrity.参考答案：A38.YaoMinghadtoundergoaseriesofTCMtreatmentsbecause_____A.hisrightfoothadbeenhurting.B.hewantedtomakeamorerapidrecovery.C.thesurgicaloperationhadbeenafailure.D.hecouldn'taffordallthemedicalexpenses.参考答案：B39.WhichstatementaboutYaoMingisNOTtrue?A.HemissedtheAthensOlympics.B.HeisanNBAplayer.C.Hefracturedhisleftfoot.D.Heisaninternationalfigure.参考答案：A40.Ingeneral,theWesternexperts'attitudetowardsTCMis_____.A.indifferent.B.positive.C.negative.D.doubtful.参考答案：DCanyouhearThis?Whensomethingcreatesasoundwaveinaroomoranauditorium,listenershearthesoundwavedirectlyfromthesource.Theyalsohearthereflectionsasthesoundbouncesoffthewalls,floor,andceiling.Thesearecalledthereflectedwaveorreverberant(反射的)sound,whichcanbeheardevenafterthesoundisnolongercomingfromthesource.Thereverberationtimeofanauditoriumisdeterminedbythevolumeorinteriorsizeoftheauditorium.Itisalsodeterminedbyhowwellorhowpoorlythewalls,ceiling,floor,andcontentsoftheroom(includingthepeople)absorbsound.Thereisnoidealreverberationtime.Becauseeachuseofanauditoriumcallsfordifferentreverberation.Speechneedstobeunderstoodclearly:thereforeroomsusedfortalkingmusthaveashortreverberationtime.Thefull-soundperformanceofmusicsuchasWagneroperasorMahlersymphoniesshouldhavealongreverberationtime.Thelight,rapidmusicalpassagesofBachorMozartneedareverberationtimesomewherebetween.Acousticproblemsoftenarecausedbypoorauditoriumdesign.Smooth,curvedreflectingsurfacescreatelargereflections.Parallel(平行的)wallsreflectsoundbackandforth,creatingarapid,repetitivepulsingeffect.Largepillars(柱)andcornerscancauseacousticshadowsasthesoundwavestrytopassaroundtheobject.Someoftheseproblemscanbesolvedbyusingabsorbersandreflectorstochangethereverberationtimeofaroom.Forexample,hanginglargereflectors,calledclouds,overtheperformerswillallowsomesoundfrequenciestoreflectandotherstopasstoachieveapleasingmixtureofsound.41.Thispassageismainlyabout_____A.soundwavesandtheireffects.B.thetypesofmusicorchestrasplay.C.wallsofanauditorium.D.thedesignofanauditorium.参考答案：D42.WagneroperasandMahlersymphonieswithfull-soundeffecthave_____A.ashortreverberationtime.B.anintermediatereverberationtime.C.noreverberationtime.D.alongreverberationtime.参考答案：D43.Thispassagesuggeststhatagoodauditoriumshould_____A.getridofallreflections.B.nothaveabsorbers.C.achieveapleasingmixtureofsound.D.havesmoothsurfaces.参考答案：D44.Largepillarsandcornersmay_____A.makesoundrichandfull.B.becuresforsoundproblems.C.besourcesofsoundproblems.D.functionaseffectivelyasclouds.参考答案：C45.Theword"acoustic"inthelastparagraphhassomethingtodowith_____A.performance.B.sound.C.audience.D.weather.参考答案：B五、补全短文WhatIsaDream?Forcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout.Somepsychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Others,however,thinkthatdreamsareanimportantpartofourlives.Infact,manyexpertsbelievethatdreamscantellusaboutaperson'smindandemotions.Beforemoderntimes,manypeoplethoughtthatdreamscontainedmessagesfromGod._____(46)TheAustrianpsychologist,SigmundFreud,wasprobablythefirstpersontostudydreamsscientifically.Inhisfamousbook,TheinterpretationofDreams(1900),Freudwrotethatdreamsareanexpressionofaperson'swishes.Hebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthefeelings,thoughts,andfearsthattheyareafraidtoexpressinreallife.TheSwisspsychiatristCarlJungwasonceastudentofFreud's.Jung,however,hadadifferentideaaboutdreams.Jungbelievedthatthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer._____(47)Forexample,peoplewhodreamaboutfallingmaylearnthattheyhavetoohighanopinionofthemselves.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhodreamaboutbeingheroesmaylearnthattheythinktoolittleofthemselves.Modern-daypsychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.Forexample,psychologistWilliamDomhofffromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,believesthatdreamsaretightlylinkedtoaperson'sdailylife,thoughts,andbehavior._____(48)Domhoffbelievesthatthereisaconnectionbetweendreamsandage.Hisresearchshowsthatchildrendonotdreamasmuchasadults.AccordingtoDomhoff,dreamingisamentalskillthatneedstimetodevelop.Hehasalsofoundalinkbetweendreamsandgender.Hisstudiesshowthatthedreamsofmenandwomenaredifferent._____(49)Thisisnottrueofwomen'sdreams.Domhofffoundthisgenderdifferenceinthedreamsofpeoplefrom11culturesaroundtheworld,includingbothmodernandtraditionalones.Candreamshelpusunderstandourselves?Psychologistscontinuetotrytoanswerthisquestionindifferentways._____(50)Thedreammayhavemeaning,butitdoesnotmeanthatsometerribleeventwillactuallytakeplace.It'simportanttorememberthattheworldofdreamsisnottherealworld.46._____A.Forexample,thepeopleinmen'sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.B.Menandwomendreamaboutdifferentthings.C.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.D.However,onethingtheyagreeonthis:Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccur,youshouldn'tpanic.E.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.F.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.参考答案：E47._____A.Forexample,thepeopleinmen'sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.B.Menandwomendreamaboutdifferentthings.C.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.D.However,onethingtheyagreeonthis:Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccur,youshouldn'tpanic.E.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.F.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.参考答案：F48._____A.Forexample,thepeopleinmen'sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.B.Menandwomendreamaboutdifferentthings.C.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.D.However,onethingtheyagreeonthis:Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccur,youshouldn'tpanic.E.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.F.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.参考答案：C49._____A.Forexample,thepeopleinmen'sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.B.Menandwomendreamaboutdifferentthings.C.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.D.However,onethingtheyagreeonthis:Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccur,youshouldn'tpanic.E.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.F.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.参考答案：A50._____A.Forexample,thepeopleinmen'sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.B.Menandwomendreamaboutdifferentthings.C.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.D.However,onethingtheyagreeonthis:Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccur,youshouldn'tpanic.E.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.F.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.参考答案：D六、完形填空WarmerclimatewillbaketropicalbugsGlobalwarmingcouldcooktropicalinsects,withunpredictableknock-oneffects,sayresearcherswhowarnthatrisingtemperaturesalso_____(51)tropicalfrogsandlizards(蜥蜴).Temperaturesare_____(52)toincreasemuchfasterintemperate(温和的)andpolar(极地的)regionsthaninthetropics.Butno-onehadlookedathowwarmingwouldaffectinsectsandothercold-bloodedanimals_____(53)hadevolvedintropicalregionswithlittletemperaturevariation.CurtisDeutschattheUniversityofCaliforni