英美概况第二版USAchapter6CultureandEducation

英美概况第二版USAchapter6CultureandEducation第1页/共31页Warming-up1Newwordsandexpressions2Culture

3Education4CaseStudies&Exercises5Contents第2页/共31页Warming-upWhat’sthenicknameforAmericanPeople?TherearemanythingsthatsymbolizeAmericanculture,couldyousaysomeofthem?第3页/共31页第4页/共31页Newwordsandexpressionsindividualism:n.abeliefintheimportanceoftheindividualandthevirtueofself-relianceandpersonalindependence个人主义

—TheshifttowardindividualismamongJapaneseismost

pronouncedamongtheveryyoung.inclination:n.anattitudeofmindespeciallyonethatfavorsonealternativeoverothers倾向，意向

—Sheshowednoinclinationtogo.egalitarianism:n.（主张在社会、政治、经济权利方面人人平等的）平等主义

—Holdingtotheidealof“egalitarianism”,thecountrypridesitselfonmakingnodistinctionofethnicbackgroundorrace.第5页/共31页Newwordsandexpressionssecular:adj.concerningthosenotmembersoftheclergy世俗的

—ThegeneralhistorytendencyofChristianmusicisbecomingtothesecular.consolidate:v.makefirmorsecure;strengthen巩固—Thearmyconsolidatedthepositionwhichtheyhadcaptured.mandatory：adj.requiredbyrule命令的，强制性的

—Althoughnotmandatory,itiscertainlytheeasiestwaytomanagedeployment.

第6页/共31页Newwordsandexpressionsimpairment:n.theconditionofbeingunabletoperformasaconsequenceofphysicalormentalunfitness损伤，毁损

—Shedidnothaveanyevidenceofhearingimpairment.decentralized：adj.withdrawnfromacenterorplaceofconcentration分散的

—Thebalancebetweencentralizedanddecentralizeddecisionmakingissometimesdelicate.第7页/共31页Introduction—

Americaisa“meltingpot”.第8页/共31页CultureCuisineCulture

BECDA

MainstreamU.S.CultureNationalholidaysSports

Media第9页/共31页Culture—

MainstreamU.S.cultureIndividualism个人主义Self-reliance独立自主Egalitarianism平等主义ExplicitnessEqualityofopportunityandcompetitionMaterialwealthandhardwork第10页/共31页第11页/共31页Culture—CuisineSausagepattiesMeatsteakor第12页/共31页Culture—holidays第13页/共31页DateOfficialNameRemarksJanuary1NewYear’sDayCelebratesbeginningoftheGregoriancalendaryear.Festivitiesincludecountingdowntomidnight(12:00AM)ontheprecedingnight,NewYear’sEve.ThirdMondayinJanuaryMartinLuther

King,Jr.DayHonorsMartinLutherKing,Jr.,CivilRightsleader,whowasactuallybornonJanuary15,1929;combinedwithotherholidaysinseveralstates.January20,thefirstJanuary20followingaPresidentialelectionInaugurationDayObservedonlybyfederalgovernmentemployeesinWashingtonD.C.,andthebordercountiesofMarylandandVirginia,inordertorelievecongestionthatoccurswiththismajorevent.Swearing-inofPresidentoftheUnitedStatesandVicePresidentoftheUnitedStates.Celebratedeveryfourthyear.ThirdMonday

inFebruaryWashington’sBirthdayManypeoplerefertothisholidayas“Presidents’Day”andconsideritadayhonoringallAmericanpresidents.LastMonday

inMayMemorialDayHonorsthenation’swardeadfromtheCivilWar;markstheunofficialbeginningofthesummerseason.July4IndependenceDayCelebratesDeclarationofIndependence,alsocalledtheFourthofJuly.FirstMondayinSeptemberLaborDayCelebratestheachievementsofworkersandthelabormovement;marksunofficialendofthesummerseason.SecondMonday

inOctoberColumbusDayHonorsChristopherColumbus,traditionaldiscovereroftheAmericas.InsomeareasitisalsoacelebrationofItaliancultureandheritage.November11VeteransDayHonorsallveteransoftheUnitedStatesarmedforces.Atraditionalobservationisamomentofsilenceat11:00a.m.rememberingthosekilledinwar.FourthThursday

inNovemberThanksgivingDayTraditionallycelebratesthegivingofthanksfortheautumnharvest.TraditionallyincludestheconsumptionofaturkeydinnerTraditionalstartoftheholidayseason.December25ChristmasCelebratestheNativityofJesus.PeoplegivegiftsanddecorateChristmastrees.第14页/共31页Culture—mediaNewspapersPeriodicals

Radio

第15页/共31页Culture—sportsbaseballbasketballAmericanfootballhockeylacrosseboxing第16页/共31页Education—schoolgrades第17页/共31页第18页/共31页Education—testsSAT:ScholasticAssessmentTest学术评价测验

ScholasticAptitudeTest学术性向测验ACT:AmericanCollegeTestingGRE:GraduateRecordExamination美国研究生入学考试第19页/共31页Education

—homeschoolingHomeschoolingorhomeschool,alsocalledhomeeducationorhomelearning,istheeducationofchildrenathome,typicallybyparentsbutsometimesbytutors,ratherthaninformalsettingofpublicorprivateschool.第20页/共31页Education–schools第21页/共31页Education—

TheIvyLeague(常青藤盟校）Someofthebest-knownprivateuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesarelocatedintheNortheast.TheyaretheoldestonesinAmericaaswell,knowninformallyastheIvyLeague.TheseincludeHarvard,Yale,Princeton,Brown,Columbia,Cornell,Dartmouth,andUniversityofPennsylvania,