2019版高考英语二轮复习浙江专版检测：专题一阅读理解含解析

［高考真题感悟］感悟高考真谛，内化命题规律

阅读理解真题检测（一）2018年6月浙江高考

A

In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.

Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinson

Crusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteampoweredprinting

presswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（识字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Many

worksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike"Bya

lady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.

In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterand

publisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovels

andtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheld

upasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthe

pantheon（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvre

sellingofftheMonaLisa.

HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literature

isanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novels

werepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901；todayacasualreadermightbe

abletonameahalfdozenofthem.lt'§partlytruethatDickens'styleofwritingattracted

audiencesfromallwalksoflife.It'spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,political

andscientificprogress.Butit'salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimself

atthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmade

Dickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,it

ispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfa

lastingone.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国著名作家查尔斯•狄更斯及其作品是如何奠

定他在英国文学中的地位的。

21.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?

A.Theyweredifficulttounderstand.

B.Theywerepopularamongtherich.

C.Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.

D.Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.

解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段内容尤其是最后一句"Novels,forthemostpart,

werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad."可知，那时印刷技术落后,人们识字率

低，很多作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的、有悖道德的或糟糕透顶的。故选C

项。

22.DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress.

A.hisreputationinFrance

B.hisinterestinmodernart

C.hissuccessinpublication

D.hisimportanceinliterature

解析：选D推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句"Removinghimfromthepantheon（名

人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingoffthe

MonaLisa：9可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉

一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性，由此可推知D项正确。

23.Whatistheauthor,spurposeinwritingthetext?

A,Torememberagreatwriter.

B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.

C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.

D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.

解析：选A写作意图题。根据文中对查尔斯•狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性

的介绍，和文章最后一句可知，本文写于查尔斯•狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者

写本文是为了纪念查尔斯•狄更斯这位伟大的作家。

B

StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyou

considerthathe'sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,including

thingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.Whatisevenmoreinteresting

isthatoneofStein,sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.

Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendup

intreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthemat

checkouts（收银台）.Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCaliforniayincludingLos

Angeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plasticbagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteinto

makethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.

Amongthebagmakers'arguments：manycitieswithbansstillallowshoppersto

purchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceand

transport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageof

allgarbageonthegroundtoday.

Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement：

reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic

baguseitcancelsout.However,longerlastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergy

tomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfor

theplanetthanplastic.

Environmentalistsdon'tdispute（质疑）thesepoints.Theyhopepaperhagswillbe

bannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋造成了环境问

题，尽管纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源；环保专家认为塑料袋和纸袋都不

要用，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。

24.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?

A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.

B.Recyclethewastematerial.

C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.

D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.

解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句"plasticbagmakersarehiring

scientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmost

peopleassumew可知，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像StevenStein这样的科学家来说明他们的产

品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有坏处，故选D项。

25.Whatdoestheword^headwinds"inparagraph2referto?

A.Bansonplasticbags.

B・Effectsofcitydevelopment.

C.Headachescausedbygarbage.

D.Plasticbagshungintrees.

解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“these”可知，此处指代上一句内容“Thebags

areprohibitedinsome90citiesin即在大约90个城市都禁止使用塑料袋，由此可知，A

项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。

26.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplasticbagmakers?

A.Theyarequiteexpensive.

B.ReplacingthemcanbedifHcult.

C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.

D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.

解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句However,longerlastingreusable

bagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.”可知，生产这种耐用且能重复使用的购物袋需要

更多的能源，故选D项。

27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Plastic,PaperorNeither

B.Industry,PollutionandEnvironment

C.RecycleorThrowAway

D.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl

解析：选A标题归纳题。本文主要叙述了三方面的内容：塑料购物袋产生“白色垃

圾”；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策——用可重复使用的购物袋；环保专家希望塑料袋和

纸袋都不用。故A项“塑料袋、纸袋或者两者都不用”可作为文章的最佳标题。

C

Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltat

thePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline（装配

线）onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.Buteventually

HenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.

ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.Thecarshapedsomeofthe

mostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,even

thehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobe

American—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,

thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever

endinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.

In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarin

everygarage."Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecar

transformedAmericafromafarmbasedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.

ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecological

disaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.

Theproblemsofexcessive（过度的）energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulation

growthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefears

theworst,buthopesforthebest.

Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（经济）isachancetokeepAmerican

strength."Theabilitytodesign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingclean

water,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthe

newcentury.w

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国经典的“汽车文化”，它对美国各方面的

影响是巨大而深远的。汽车给美国人民带来了便利，把美国从一个以农业为主的国家变成

一个工业大国，汽车成为美国社会的一个文化符号。但与此同时，汽车也带来了很多问题，

例如能源的过度消耗、气候变化以及污染等。

28.Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2?

A.ToexplainAmericans'lovefortravellingbycan

B.ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.

C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.

D.TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica,sroadsystem.

解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Thecarshapedsomeofthemostlasting

aspectsofAmericanculture...eventhehamburger.”可知，汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文

化，其中就包括汉堡。由此可知，汽车对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。所以，在

第二段中提及汉堡，就是为了展现汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响。故选B项。

29.WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?

A.Declineofeconomy.

B.Environmentalproblems.

C.Ashortageofoilsupply.

D.Afarmbasedsociety.

解析：选B细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDream

havehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.“可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的

生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。故选B项。

30.WhatisFriedman'sattitudetowardsAmericasfuture?

A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.

C.Hopeful.D.Tolerant.

解析：选C观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句"Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreen

economy（经济）isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是

使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。

阅读理解真题检测（二）2017年11月浙江高考

A

WhenIwasinfourthgrade,Iworkedpart-timeasapaperboy.Mrs.Stanleywasoneof

mycustomers.She,dwatchmecoiningdownherstreet,andbythetimeVdbikeduptoher

doorstep,theredbeacolddrinkwaiting.I'dsitanddrinkwhileshetalked.

Mrs.Stanleytalkedmostlyaboutherdeadhusband,"Mr・StanleyandI

wentshoppingthismorning,"she'dsay.Thefirsttimeshesaidthat,soda（汽水）wentup

mynose.

ItoldmyfatherhowMrs.StanleytalkedasifMr.Stanleywerestillalive.Dadsaidshe

wasprobablylonely,andthatIoughttositandlistenandnodmyheadandsmile,and

maybeshe'dwvrKit°u[ofhersystem.Sothat'swhatIdid,anditturnedoutDadwas

right.Afterawhilesheseemedcontenttoleaveherhusbandoveratthecemetery（墓地）.

Ifinallyquitdeliveringnewspapersanddidn,tseeMrs.Stanleyforseveral

years.Thenwecrossedpathsatachurchfund-raiser（募捐活动）.Shewasspooning

mashedpotatoesandlookinghappy.Fouryearsbefore,she,dhadtoofferherpaperboya

drinktohavesomeonetotalkwith.Nowshehadfriends.Herhusbandwasgone,butlife

wenton.

Iliveinthecitynow,andmypaperboyisaladynamedEdnawiththreekids.Sheasks

mehowI'mdoing.WhenIdon,tsay“fibne,“shesticksaroundtohearmyproblems.

She'slivedinthecitymostofherlife,butsheknowsaboutcommunity.Communityisn'tso

muchaplaceasitisastateofmind.Youfinditwheneverpeopleaskhowyou'redoing

becausetheycare,andnotbecausethey'regettingpaidtodoso.Sometimesit'sgoodto

justsmile,nodyourheadandlisten.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者小时候作为报童倾听别人的诉说，而现在作者

也会向送报纸的人诉说自己的经历，并感慨在我们的社会中，人与人之间需要互相关爱。

21.Whydidsodagouptheauthorsnoseonetime?

A.Hewastalkingfast.B.Hewasshocked.

C.Hewasinahurry.D.Hewasabsent-minded.

解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“herdeadhusband”可知，Stanley先生已经

去世了，可是Stanley太太却说：“Stanley先生和我今天早上去购物了。”由此可推断出，

Stanley太太的话使“我”很震惊。再结合第三段父亲向“我”解释原因的内容也可以推知

当时“我”是很震惊并迷惑不解的，所以选B项。

22.WhydidtheauthorsitandlistentoMrs.StanleyaccordingtoParagraph3?

A.Heenjoyedthedrink.

B.Hewantedtobehelpful.

C.Hetookthechancetorest.

D.Hetriedtopleasehisdad.

解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，“我”不理解为什么Stanley太太谈

论Stanley先生时仿佛他还在世。“我”向父亲说了这件事并听从父亲的建议，静静地坐着

倾听Stanley太太的诉说，“我”希望这对她有帮助。

23.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“workitoutofher

system”?

A.recoverfromhersadness

B.moveoutoftheneighborhood

C.turntoheroldfriends

D.speakoutaboutherpast

解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第二至三段内容可知，Stanley太太刚开始无法接受丈

夫去世的事实，常常向“我”倾诉她去世的丈夫的事，后来“我”接受了父亲的建议，静

静地倾听她的诉说。结合第三段最后一句"Afterawhilesheseemedcontenttoleaveher

husbandoveratthecemetery（墓地）.”可知，不久之后，她慢慢地接受了丈夫去世的事实，

从悲伤中恢复过来。

24.Whatdoestheauthorthinkpeopleinacommunityshoulddo?

A.Openuptoothers.

B.Dependoneachother.

C.Payforothers'help.

D.Careaboutoneanother.

解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段内容尤其是“Youfinditwheneverpeopleask

howyou'redoingbecausetheycare,andnotbecausethey'regettingpaidtodo

so.Sometimesit,sgoodtojustsmile,nodyourheadandlisten.”可推知，在我们的社会中，

人与人之间需要互相关爱，哪怕有时候仅仅是微笑、点头和倾听，都能够给别人以关心，

由此选D项。

B

It'ssurprisinghowmuchsimplemovementsofthebodycanaffectthewaywethink.

Usingexpansivegestureswithopenarmsmakesusfeelmorepowerful,crossingyourarms

makesyoumoredeterminedandlyingdowncanbringmoreinsights（领悟）.

Soifmovingthebodycanhavetheseeffects,whatabouttheclotheswewear?We'reall

wellawareofhowdressingupindifferentwayscanmakeusfeelmoreattractive,sportyor

professional,dependingontheclotheswewear,butcantheclothesactuallychangecognitive

（认知的）performanceorisitjustafeeling?

AdamandGalinskytestedtheeffectofsimplywearingawhitelabcoatonpeople's

powersofattention.Theideaisthatwhitecoatsareassociatedwithscientists,whoarein

turnthoughttohavecloseattentiontodetail.

Whattheyfoundwasthatpeoplewearingwhitecoatsperformedbetterthanthosewho

weren,t.Indeed,theymadeonlyhalfasmanyerrorsasthosewearingtheirownclotheson

theStroopTest(onewayofmeasuringattention).Theresearcherscalltheeffect

wenclothedcognition”，suggestingthatallmannerofdifferentclothesprobablyaffectour

cognitioninmanydifferentways.

Thisopensthewayforallsortsofclothes-basedexperiments.Isthe

writerwhowearsafedoramorecreative?Isthepsychologistwearinglittleroundglasses

andsmokingacigarmoreinsightful?Doesachef'shatmaketheresultantfoodtastebetter?

FromnowonIwillonlybeeditingarticlesforPsyBlogwhilewearingawhitecoatto

helpkeepthetypingerrorcountlow.Hopefullyyouwillbedoingyourpartbyreading

PsyBloginacapandgown(学位服).

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了“具衣认知”理论，该理论认为人们的衣着会

影响人们的认知表现。

25.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Bodymovementschangethewaypeoplethink.

B.Howpeopledresshasaninfluenceontheirfeelings.

C.Whatpeoplewearcanaffecttheircognitiveperformance.

D.Peop加doingdifferentjobsshouldweardifferentclothes.

解析：选C主旨大意题。根据文章第四段中的“Theresearcherscalltheeffect

Unclothedcognition,suggestingthatallmannerofdifferentclothesprobablyaffectour

cognitioninmanydifferentways.”并结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了人们的衣着能够影响

人们的认知表现，故C项能概括全文主旨。

26.AdamandGalinsky,sexperimenttestedtheeffectofclothesontheirwearers'

A.insightsB.movements

C.attentionD.appearance

解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段中的"AdamandGalinskytestedtheeffectof

simplywearingawhitelabcoatonpeoplespowersofattention.”可知，该实验主要测试

的是穿着白色的实验室衣服对人们的注意力的影响，由此可知选C项。

27.Howdoestheauthorsoundinthelastparagraph?

A.Academic.B.Humorous.

C.Formal.D.Hopeful.

解析：选B推理判断题。作者最后一段提到从现在开始他要穿着白外套来编辑文章，

以此来保持低的打字出错率，并希望读者穿着学位服阅读文章。因此，作者是在用幽默风

趣的语言来表达自己和读者在现实生活中如何运用“具衣认知”理论，故选B项。

C

Thereareenergysavingstobemadefromallrecyclablematerials,sometimeshuge

savings.Recyclingplasticsandaluminum,forinstance,usesonly5%to10%asmuch

energyasproducingnewplasticorsmelting（提炼）aluminum.

Longbeforemostofusevennoticedwhatwenowcall"theenvironment,“

BuckminsterFullersaid,aPollutionisnothingbuttheresources（资源）wearenot

harvesting.Weallowthemtobeleftaroundbecausewe'vebeenignorantoftheirvalue.w

Totakeoneexample,let'scomparethethrowawayeconomy（经济）witharecycling

economyaswefeedacatforlife.

Sayyourcatweighs5kgandeatsonecanoffoodeachday.Eachemptycanofitsfood

weighs40g.Inathrowawayeconomy,youwouldthrowaway5,475cansoverthecat's

15-yearlifetime.That's219kgofsteel—morethanafifthofatonandmorethan40times

thecat,sweight.

Inarecyclingeconomy,wewouldmakeonesetof100canstostartwith,thenreplace

themoverandoveragainwithrecycledcans.Sincealmost3%ofthemetalislostduring

reprocessing,we'dhavetomakeanextra10canseachyear.Butinall,only150canswill

beusedupoverthecat'slifetime—andwe'11stillhave100leftoverforthenextcat.

Insteadofusingup219kgofsteel,we'veusedonly6kg.Andbecausetheprocessof

recyclingsteelislesspollutingthanmakingnewsteel,we'vealsoachievedthefollowing

significantsavings:inenergyuse—47%to74%;inairpollution—85%;inwaterpollution

—35%;inwateruse—40%.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过循环利用养猫所使用的食物罐的例子，阐述

了如何循环利用可回收材料以达到节能的目的。

28.WhatdoesBuckminsterFullersayaboutpollution?

A.Itisbecomingmoreserious.

B・Itdestroystheenvironment.

C.Itbenefitstheeconomy.

D.Itistheresourcesyettobeused.

解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的Pollutionisnothingbuttheresources（资

源）wearenotharvesting.Weallowthemtobeleftaroundbecausewe'vebeenignorantof

theirvalue.w并结合全段内容可知，BuckminsterFuller认为所谓的污染物就是尚未利用的

资源，我们忽视了它们的价值，由此可知应选D项。

29.Howmanycanswillbeusedupinacat's15-yearlifetimeinarecyclingeconomy?

A.50.B.100.

C.150.D.250.

解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Butinall,only150canswillbeusedup

overthecat9slifetime”可知，通过循环利用，养一只猫15年只需要用掉150个食物罐，

故选C项。

30.Whatistheauthor,spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Topromotetheideaofrecycling.

B.Tointroduceanenvironmentalist.

C.Todiscussthecausesofpollution.

D.Todefendthethrowawayeconomy.

解析：选A写作意图题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知，作者在文章开头就提出了

论点，即循环利用可回收材料更节能；第三至五段又具体通过养猫所使用的食物罐为例来

进一步论证。由此可推知，作者写本文的目的在于倡导循环利用的理念，故选A项。

［题型全面解读］明晰高考题型，精通解题技法

阅读理解能力历来是浙江高考英语考查的重点，也始终占据着主体地位。阅读理解题解

答的顺利与否，直接影响着后面其他试题的答题时间和答题心态。因此，掌握一定的阅读理

解解题技巧，可以帮助考生快速、准确的选择出正确答案，从而在高考中取得高分。

一、命题特点要知晓

1.短文特点

浙江高考英语阅读理解共设三篇文章，总词数不少于800,生词率不超过3%。一共有

10个小题，每小题2.5分，共计25分。

2.选材特点

语篇来源于国外英文图书、报刊、网络媒体等，多为最新时文，或经过出题者改写，

具有浓厚的时代气息。题材多样，涉及英语国家的文化习俗、人口、地理、建设、历史、

社会、科技等概况。所选材料语言地道、内容丰富，紧跟时代步伐，有较为丰富的文化蕴

涵，贴近考生生活。

3.体裁特点

体裁包括记叙文(含夹叙夹议文)、说明文、议论文和应用文。

(1)记叙文是通过叙述、描写、说明、抒情、议论的表达方式来记人、叙事、写景、状

物以表达作者的特定思想情感。

(2)说明文是按照特定的时间、空间、逻辑顺序来介绍或说明某种事物的特征、功能等。

(3)议论文是指采用特定的论据来论证某种观点。

(4)应用文是采用特定的格式来介绍或说明某个主题。

二、题型技法要用好

浙江高考英语阅读理解题型以细节理解题、推理判断题为主，词义猜测题、主旨大意

题较难，所占比例较少，命题很好地体现了“注重基础，体现层次”，有利于选拔人才的

高考命题思想。

cnra细节理解题

细节理解题考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等及议论

文中的例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当

然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。

1.事实细节题一寻读法

事实细节题分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who,what,which,when,where,

why和how提问，或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。常见命题

形式有：

Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

AllthefollowingarementionedEXCEPT.

Whichofthefollowingismentioned（NOTmentioned）?

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE/RIGHT/FALSE/WRONGabout...?

[典例1]（2018-6月浙江曲考阅谀B节选）

Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:

reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic

baguseitcancelsout.However,longerlastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergy

tomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfor

theplanetthanplastic.

26.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplasticbagmakers?

A.Theyarequiteexpensive.

B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.

C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.

D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.

分析：本题为事实细节题，可用寻读法从文中找到信息源。由题干中的“reusablebags”

可确定信息源为倒数第二句。根据该选段倒数第二句"However,longerlastingreusable

bagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.”可知，生产这种耐用且能重复使用的购物袋需要

更多的能源，故选D项。

2.排列顺序题-首尾定位法（找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围）

排列顺序题常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般要求排列出事件发生的先后顺序。常见

命题形式有：

WhichofthefollowingistheCORRECTorderof...?

WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofsignalsdescribedinParagraph...?

3.图文匹配题一按图索骥理清线索

设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。这种类型的题目考查的较少。

4.数字计算题一（方法：审题f带着问题找细节f对比、分析、计算）

这类题目虽然可在文中直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可确定答案。

[典例2]（2018•全国卷I阅读C节选）

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesis

hugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,often

spokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.

Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsia

andthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.

Themediannumber（中位数）ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld's

languagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

A.About6,800.B.About3,400.

C.About2,400.D.About1,200.

分析：本题为数字计算题。先审题：题干关键词为"spokenbylessthan6,000peopleat

present”。再由关键词找细节，细节为选段第一句和最后一句。根据选段第一句"Atpresent,

theworldhasabout6,800languages.”可知，目前世界上有大约6800种语言；再根据最后一

句"Themediannumber（中位数）ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalfthe

world,slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.w分析可知，目前世界上一半的语

言的使用人数少于6000,通过计算，也就是说有大约3400种语言的使用人数少于6000。

由此可知B项为正确选项。

推理判断题

推理判断题主要考查考生对文章中隐含或深层的含义的理解能力。它要求考生根据文

章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断，包括考生对作者观点的理解，态度的判断，对修辞、语气、

隐含意思等的理解。题干关键词：infer（推断）,indicate（象征，暗示）,imply/suggest（暗示）,

conclude（得出结论）,assume（假定，设想）。

1.细节推理判断题

一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断，常见命题形式有：

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.

Theauthorimplies/suggeststhat.

Wemayinferthat.

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat・

[典例1]（2018・6月浙江高考阅读A节选）

In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterand

publisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovels

andtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheld

upasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickensygreatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthe

pantheon（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvre

sellingofftheMonaLisa.

22.DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress.

A.hisreputationinFrance

B.hisinterestinmodernart

C.hissuccessinpublication

D.hisimportanceinliterature

分析：本题为细节推理判断题。根据选段最后一^Removinghimfromthepantheon

（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingoffthe

MonaLisa."可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉

一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性，由此可推知D项正确。

2.预测推理判断题

根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测，常见命题形式有：

Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenif/when...?

Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite.

3.推测文章来源或读者对象

常见命题形式有：

Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom.

Thepassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin.

Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?

Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?

[典例2]（2018•全国卷II阅谀B）

[l]ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennatureJsberriesandstonefruits

areinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittle

powerhousesofnutritionalprotection.

[2]Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseof

theirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白质），ironandzinc（notthatfruits

havemuchprotein）.Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants（抗氧化物质）.The

yellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturninto

vitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries（樱桃）,theyaresodeliciouswhocares?

However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

[3]Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakean

excellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlow