2022-2023年黑龙江省鸡西市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)

2022-2023年黑龙江省鸡西市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Weneedtoeatmorefat,becauseagramoffatcontainsmorecaloriesthanagramofprotein.

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2.

Bennerandhisteamhypothesizedthatduplicationoftheancestralgeneoccurrednearthetime______.

3.

Dietandphysicalqualitieswhichpasseddownfromourparentsaffect______anaturalsubstanceintheliverblood.

4.

Parentsshouldaskfatchildrentoeatfoodsrichin______insteadoffatteningfoods.

5.

The5-paragraphessayisregardedbytheauthoras______.

A.inadequatewriting

B.asimplemodelofwriting

C.themostconvenientwayofwriting

D.themostbasicwritingskill

6.

Manysocialconsequencesbroughtforthbyelectronicproximityinclude______.

7.

Childrencanreceive______fromtheoldmenwhenbroughtwaterfromwellsinthedesert.

8.

ThemainproposeofPara.2istoemphasizehowquickly______isrising.

9.

Bythe17thcenturyafewpubliclibrarieshad________.

10.

Thereisnodoubtthatenvironmentalregulation______.

A.iscumbersome

B.producesaneffect

C.varieswildly

D.needstobestreamlined

11.ClimateChange

Climatechangeiswithus.Adecadeago,itwasconjecture.Nowthefutureisunfoldingbeforeoureyes.Canada'sInuitseeitindisappearingArcticiceandpermafrost(永久冻结带).TheshantytowndwellersofLatinAmericaandSouthernAsiaseeitinlethalstormsandfloods.Europeansseeitindisappearingglaciers,forestfiresandfatalheatwaves.

Scientistsseeitintreerings,ancientcoralandbubblestrappedinicecores.Theserevealthattheworldhasnotbeenaswarmasitisnowforamillenniumormore.Thethreewarmestyearsonrecordhavealloccurredsince1998319ofthewarmest20since1980.AndEarthhasprobablyneverwarmedasfastasinthepast30yearsaperiodwhennaturalinfluencesonglobaltemperatures,suchassolarcyclesandvolcanoesshouldhavecooledusdown.

ClimatologistsreportingfortheUNIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)sayweareseeingglobalwarmingcausedbyhumanactivities.Thefellingdownoftreesthatlargelydecreasethephotosynthesis(光合作用)toabsorbCO2andtheburningofcoal,oilandnaturalgasthatgivesoutgreatamountofCO2intheairallresultintheincreasingoftemperatures.

GlobalGreenhouse

Peoplearecausingthechangebyburningnature'svaststoreofcoal,oilandnaturalgas.Thisreleasesbillionsoftonsofcarbondioxide(CO2)everyyear,althoughthechangesmayactuallyhavestartedwiththedawnofagriculture,saysomescientists.

Thephysicsofthe"greenhouseeffect"hasbeenamatterofacientificfactforacentury.CO2isagreenhousegasthattrapsthesun'sradiationwithinthetroposphere(对流屋),theloweratmosphere.Ithasaccumulatedalongwithotherman-madegreenhousegases,suchasmethane(沼气)andchlorfiuorocarbons(CFCs)(碳氟化合物).Somestudiessuggestthatcosmicraysmayalsobeinvolvedinwarming.

Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,wewillraiseatmosphericCO2concentrationstodoublepre-industriallevelsduringthiscentury.Thatwillprobablybeenoughtoraiseglobaltemperaturesbyaround2℃to5℃.Andthetrendisstillgoingon.Somewarmingiscertain,butthedegreewillbedeterminedbycyclesinvolvingmeltingice,theoceans,watervapor,cloudsandchangestovegetationandplants.

Warmingisbringingotherunpredictablechanges.Meltingglaciersandprecipitationarecausingsomeriverstooverflow,whileevaporationisemptyingothers.Diseasesarespreading,especiallyintropicalareas.Somecropsgrowfasterthanbeforewhileothersseeyieldsslashedgreatlybydiseaseanddrought.Clashesoverdwindlingwaterresourcesmaycauseconflictsinmanyregions.

Asnaturalecosystems—suchascoralreefs—aredisrupted,biodiversityisreduced.Mostspeciescannotmigratefastenoughtokeepup,thoughothersarealreadyevolvinginresponsestowarming.Thishasresultedtotheextinction(orcloseextinction)ofsomespeciesandputalotofspeciesindanger.Inaddition,forthosewhohaveadaptedtothenewenvironment,theamountofthespeciesisincreasingingreatdeal.

Thermalexpansionoftheoceans,combinedwithmeltingiceonland,isalsoraisingsealevels.Inthiscentury,humanactivitycouldtriggeranirreversiblemeltingoftheGreenlandicesheet.Thiswouldcondemntheworldtoariseinsealevelofsixmeters—enoughtofloodlandoccupiedbybillionsofpeople.Andthisisonefearthatalmostallscientistsholdinheart.

Theglobalwarmingwouldbemorepronouncedifitwerenotforsulphurparticlesandotherpollutantsthatshadeus,andbecauseforestsandoceansabsorbaroundhalfoftheCO2weproduce.ButtheaccumulationrateofatmosphericCO2hasdoubledsince2001,suggestingthatnature'sabilitytoabsorbthegascouldnowbestretchedtothelimit.Recentresearchsuggeststhatnatura

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12.

Need-blindadmissionpolicymeanscollegesdecidewhethertomakeanofferofadmissionwithout______.

13.

After32daysoftrial,the50blacksailorsweresentenced______.

14.

Whenyouexperienceandobserveyourinflectionpoint,youshouldstopyourcareeratonce.

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15.HowdidYouTuberespondtoViacom'sdemandtoremovesomeclipsfromitswebsite?

A.Itremovedthecopyright-infringingclipsfromitswebsite.

B.ItstartednegotiationswithViacomtousetheclipslegally.

C.ItlimiteditscontentsourcetoNBCandCBS'swebsites.

D.ItagreedtoshareitsadvertisingrevenueswithViacom.

16.AccordingtoRubin,theeffectofAuto-Tuneonsingersmaybe______.

A.positiveB.negativeC.exaggeratedD.underestimated

17.Employeeswithoutchildrenareputatadisadvantagebecausetheyalwayshaveto______forco-workershavingkidstolookafter.

18.TheVirtualShoppingMall

Peoplebuythings,items,fordifferentreasons.Theybuytheproductsbecausetheyneedthemorjustbecausetheywantthem.Peoplegoshopping:theylookaroundatdifferentstorestofindgooddeals.They"comparison-shop."Inotherwords,theylookatthesameproductinseveralstoresorfromseveralmanufacturers.Thentheychoosetopurchasethebestproductsforthemselves—theirfavoriteonesortheoneswiththelowestprices.However,manypeopleshopbecausetheyenjoyshopping.Theyliketowalkthroughstoreslookingatproducts.Theythinkabouttheproducts,andsometimestheybuythem.Todayshoppershavemanywaysthattheycangoshopping.

Peopleusedtogotothelocalmarkettodotheirshopping.Theywentfromstoretostoretofindtheproductsthattheywantedorneeded.Atthemeatmarket,customersboughtmeat,andatthebakery,theypurchasedbread.Atthedepartmentstore,consumerslookedattheattractive'displaysinthewindowsandontheracks.TheyboughttelevisionsetsandVCRsattheappliancestore.Shopperswentfromstoretostorecomparingtheproductsandtheprices.Thentheymadetheirdecisions,andtheyboughtitems.Theyshoppedforotherproductsinotherstores,suchasgrocerystores,pharmacies,hardwarestores,orflowershops.Theownersofthestoresadvertisedtheirproductstocompeteforbusiness.Insmalltowns,shoppersmaystillshopthisway.

Now,however,shoppershaveseveralchoiceswhentheywanttopurchaseproducts.Theymaygototheshoppingmall,wheretherearemanystoresinthesameplaceunderthesameroof.Theycanparktheircarsinthelargeparkinglotanddoalltheirshoppinginonestop.Also,theyprobablystudynewspaperadvertisementsinthemorningbeforetheygotothemall.Theadsinform.themaboutspecialsales,orbargains.Inthenewspaper,sometimestheseshoppersfinddiscountcouponsforspecialsales.Theyarereadytomakerationaldecisionsabouttheirpurchases.Theshoppingmallisveryconvenientformanypeople.Ontheotherhand,otherconsumersshopbymail.Theygetcatalogsandadvertisingflyersfrommanufacturersintheirmailboxes.Athome,theylookatthedisplaysofitemsonthepagesinthecatalogs.Thecatalogsshowcolorfulpicturesoftheproducts.Therearealsowrittendescriptionsoftheitems.Thesedescriptionstellthebuyeraboutthematerialsintheproduct,thesizes,thecolors,andtheprices.Theconsumersanalyzetheproductsandmakedecisions.Thentheymailtheirorderstothemanufacturer,ortheyusethetelephonetoplacetheirorders.Shoppingbycatalogisanotherconvenientwayfortheconsumertogoshopping.

Moderntechnologyhasaddedotherwaysforpeopletoshop.Shopperscannowshopforproductsandservicesfromtheirhomes.Ontheirtelevisionsets,viewerscanchooseashoppingchannel.ThesechannelsarelikecatalogsonTV.Forexample,shoppersseemodelswearingtheclothesorjewelry.Theycanwatchasalespersondemonstrateavideocamera.Ortheycanseeasalespersoncookamealonaspecialkindofkitchenappliance.Theproductsseemtocomealiveandbereal,notjustpicturesonapageinacatalog.Itiseasytopurchasetheitems.Thebuyersordertheitemsbycallinganumberonthetelephoneandgivingtheircreditcardnumbers.Sometimesthebuyercanpayfortheiteminseveralinstallments.Thebusinesssendstheproducttotheconsumerthroughthemail.Manybuyersarevulnerablebecauseitissoeasytoshopthisway.Theyusetheircreditcardsquickly,andsoontheyhavelargebillstopay.

Anotherwayshoppersusetechnologyisontheircomputers.Theyuseecommerce.Usingacomputer,theyshopforproductsandservicesacrossthecountryandaroundtheworld.Peopleusecomputerstohelpthemkeeptrackoftheirmoney.Forexample,theydotheirbankingan

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19.AlargesumofmoneymustbespentonLyubomirsky'sresearchbecauseitneedstotracealotofpeople______.

20.WhatdoesthechairmanofVodafoneJohnBondthinkofbanks?

A.Theycanhardlygetprofitoutofsmallpayments.

B.Theymaydisappearinthenearfuturejustlikecash.

C.TheyhavegreatlychangedvillagelifeinAfrica.

D.Theyholdaprimaryroleinthemoney-transferbusiness.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.

【B6】

22.(16)

A.JasonBecketisnotinconditionrecently.

B.HismusicinfluencedjasonBeckergreatly.

C.JasonBecket'smusicisoftensaddening.

D.JasonBeckerhasreleasedanewalbumcalledEarth.

23.(35)

A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Opposing.D.Neutral.

24.

【B8】

25.(36)

A.Itismostprobablytherightjobforyou,soholdit.

B.Itismostprobablyatrainingjob,sofeelfreetogiveitupforanotherone.

C.Itisnotyourfinaljob,sochangejobsasoftenaspossible.

D.Itisagoodtestaboutyourabilitytokeepajob.

26.听力原文：BuriedtreasureisscatteredovereverypartoftheUnitedStates.Whydon'tpeoplefindit?Asamatteroffact,agreatdealofburiedtreasureisfoundmuchmorethanweeverhearabout,peoplewhofindtreasurehaveahabitofkeepingittothemselves.Eithertheyareafraidthatothersmightclaimit,ortheywanttoavoidpayingtaxesonit.Thereareperhapsadozenunreportedtreasurefindsforeachonereported.

FloridahasprobablyyieldedmoreburiedtreasurethananyotherpartoftheUnitedStates.TheGulfofMexicousedtobeinfestedwithpiratesattackingSpanishships.Oftentheywereunabletodisposeoftheirgoodsimmediately.Theypackeditinlargeboxesorsacksandburieditinsecrethidingplacesontheshore.Oftentheydrewamapoftheareasothattheycouldcomebacklaterandknowwheretodig.

(33)

A.Treasurehuntersdon'treporttheirfindstoavoidpayingtaxesonit.

B.Thosewhofindtreasureusuallykeepittothemselvesforfearthatothersmightclaimit.

C.Thepolicedon'tbotheraboutkeepingarecord.

D.BothAandB

27.

【B5】

28.(15)

A.Shemadeareservationforthe9:00flight.

B.Shechangedthereservation.

C.Shefoundtheywerelateforthe8:00flight.

D.Shemisunderstoodtheman.

29.【B9】

30.听力原文：M:HowdidyoulikeourAmericanHistoryclassyesterday?

W:WellIdidenjoyit,butIdidn'texactlybuyeverythingBarnumsaideither.

M:Youmeanhisviewthattheearlyframersoftheconstitutionreallydidn’twantdemocracyasweknowittoday?

W:Well,"asweknowittoday"Icanaccept.Butwhenhestatesthattherewasnoaffinitytowardsdemocracyasitwasunderstandthenwell..,tomethisjustsoundslikehistoricalrevisionism.

M:Well,surelyyouhavetoadmitthattheirconceptofdemocracywasnot"democratic".Afterall,manygroupsincludingthosewithoutland,women,blacksandmanyotherswereshutoutofparticipatinginthenewsystem.

W:Yes,butwhenwelookatwhatwecalldemocracytoday,therearestillgroupsshutoutofbeingabletovoteinAmerica,suchaschildrenandconvictedpeople.Also,Ithinkitisfairtosaythatmanygroupsfinditstillverydifficulttoparticipate.Sowedon'thavecompletedemocracyeventoday.

M:Yes,butIthinkheisbasinghisargumentsonthefactualtranscriptsoftheearlyFoundingFathersrealizingthattheydidn'tliketousetheterm"democracy"andsomeevenheapedscornonit.

W:Perhapsitwasjustthatthetermhadadifferentmeaningfromthewayitisusedtoday.

M:ButIthinkitisfairtosaythatdemocracywasn'texactlyinfashion.Andperhapsitisworthwhiletodrawadistinctionbetweenlibertyanddemocracy,sincetherelationshipbetweenthetwoissomewhatblurry.

W:ButifyouaretosaythatAmericawasnotademocracyinthebeginningthenyoumightaswellsayitisnotonetodayeitherbecausethestructuresoffederalism,3branchgovernmentandchecksandbalancesarebasicallythesameasitwasover200yearsago.

M:Youhaveapointthere,mostoftheconstitutionremainsintact,anddespitethefactthatAmericaismuchclosertoatruedemocracythanitwaseven50yearsago,it'sstillafairwayfrombeingideal.

W:Rightandifyouapplythedemocracytoanidealyouwillgetnowhere.IwishBarnumwaslls~ningtousrightnow.

M:Well,here'syourchancetochallengehimrightnow.Iseehimcomingourway.

W:Areyoujoking?IstillneedtogetadecentmarkinthiscourseandI'mnotdoingitbymakinghimangry.

(23)

A.Shelovedit.

B.Shedisagreedwithtoomuchofittoenjoy.

C.Shethoughtitwasjustso.

D.ShelikedtheclassbutdisagreedwiththeProfessor.

31.(24)

A.Watchherpartnerplayingcards.

B.Playcardsincooperationwithherpartner.

C.Quitthegameandgoaway.

D.Teachthemanhowtoplaybridge.

32.(22)

A.Hespendsmuchschooltimeplayingcomputergames.

B.Heoftendozesoffinclass.

C.Hedoesn'ttaketheassignmentsseriously.

D.Heplayscomputergamesbecausethetextbooksaredullandlecturesareboring.

33.听力原文：W:IhopeyoulikethefictionIlentyou.Iwasn'tsurewhetheritwasthekindofbookyouwouldbeinterestedin.

M:Yonknow,Ihadthesamedoubtatfirst.ButonceIstartedIsimplycouldn'tputitdown.

Whatdoesthemanmean?

(16)

A.Heforgotwherehehadputthebook.

B.Hedoubtedwhetherhewouldfinishreadingthebook.

C.Hefoundthebooktoosimple.

D.Hewasfascinatedbythebook

34.(30)

A.CocaCola.B.Sausage.C.Milk.D.Friedchicken.

35.听力原文：M:Hey,therewillbeaprogramonChannel4ateight.Youmightlike.It'saboutcat.

W:Ihaven'theardaboutit.Butyouareright,Iaminterestedinit.

Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?

(18)

A.CalltheTVstation.

B.Lookforcatswiththeman.

C.Meetthemanatthecatexhibit.

D.WatchtheprogramonTV.

36.(31)

A.Hemustbeaverystrongman.

B.Heorshemusthavetechnicalknowledge.

C.HeorshebeabletoreadandspeakEnglish

D.Heorshebeaverywealthybusinessperson.

37.(37)

A.TohonorSwissheroeswhodiedinthewar.

B.ToshowSwitzerlandwasneutral.

C.TopaytributetoSwitzerland.

D.ToshowgratitudetotheSwissgovernmentforitsfinancialsupport.

38.听力原文：M:IwassurprisedtoseeEdinthejobcentertoday.Doyouthinkhe'sunhappyoveradmissions?He'saboutthebestworkertheyhaveoverthere.

W:Iknow,butIhearthathisboss'sneversaidathingtohimtoacknowledgethat.Andhowwouldyoufeelifyou'dbeentherefiveyearsandstillhadthesamesalary?

Q:WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutEd'sformerboss?

(19)

A.Thebosswasveryconsideratetohisworkers.

B.Edwasn'tasgoodaworkerasthebossthought.

C.ThebosshadplannedtogiveEdaraiseinsalary.

D.Thebosshasneverconsideredraisingtheworkerssalary.

39.(17)

A.Theyhadbetterfinishtheprojectassoonaspossible.

B.Theyhadbettertrytheirlucktofinishtheproject.

C.Theyaresoluckytohavetheprojectbeingputoff.

D.Theyhadbetterhavearisktoextendtheproject.

40.

【B3】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Theresultoftheresearchforaneasilydigestiblefatturnedouttobe______.

A.commerciallyuseless

B.justasanticipated

C.somewhatcontroversial

D.quiteunexpected

42.Thepowerofvideoconferencingliesinthatitcan______.

A.enhancethecommunication

B.increaseproductivity

C.understandtherealmeaningoftheotherparty

D.alloftheabove

43.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

BecauseSouthAfricansaregenerallysobubbly(热情奔放的)andtalkative,silencesaysalot.Theyarepoliteaswellandifyouare【C1】______them,they,unliketheAmericanstheyadmire,willsufferthroughinsilence.Whenthequestionsstop,considerittimetogo—you'velostyouraudience.SouthAfricansoftenusehandgesturesinconversationbutitis【C2】______andseenasapersonalchallengetopointatsomeonewithyourindexfinger(食指)wagging(摇动).TheamountofhandmovementsaSouthAfrican【C3】______whiletalkingisagoodindicatorofthedegreeof【C4】______thatindividualhasforaparticulartopicorproposal.Itisalsoconsideredrudetotalkwithyour【C5】______inyourpockets.

SouthAfricansusefacialexpressionstosignaltheirinterestorreactionstoaspeaker.Itisahighlydevelopedform.ofcommunicationandagoodindicatorofwhetherornotyouarehittingthemark.AtameetingSouthAfricanswill【C6】______glancesatoneanotheroratthebosstojudgeareaction.【C7】______somuchbusinessisdoneontrust,eyecontactis【C8】______,especiallyinthewhitecommunity.BlackAfricanbusinessmenseemlesshunguponthatandaremoreinto【C9】______contact.Awarmhandshakefollowedbyanarm【C10】______theshouldermeansyouhadasuccessfulmeeting.

A.impoliteB.boring

C.passionD.hands

E.physicalF.around

G.generatesH.steal

I.BecauseJ.essential

K.reputationL.happens

M.penetrateN.mental

O.passive

【C1】

44.AccordingtoPara.2whichofthefollowingisanaspectdirectlyinfluencedbyGriffith'sfilminnovations?

A.Camerawork.

B.Filmediting.

C.Rangeandtreatmentofsubjects.

D.Musiccomposing.

45.

Bysaying"WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen"(Linel,Para.4)theauthormeansthat______.

A.withMarstherisksinvolvedaremuchgreaterthananypreviousspaceventures

B.inthecaseofMars,therewardsofscientificexplorationcanbeveryhigh

C.inthecaseofMars,muchmoreresearchfundsareneededthaneverbefore

D.withMars,scientistsargue,thefundamentalinterestsofscienceareatissue

46.

Wordsofpraisekeepchangingbecause______.

A.theylosetheirfreshness

B.therearemorewordsavailableinthisarea

C.youngpeoplearebecomingmorediscriminating

D.olderpeopletrytoavoidthein-wordsoftheyoung

47.

Whenyouenterthebookshoptofindabook,youwill______.

A.becomecompletelyabsorbedinthebookswithoutrealizingwhereyouare

B.becomecompletelylostwithoutanyknowledgeofyourwhereabouts

C.becomecompletelyunconsciousinthebookshop

D.loseanysenseofdirectionastowhereyouare

48.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

MuchofCanada'sforestryproductiongoestowardsmakingpulpandpaper.AccordingtotheCanadianPulpandPaperAssociation,Canadasupplies34%oftheworld'swoodpulpand49%ofitsnewsprintpaper.Ifthesepaperproductscouldbeproducedinsomeotherway,Canadianforestscouldbepreserved.Recently,apossiblealternativewayofproducingpaperhasbeensuggestedbyagriculturalistsandenvironmentalists:aplantcalledhemp.

Hemphasbeencultivatedbymanyculturesforthousandsofyears.Itproducesfibrewhichcanbemadeintopaper,fuel,oils,textiles,food,andrope.Forcenturies,itwasessentialtotheeconomiesofmanycountriesbecauseitwasusedtomaketheropesandcablesusedonsailingships;colonialexpansionandtheestablishmentofaworld-widetradingnetworkwouldnothavebeenfeasiblewithouthemp.Nowadays,ships'cablesareusuallymadefromwireorsyntheticfibres,butscientistsarenowsuggestingthatthecultivationofhempshouldberevivedfortheproductionofpaperandpulp.Accordingtoitsproponents,fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghempratherthantrees,andmanyenvironmentalistsbelievethatthelarge-scalecultivationofhempcouldreducethepressureonCanada'sforests.

However,thereisaproblem:hempisillegalinmanycountriesoftheworld.Thisplant,sousefulforfibre,rope,oil,fuelandtextiles,isaspeciesofcannabis,relatedtotheplantfromWhichmarijuanaisproduced.Inthelate1930s,amovementtobanthedrugmarijuanabegantogatherforce,resultingintheeventualbanningofthecultivationnotonlyoftheplantusedtoproducethedrug,butalsoofthecommercialfibre-producinghempplant.Infact,marijuanacannot,beproducedfromthehempplant,sinceitcontainsalmostnoTHC(theactiveingredientinthedrug).

Inrecentyears,amovementforlegalizationhavebeengatheringstrength.Itisconcernedonlywiththehempplantusedtoproducefibre;thisgroupwantstomakeitlegaltocultivatetheplantandsellthefibreforpaperandpulpproduction.

WhyispulpandpaperproductionimportanttoCanada?

A.Canadaneedstofindawaytouseallitssparewood.

B.Canadapublishesalotofnewspapersandbooks.

C.PulpandpaperexportisamajorsourceofincomeforCanada.

D.HempisatraditionalplantofCanada.

49.

【C9】

50.Whenlookingforasubject,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantaspect?

A.Oneshouldchooseasubjectheknowsquitewell.

B.Oneshouldwriteaboutsomethingreadersdon'tknow.

C.Oneshouldlimithiswritingtoaspecificsubject.

D.Oneshouldchooseaninterestingsubject.

51.

Itistreeaboutthemediamentionedinthepassagethatthey______.

A.usedtosellandbuyeachotheringreatnumbers

B.aretradingeachotheringreaternumberstoday

C.usedtobecontrolledbytwonetworks--ABCandNBC

D.havestoppedthetrendofacquisitionsinthe1990s

52.

Whyhasacademicworkbecomemorespecialised?

53.

Thephrase"scaledown"inPara.3probablymeansto______.

54.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Thefirsttwostagesinthedevelopmentofcivilizedmanwereprobablytheinventionofprimitiveweaponsandthediscoveryoffire,althoughnobodyknowsexactlywhenheacquiredtheuseofthelatter.

Theoriginoflanguageisalsoobscure.Nodoubtitbeganverygradually.Animalshaveafewcriesthatserveassignals,buteventhehighestapeshavenotbeenfoundabletopronouncewords,evenwiththemostintensiveprofessionalinstruction.Thesuperiorbrainofmanisapparentlyanecessityforthemasteringofspeech.Whenmanbecamesufficientlyintelligent,wemustsupposethathegraduallyincreasedthenumberofcriesfordifferentpurposes.Itwasagreatdaywhenhediscoveredthatspeechcouldbeusedfornarrative.Therearethosewhothinkinthisrespectpicturelanguageprecededorallanguage.Amancoulddrawapictureonthewallofhiscavetosh6winwhichdirectionhehadgone,orwhatpreyhehopedtocatch.Probablypicturelanguageandorallanguagedevelopedsidebyside.Iaminclinedtothinkthatlanguagehasbeenthemostimportantsinglefactorinthedevelopmentofman.

Twoimportantstagescamenotsolongbeforethedawnofwrittenhistory.Thefirstwasthedomesticationofanimals;thesecondwasagriculture.Agriculturewasastepinhumanprogresstowhichsubsequentlytherewasnothingcomparableuntilourownmachineage.Agriculturemadepossibleanimmenseincreaseinthenumberofthehumanspeciesintheregionswhereitcouldbesuccessfullypracticed.Thesewere,atfirst,onlythoseinwhichnaturefertilizedthesoilaftereachharvest.Agriculturemetwithviolentresistancefromthepastoralnomads(游牧民族),buttheagriculturalwayoflifeprevailedintheendbecauseofthephysicalcomfortsitprovided.

Anotherfundamentaltechnicaladvancewaswriting,which,likespokenlanguage,developedoutofpictures,butassoonasithadreachedacertainstage,itwaspossibletokeeprecordsandtransmitinformationtopeoplewhowerenotpresentwhentheinformationwasgiven.

Theseinventionsanddiscoveries—fire,speech,weapons,domesticanimals,agriculture,andwriting—madetheexistenceofcivilizedcommunitiespossible.Fromabout3000B.C.untilthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionlessthantwohundredyearsagotherewasnotechnicaladvancecomparabletothese.Duringthislongperiodmanhadtimetobecomeaccustomedtohistechnique,andtodevelopthebeliefsandpoliticalorganizationsappropriatetoit.Therewas,ofcourse,animmenseextensionintheareaofcivilizedlife.AtfirstithadbeenconfinedtotheNile,theEuphrates,theTigrisandtheIndus,butattheendoftheperiodinquestionitcoveredmuchthegreaterpartoftheinhabitableglobe.Idonotmeantosuggestthattherewasnotechnicalprogressduringthislongti