2023年高考英语外刊时文精读专题15青少年近视

2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练（15）

Short-sightedness:Protectingthepupils

近视：保护学生

主题语境：人与自我主题语境内容：健康的生活方式

【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇,认识即可;下划线单词为课标词汇,需熟记。）

Fewthingscomewithnodownsidesatall.Richcountries

havealmostcompletelybanishedinfectiousdiseasessuchastuberculosis（结核病），cholera（霍乱）andmalaria（疟疾）.

Instead,theirhealthministriesspendmuchoftheirtimeworryingaboutillnessescausedbywealth.Cheap,high

caloriefoodhasabKlishedstarvationintherichworld,butitalsoencourages（糖尿病）.White-collarjobsare

lesstiringthanphysicalwork.Theyalsopromoteobesityandheartdisease.

Eveneducationisnotalwaysgood.Overthepastfewdecades,EastAsiahasseenastunnin。riseintherate

ofshort-sightedness.Andagrowingpileofevidencesuggeststhatthemainreasonfbrthisis

education-specificaH、、thefactthatchildrenspendlargepartsofthedayinrelativelydarkclassrooms.Beforethe

longeconomicboomsthatbeganinthe1960s,short-sightednesswasuncommoninEastAsia.Thesedays,among

theyoung,itisalmostwidespread.InSeoulovernineintenyoungmenareshort-sighted.China,whichbeganits

economicriselater,iscatchingup.Datashowshort-sightednessratesamongyoungpeopleofabout80%.IfEast

Asiaisthecentreoftheepidemic（流行病）,theWestisnotimmune.Gooddataarehardertocomeby.Butstudies

suggestratesofbetween20%and40%inEurope,higherthanthenaturalstateofaffairs.OnestudyinCalifornia

foundarateof59%among17-to19-year-olds.

Thereare,admittedly,worsethingstosufferfiom.Butshort-sightednessisnotalways

harmless.Glassesandcontact（隐形眼镜）areanexpensive,lifelongbother.InpartsofruralChina,wheresome

familiescannotaffordeither,childrenstruggleintheveryschoolsthatarecausingtheproblem.And

severeshort-sightednessleadsthoseenduringittoothereyediseasesinmiddleage,someofwhichcancause

untreatablelossofvision.GovernmentsinAsiaareincreasinglyworriedaboutthepublic-healtheffectsofentire

generationsgrowingupshort-sighted.Thoseinotherpartsoftheworldshouldstartworrying,

too.Theevidencesuggeststhatregularexposuretobrightdaylightisvitalinproperlycontrollingthegrowthof

children'seyes.Toolittlelightleadstoshort-sightedeyes.Researchersthinkthatthisexplainswhyratesareso

highinAsia,whereastrongculturalemphasisonthevalueofeducationleadstolongschooldaysand,

often,privatetutoringintheafternoonandevening.Thatleaveslittletimeforsunshine.Westernchildren,whose

parentsareincreasinglyworriedbyacompetitivejobsmarketthatthreatensmuchlesssecureemploymentthan

theyenjoyed,arebeginningtogothesameway.Specialeyedrops,aswellascleverglassesandcontactlenses,may

beabletoslowthedevelopmentofshort-sightednessonceithasstarted.Butpreventionisbetterthanrelief,and

thesciencesuggestsacheap,straightforwardmeasure.Aseriesofencouragingtrialsshowthatgiving

schoolchildren-andespeciallythoseinprimaryeducation-moretimeoutsidecancutthenumberwhogoonto

developshort-sightedness.Anisland-widepolicyofdoingjustthatseemstohavebegunchangingthedecades-long

riseinshort-sightednessrates.SimilarattemptsinSingaporereliedonparents,whoprovedmorereluctanttochange

theirbehaviour,perhapsworriedthatotherparentsmightnotfollowsuit,leavingtheirchildrenatadisadvantagein

theclassroom.Governmentsarewellplacedtosolvesuchcollective-actionproblems,whilereassuringanxious

parentsthatabitlessclassroomtimeisunlikelytobecatastrophic.Afterall,countriessuchasFinlandand

Swedendowellinglobaleducationrankingswithalessintenseapproachtoeducation.Givingmoreoutdoortime

toyoungchildrenwouldstillleaveroomforthemtocram（死记硬背）forexamsintheirteenageyears.Andlonger

breaksintheplaygroundmayalsoimproveotherrich-worldproblemssuchaschildhoodobesity.

Far-sightedgovernmentsshouldsendthekidsoutdoors.

【课标词汇精讲】

1.banish消除，排除

Diseaseslikemalariahavebeenbanishedforcenturies.疟疾之类的疾病已经被根除数世纪之久。

Hehasnowbanishedallthoughtsofretirement…他现在已经完全打消了退休的念头。

2.infectious易传染的，传染性的；有感染力的；

•aninfectiousdisease/patient传染病/传染病病人

•aninfectioussmile有感染力的笑声

•infectiousenthusiasm有感染力的热情

3.abolish废除,废止

SlaverywasabolishedintheUSinthe19thcentury,美国于19世纪废除了奴隶制。

Thewholesystemshouldbeabolished.整个制度应该被废除。

4.starvation饥饿，挨饿

Twentymillionpeoplefacestarvationunlessavastemergencyaidprogrammeislaunched.若不启动大型紧

急援助专案计划，两千万人将有饿死的危险。

Theanimalshaddiedofstarvation.这些动物饿死了。

5.promote促进；促销，推销；推广

Advertisingcompaniesarealwayshavingtothinkupnewwaystopromoteproducts.广告公司总是得想出新

办法来促销。

Greenpeaceworkstopromoteawarenessofthedangersthatthreatenourplanettoday.绿色和平组织致力于

促使人们更了解当前威胁地球的危机。

6.stunning震惊的

•stunningnews令人震惊的新闻

Hesufferedastunningdefeatintheelection.他在选举中惨败。

7.evidence证据；证明

Severalexpertsaretogiveevidenceonthesubject.儿位专家将就这个问题提出证据。

Thereisgrowing/mounting/increasingevidencethatpeoplewhosedietsarerichinvitaminsarelesslikelyto

developsometypesofcancer.越来越多的证据证明，在饮食中吸收含有富维他命食物的人不太容易罹患某些

癌症。

8.specifically特意，专门地；明确地;确切地；具体地

Thesejeansaredesignedspecificallyforwomen.这些牛仔裤是专为女性设计的。

Itspecificallysaid/statedonthelabelthatthejacketshouldbedry-cleanedonly.标签上明确标明这件夹克衫

只能干洗。

9.relatively相对地,比较而言，按…比例说

Relativelyspeaking,it'safairlypoorcountry.相对而言，这是个很贫穷的国家。

Thesystemisrelativelyeasytouse.这个系统使用起来相对容易。

10.widespread分布广的，散布广的；普遍的

Therewaswidespreadsupportforthewar.普遍支持战争。

Thestormcausedwidespreaddamage.暴风雨造成了大范围的破坏。

11.catchup赶上

Iranafterherandmanagedtocatchupwithher.我在她后面追，终于赶上了她。

Atthemomentourtechnologyismoreadvanced,butothercountriesarecatchingupwithus.目前我们的技术

比较先进，但是其他国家正在赶上来。

12.immune免疫的;对某种疾病）有免疫力的：

Mostpeoplewho'vehadchickenpoxonceareimmunetoitfortherestoftheirlives.大多数出过水痘的人终

生都对此病具有免疫力。

Oncewe'vehadthedisease,we'reimmuneforlife.我们一旦得过这种病，就获得了终身免疫力。

13.Admittedly［用于让步或承认某事属实或确实如此］诚然；无可否认

Admittedly,thesalarywasnotwonderfulbutthedutieswerelight.诚然，薪水不是很高，但是工作很轻松。

Thisisadmittedlyanextremecase.这确实是个极端的事例。

14.suffer受苦；受折磨

She'sbeensufferingfrom(=beenillwith)cancerfortwoyears.她患癌症已经两年了。

Mary'ssufferingfromillhealthatthemoment.玛丽眼下身体不好。

15.endure忍耐(痛苦，困难)，忍受

Itseemedimpossiblethatanyonecouldenduresuchpain.似乎没人能忍而j这样的痛苦。

Wehadtoendureanine-hourdelayattheairport.航班延误，我们不得不在机场苦等了九个小时。

16.Increasingly越来越多地，不断增加地

•tobeincreasinglyimportant/common越来越重要/普遍

Hewasfindingitincreasinglydifficulttomakedecisions…他发现越来越难以作出决定。

Thereisanincreasinglypopularalternative...W了越来越受欢迎的替代品。

17.exposure接触；面临；遭受

Youshouldalwayslimityourexposuretothesun.无论甚么时候，都不要长时间晒太阳。

Evenabriefexposuretoradiationisverydangerous.即使只是短期接受辐射也是非常危险的。

18.vital必不可少的；极其重要的

Shehadfoundoutsomeinformationofvitalimportance.她已经查出了一些极为重要的资讯。

Regularexerciseisvitalforyourhealth.经常锻炼对健康非常重要。

19.emphasis重视，强调

Theyplacedgreatemphasisontheindividuafsfreedom.他们特另强调个人自由。

Schoolshereput/place/laygreatemphasisonwrittenworkandgrammar.这里的学校特另U重视写作和文法。

20.competitive竞争的；竞赛的

Graduateshavetofightforjobsinahighlycompetitivemarket.毕业生不得不在竞争激烈的市场上奋力争

取找到工作。

Universitiesareverycompetitiveforthebeststudents.大学对优等生的争夺十分激烈。

21.secure安全的，无危险的；可靠的，稳定的

Theofficialsaidthatnoairportcouldbetotallysecure.那名官员说任何机场都不可能绝对安全。

Wewantasecurefutureforourchildren.我们希望我们的孩子有一个可靠的未来。

22.employment受雇；就业

Theemploymentprospectsforsciencegraduatesareexcellent.理木斗毕业生的就业前景非常好。

Steve'sstilllookingforfull-timeemployment.史蒂夫还在寻找全职工作。

23.prevention阻止，妨碍；预防

TheorganizationiscommittedtoAIDSpreventionandeducation.该组织致力于爱滋病的防治和教育。

Effectivecrimepreventionmustbeourmaingoal.有效预防犯罪必须是我们的主要目标。

24.straightforward容易理解的，简单的

Installingtheprogramisrelativelystraightforward.安装这个程序相对来说比较简单。

Thisareaoflawisfarfromstraightforward(=complicated).这方面的法律很复杂。

25.trial验，试验,测试

They'veemployedherforasix-monthtrial(period).他们录用了她，试用期为六个月。

Theyletmehavethecomputerontrialforthirtydays.他们让我试用这台计算机三十天。

26.primary首要的；主要的;初等教育的，小学的

•primaryeducation初等教育

•aprimaryschool小学

TheRedCross'sprimaryconcernistopreserveandprotecthumanlife.红十字会最关心的是维护人的生命

安全。

27.rehictant不情愿的，勉强的

Sheseemedreluctanttodiscussthematter.她似乎不愿讨论这件事。

IwashavingsuchagoodtimeIwasreluctanttoleave.我玩得很开心，都不愿意离开了。

28.reassure安慰，使放心，使消除疑虑

Heunderstoodherfeelingsandtriedtoreassureher.他理解她的心情并努力安慰她。

1wasnervousonmyfirstdayatcollege,butIwasreassuredtoseesomefriendlyfaces.踏进大学的第一天我

很紧张，但是当我看到那么多友善的脸孔，心里感到踏实多了。

29.catastrophic灾难性的;引起重大灾难的

Atidalwavecausedbytheearthquakehitthecoastcausingcatastrophicdamage…地震引起的海啸袭击了沿

海地区，导致灾难性的破坏。

Thewatershortageinthiscountryispotentiallycatastrophic…这个国家的水资源匮乏可能会带来灾难性的

后果。

30.intense强烈的；剧烈的，极度的

Hesuddenlyfeltanintensepaininhisback.他突然觉得背部一阵剧痛。

Youngpeopletodayareunderintensepressuretosucceed.如今的年轻人面临极大的成功压力。

【课标词汇精练】

1.Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedofsincethebeginningoftheyear.从年初起，已有300多人饿死。

2.Ithaslongbeenknownthatregularexerciseall-roundgoodhealth.经常运动能促进全面健康，这一点已久

为人知。

3.ThePresident^finaldecisioncamewithsuddenness.总统之最后决定的突然性令人吃惊

4.Thecampaignhasreceivedsupport.这场运动得到广泛支持。

5.Hewasoffschoolforawhileandisfindingithardto.他休学了一段时间，现在发现要跟上很吃力。

6.Heseemstobetocolds-hejustnevergetsthem.他好像对感冒具有免疫力---他从不感冒。

7.Itisbecomingclearthatthisproblemwillnotbeeasilysolved.越来越明显的是，这个问题不会轻易解决。

8.toleadisknowntodamagethebrainsofyoungchildren.众所周知，接触铅对幼儿的大脑有害。

9.Itistogetmedicalsuppliestotheareaassoonaspossible.要尽快把药品送往该地区，这至关重要。

10.Forsomeonewhocantread,shoppingisbynomeansamatter.对于不识字的人来说，购物决不是一件简单

的事情

11.,1couldhavetriedharderbutIstUldonFtthinkallthiscriticismisfair.^FnlSU，我本来可以再努力些。尽

管如此，我认为这些批评也并非完全公道。

12.Ithinkhequitealotwhenhiswifelefthim.我想他妻子离开他时，他一定很痛苦。

13.Isthereanyscientificthataperson'scharacterisreflectedintheirhandwriting?一个人的笔迹反映其性格的

说法有甚么科学凭据呢？

14.Theytriedtothememoryfromtheirminds.他们试图驱走心中的记忆。

15.Thesevirusesaffectchildrenandarehighly.这些病毒会侵袭儿童，而且具有很强的传染性。

16.Thegovernmentshouldincometaxforthelow-paid.政府应该取消低收入者的所得税。

17.Weareaimingourcampaignatyoungpeople.我们的促销宣传是专门针对年轻人的。

18.AlthoughEurope'seconomywasgrowing,itwasfallingbehind.尽管欧洲经济也在增长，但相对而言是落后

了。

19.She'salreadyhadtothreepainfuloperationsonherleg.她已经承受了三次腿部手术的巨大痛苦。

20.sportsencouragechildrentoworktogetherasateam.竞技体育激励孩子们的团队协作精神。

21.Atlasttheywereabletofeelaboutthefuture.他们终于觉得不必为将来而担忧了。

22.Ithinkweshouldputasmuchonpreventingdiseaseaswedooncuringit.我认为我们应该像重视治疗一样

重视疾病的预防。

23.Theministerwarnedthatifwarbrokeout,itwouldbeforthewholeworld.这位部长警告说，万一爆发战

争，那对全世界都将是场灾难。

24.Thejobdemandsconcentration.这项工作要求高度专心。

25.Educatingnewdriversisimportantfortheofaccidents.培训新司机对预防事故很重要。

26.levelsareunlikelytorisesignificantlybeforetheendofnextyear.在明年年底之前就业率很难有大幅度提

升。

27.Hetriedtomethatmymotherwouldbeokay.他试图安慰我，说我母亲不会有事的。

28.They'redoingclinicalonanewdrug他们正在对一种新药进行临床试验。

29.Theresponsibilitylieswiththosewhobreakthelaw.主要的责任在于那些违法者。

30.ManyparentsfeeItotalkopenlyw汕theirchildren.很多父母都不愿意和儿女们敞开心扉交谈。

Keys:

1.Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedofstarvationsincethebeginningoftheyear.

2.Ithaslongbeenknownthatregularexercisepromotesall-roundgoodhealth.

3.ThePresidentsfinaldecisioncamewithstunningsuddenness.

4.Thecampaignhasreceivedwidespreadsupport.

5.Hewasoffschoolforawhileandisfindingithardtocatchup.

6.Heseemstobeimmunetocolds-hejustnevergetsthem.

7.Itisbecomingincreasinglyclearthatthisproblemwillnotbeeasilysolved.

8.Exposuretoleadisknowntodamagethebrainsofyoungchildren.

9.Itisvitaltogetmedicalsuppliestotheareaassoonaspossible.

10.Forsomeonewhocan'tread,shoppingisbynomeansastraightforwardmatter.

11.Admittedly,IcouldhavetriedharderbutIstilldon'tthinkallthiscriticismisfair.

12.1thinkhesufferedquitealotwhenhiswifelefthim.

13.1sthereanyscientificevidencethataperson'scharacterisreflectedintheirhandwriting?

14.Theytriedtobanishthememoryfromtheirminds.

15.Thesevirusesaffectchildrenandarehighlyinfectious.

16.Thegovernmentshouldabolishincometaxforthelow-paid.

17.Weareaimingourcampaignspecificallyatyoungpeople.

18.AlthoughEurope'seconomywasgrowing,itwasfallingbehindrelatively.

19.She'salreadyhadtoendurethreepainfuloperationsonherleg.

20.Competitivesportsencouragechildrentoworktogetherasateam.

21.Atlasttheywereabletofeelsecureaboutthefuture.

22.1thinkweshouldputasmuchemphasisonpreventingdiseaseaswedooncuringit.

23.Theministerwarnedthatifwarbrokeout,itwouldbecatastrophicforthewholeworld.

24.Thejobdemandsintenseconcentration.

25.Educatingnewdriversisimportantforthepreventionofaccidents.

26.Employmentlevelsareunlikelytorisesignificantlybeforetheendofnextyear.

27.Hetriedtoreassuremethatmymotherwouldbeokay.

28.They'redoingclinicaltrialsonanewdrug.

29.Theprimaryresponsibilitylieswiththosewhobreakthelaw.

30.Manyparentsfeelreluctantto