细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展

细菌是植物根围优势微生物类群TheRhizosphereisthezonesurroundingtherootsofaplantwhichcomplexrelationsexistsamongtheplant,thesoilmicroorganismsandthesoilitself.TheplantrootsandthebiofilmassociatedwiththemcanprofoundlyinfluencethechemistryofthesoilincludingpHandnitrogentransformations.细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第1页一、细菌作为生防菌优势细菌单细胞，便于进行规模发酵生产（模仿Bt生产工艺）生长繁殖，便于进行制剂生产芽孢杆菌存活时间长，便于制剂储存细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第2页二、细菌防治植物病害机制抗生作用寄生作用竞争作用诱导植物抗性细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第3页AgrobacteriumradiobacterK84

productionofAgrocin84(bacterocin)inhibitingjustA.tumefaciens细菌抗生作用细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第4页细菌寄生作用细菌寄生线虫

如穿透巴氏杆菌（Pasturiapenetrens）寄生线虫细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第5页再如：蛭弧菌寄生G-细菌细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第6页

另外，链霉菌（放线菌）对真菌含有重寄生作用比如：链霉菌菌株F46和PR在灰葡萄孢菌丝上产生附着胞、缠绕靶标菌丝,使靶标菌丝畸形等现象。细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第7页诱导抗性激活植物防卫反应

如防卫反应相关酶（POD、PPL、PPO）等活性提高、产生植保素和PR蛋白等

系统性诱导抗性可用于防治植物地上部分病害。细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第8页三、商品制剂细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第9页植物种苗细菌化（Bacterization）以细菌＋粘着剂（如Pelgel）包衣植物种子或苗木

促进植物生长防治根部病害处理方便，易商品化细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第10页细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第11页细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第12页细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第13页利用芽孢杆菌防治桃褐腐病效果细菌处理对照处理细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第14页ManufactureTradenamesTargeteddiseaseAppliedcropsReferencesGustafson,USAQuantum,Kodiak&StealthSeedling&soilbornediseaseCotton,peanut&vegetablesLisanskyetal.,1995Gustafson,USAKodiakATSeedling&SoilbornediseasesCotton,peanut,cereals&legumesLisanskyetal.,1995Agraquest,USASerenadeFungal&bacterialfoliardiseasesGrapevinefruittrees&MicroBio,EnglandEpicRootdiseasesCotton,peanut&beanLisanskyetal.,1995Novosibirsk,RussiaBactophytFungal&bacterialdiseasesVegetables&cerealsLisanskyetal.,1995BayerAG,GermanyFZB24Seedling&SoilbornediseasesVegetables,potato&tobaccoJungeetal.,Kilianetal.,CommercialbiopesticidesbasedonformulationofBacillussubtilis细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第15页细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第16页细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第17页DevelopmentofStreptomycesasabiofungicideanditsapplication

Streptomyces

Grampositivemostlysaprophyticaerobicsoilbornewell-adaptedtohightemperaturegrowswellinslightlyalkalineenvironmentproduceantibiotics&hydrolyticenzymes细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第18页Importantantibiotics

Streptomycin(bacterialdiseasesoffruits)

Kasugamycin&BlasticidinS(riceblast)

Polyoxin&validamycin(ricesheathblight)

Newantibiotics(soilbornediseases)

Chitinase(soilbornediseases)细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第19页Formulationofbiomass

MycostopTM

ProducedbyS.griseovirides

EffectiveagainstBotrytiscinerea

onlettuce,

Fusariumoxusporum

oncarnation,Alternariasp.oncauliflower,Pythiumsp.onsugarbeetandcurcurbits细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第20页StreptomycessaraceticusSS31

effectiveforrootknotnematodechitinasealsoantagonistictofungalpathogens,especiallytoOomycetes

onsolidsubstrate,sporeyieldcanreachupto1011cfu/gshelflife:>1yearat8Casoilamendmentcontainingmushroomcompost,fishmeal,crabshellpowderandrapeseedpomacecanenhanceproliferationofSS31inliquidproductionsystem,cornstarchandsolublechitinwasusedasmajorculturesubstrate.Biomassyieldcanreachupto109-1010cfu/mLeffectivetocontrolPhytophthorainfestansonpapaya(5%via30%inuntreatedplants)significantlyreducedincidenceofdamping-offofcucumber(Pythiumaphanidermatum)细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第21页ResearchmethodologyforsoilborneplantpathogensMicroorganismisolationScreeningEfficacytestingIdentitycharacterizationMechanismexploitationToxicitiytestingMassproduction,formulationandcommercialization细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第22页MicroorganismisolationSamplecollection

soilsamplesfromvariousecologicalnichesplantrhizoplane&rhizospheresoilplantroots

细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第23页Isolationmethods

directisolation

dilutionplatingstissueplating(endophytes)

indirectisolation

baitingtechnique

withsclerotiawithsenescentplanttissue

细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第24页Soilsamplesshouldcollected

fertilefieldsorrhizospherediseasesuppressivesoilsforestsoilsseawater

inaword,fromanalienecologicalniche,youmayhavemorechancetogetnewstrains

细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第25页Inordertoobtaineddiversifiedspecies,weshouldchangemediaandincubationconditions

differentmediasupportgrowthofdifferentmicroorganisms

differentincubationconditionsfavorgrowthofalsodifferentspecies

细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第26页Forisolatingbacteria,nutrientagar(NA)andKing’sBmediaareconventionalused

FluorescentpseudomonadsproducefluorescentsubstancesonKing’sBmedia,Therefore,thismediacanbeusedforpreliminaryidentificationofbacterialstrainsIncubationinwaterat80˚Cmayhelptoisolate

Bacillusspecies

细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第27页细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第28页ForisolatingStreptomyces,mediacontainingsolublestarcharemoresuitable细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第29页Forisolatingfungi,potatodextroseagar(PDA)amendedwithstreptomycinorlacticacidisgenerallyused.细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第30页Forisolatingplantendophytes,planttissuesshouldbesurfacesterilizedbeforeisolation

Thisisahotresearchfield!!!细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第31页ScreeningThemostimportantthingistoestablishascreeningsystem

antibiotics-productionhyperparasitismcompetitionpredationplantgrowthpromotion细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第32页Weshouldconsider:

characteristicsofthetargetpathogens

howtogetthecandidatestrainsandpathogensinvolvedininteractionhowtomassscreen细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第33页Generally,invitroscreeningisusedfirstlyFollowedby

pottingexperimentsfieldmicroplotexperimentsfieldmacroplotexperiments

characterizationofbiologicalfitness

sometimes,effectiveantagonismcannotconferefficientbiologicalcontrolinsoiloronplants

细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第34页Forscreeningplantgrowth-promotingstrains,pottingexperimentsareoftheforemostimportance细菌在植物病害生防中的应用进展第35页Identitycharacterization

Morphology

somaticcells,spores,colonyPhysiologicalandbiochemicalcharacterization

productionofspecificsubstances,utilizationofspecificcarbon/nitrogen

Molecularcharacterization

cloning,sequencingand

comparisonofspecificgenes

细菌在植物病害生