2020年上海市徐汇区高考英语二模试卷

2020年上海市徐汇区高考英语二模试卷

I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections：InSectionA，youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper，anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．(★★★★★)A．Toanswerthedoor．

B．Tofixthedoorbell．

C．Togetajob．

D．Toaskforinstructions．2．(★★)A．Attheairport．

B．Inarestaurant．

C．Inabookingoffice．

D．Atthehotelreception．3．(★★★★★)A．Shehaslostalotofweight．

B．Shelostsomemoneylastyear．

C．Shespentalotoncosmeticsurgery．

D．Sheishavinghealthproblems．4．(★★★★★)A．Takingphotographs．

B．Downloadingimages．

C．Fixingcameras．

D．Paintingpictures．5．(★★★★★)A．Thewomanisgoingtoholdapartytomorrow．

B．Themanasksthewomannottoattendtheparty．

C．Thewomandoesn'tknowhowtogettotheparty．

D．Themanofferstodrivethewomantotheparty．6．(★★★★★)A．Tokyoisacitywithashorthistory．

B．Hecanprovidelittleusefulinformation．

C．Hecanshowthewomanaroundthecity．

D．HehaslivedinTokyoforalongtime．7．(★★★★★)A．Shewillmeetthemaninhisoffice．

B．Shehasanappointmentwiththeman．

C．Shehadatrafficaccidentthatmorning．

D．Shecan'tfinishmakingthejambefore9．8．(★★★★★)A．Playsomemusic．

B．Removethepowerplug．

C．Repairthesoundbox．

D．Startthecarengine．9．(★★★★★)A．Shecan'tstandthehotweather．

B．Thebeachresortisabetterchoice．

C．Sheenjoysvisitingtheartmuseums．

D．Themanshoulddevelopatasteforart．10．(★★★★★)A．Heissatisfiedwithhisnewjob．

B．Hewantshisworkloadtobeshared．

C．Hedoesn'tlikehisnewoffice．

D．Hegetspressurefromhisnewposition．

SectionBDirections：InSectionB，youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation，andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice，butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.11．(★★★★★)（1）A．Apromotionofoutdoorclothes．

B．AnintroductionofWestVirginia．

C．Aweekendvacationtoafamousresort．

D．Afreetriptoanunknowndestination．

（2）A．Regretful．

B．Frustrating．

C．Worthwhile．

D．Comfortable．

（3）A．Mysterytrips．

B．Outdooradventures．

C．Socialmedia．

D．Traveldestinations．12．(★★★★★)（1）A．Goodsarescarceandhardtogetforordinaryconsumers．

B．Peopleaimforsocialdistinctionthroughwhattheyown．

C．Manufacturersmakemoremoneybymassproduction．

D．Growthofconsumerismisrestrictedbyartificialproducts．

（2）A．Tocutdownonlabourcostsbyreducingworkinghours．

B．Tomakecustomersfeeltheyownsomethingrare．

C．Toincreasetheircoffeepricewithoutlosingcustomers．

D．Tofocusmoreonqualityandcustomersatisfaction．

（3）A．Consumerawareness．

B．Socialdistinction．

C．Artificialscarcity．

D．Massproduction．13．(★★★★★)（1）A．Inthegym．

B．Atabookstore．

C．Atthelibrary．

D．Intheclassroom．

（2）A．Waitforamonth．

B．Keepthereceipt．

C．Markonthebook．

D．Acceptadiscount．

（3）A．Themandoesn'tneedthebooknow．

B．He'safraidhemightdamagethebook．

C．Thebookcoststoomuchforhim．

D．Hepreferstheeditionwithfootnotes．

（4）A．Bargainwiththewoman．

B．Gotoanotherbookstore．

C．Wraphisbook．

D．SurftheInternet．

II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.14．(★★★)DiscoveringaLostBrotherKieronGrahamalwaysknewhehadanelderbrothernamedVincent．Hisadoptionpapers，（1）signed（sign）whenhewasthreemonthsold，listedabrothernamedVincentbutnolastname．ThoughKieronspentyearsthinkingaboutVincent，hecouldnevertrackhimdown．

ThatchangedinDecember2017，whenKieron'sadoptiveparentsgavehimanDNAtestasaChristmasgift．Whenhisresultscameback，hewassurprised（2）tofind（find）hehadalotofDNAmatchesforrelativeswhohadalsotakenthetest．Mostweredistantconnections，butonematchwassostrongthatit（3）waslabelled（label）"closefamily．"HisnamewasVincentGhant．KieronlookedforhimonFacebookandsoonmadeapossibleconnection．

Whentheyconnected，itwas（4）asiftheyhadknowneachothertheirwholelives．Astheytalked，thebrothersrealizedtheylivedabout20minutesfromeachother．（5）Moresurprisingly（surprisingly），theyattendedthesameuniversityandmajoredandminoredinthesamesubjects．

VincentwasninewhenKieronwasbornandrememberscaringforhisbabybrother．Buttimesweretough，andShawn，whoworked15-plushoursadayasanurse，decidedthat（6）placing（place）Kieronforadoptionwouldgivehimthebestchancetosucceed．

"Shewasveryemotionalaboutthattime，tothepoint（7）whereitwashardforhertoputintowordsanythingaboutwhathappened，"Vincentsays．

Nowthebrothershadthechancetomakeupforlosttime．Theydecidedtomeetatalocalteashopthatweek．OneofVincent'sconcernswasthatKieron（8）mighthatehisbirthfamilyforplacinghimforadoption．HewasrelievedKierondidn't，and（9）thathe'dgrownupinalovingfamily．Afterthatfirstmeeting，thebrothersplayedfootballtogetherandcelebratedChristmaswiththeirfamilies．"We'llkeepgrowingourrelationship（10）untilit'stimetoleavethisplanet，"saysVincent．Thatshouldn'tbehard．AsKieronsays，"We'vegotyearsandyearstocatchupon．"

SectionBDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.15．(★★★)A．motiveB．deliberatelyC．convincedD．injuriousE．alertsF．desperatelyG．sweptH．accountsI．unconsciousJ．preservingK．charging

WhyHumpbackWhales（座头鲸）ProtectOtherSpeciesfromKillerWhalesRobertPitman，amarineecologist，describesanencounterhewitnessedinAntarcticain2009．AgroupofkillerwhaleswereattackingaWeddellseal．Thesealswam（1）Ftowardapairofhumpbacksthathadinsertedthemselvesintotheaction．Oneofthehumpbacksrolledoveronitsback，andthesealwas（2）Gontoitschest，betweenthewhale'smassiveflippers（鳍）．"Thatincident（3）Cme，"hesays．"Thosehumpbacksweredoingsomethingwecouldn'texplain．"

Pitmanstartedaskingotherresearchersandwhalewatcherstosendhimsimilar（4）H．Soonhewasreadingthroughobservationsof115encountersbetweenhumpbacksandkillerwhales，recordedover62years．"Therearesomeprettyastonishingvideosofhumpbacks（5）Kkillerwhales，"hesays．

Ina2016articleinMarineMammalScience，afamousscientificjournal，Pitmanandhisco-authorsdescribethisbehaviourandconfirmthatsuchactsofdo-goodingarewidespread．Butknowingthatsomethingishappeningandunderstandingwhyit'shappeningaretwodifferentthings．Pitmanandhisco-authorsopenlyreflectedonthemeaningoftheseencounters．"Why，"theywrote，"wouldhumpbacks（6）Binterferewithattackingkillerwhales，spendingtimeandenergyonapotentially（7）Dactivity，especiallywhenthekillerwhales…wereattackingotherspeciesofprey？"

Interestingly，humpbacksdon'tjusthitonkiller-whaleattacks．Theyracetowardthemlikefirefightersintoburningbuildings．Andlikethoserescueworkers，humpbacksdon'tknowwhoisindangeruntiltheygetthere．That'sbecausethesoundthat（8）Ethemtoanattackisn'tthesadvoiceofthevictim．It'stheexcitedcallsofthekillerwhales．Pitmanbelieveshumpbackshaveonesimpleinstruction："Whenyouhearkillerwhalesattacking，gobreakitup．"

Iwonderwhathumpbackwhalescaredeeplyenoughabouttoactivelyswimintobattlewithkillerwhales．WhenIaskPitman，hetellsmethat，itstillcomesdowntoselfishly（9）Jtheirownkind．Hebelievesthattheiroccasionalrescuesofhumpbackcalves（后代）createastrongenough（10）Aforthemtorushintohelp，evenifitmeanstheyendupsavingsunfish，sealions，dolphinseverynowandthen．

III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.16．(★★★★)Thetruepurposeofabusiness，PeterDruckersaid，istocreateandkeepcustomers．"Customervalue"hasseveraldefinitions．Iusethe（1）Ctomeanthetotallifetimevalueofacompany'scustomerbase．Companiescanincreasethisvalueby（2）Cmorecustomers，earningmorebusinessfromexistingones，keepingthemlonger，makingtheirexperiencesimplerthroughdigitalimprovementsandsoon．（3）Bleadershavelongunderstoodtheimportanceofconcentratingoncustomervalueratherthanpursuingshort-termprofitsorquarterlyearnings，andthey'vebecomeenduringcustomerloyaltyleadersintheprocess．It'sworthnotingthatanumberofloyalty-leadingcompaniesareableto（4）Ashareholderpressure，oravoiditaltogether，becausetheyarefounder-led，customer-owned，ornotpubliclytraded．

Companiescan（5）Dcustomervalueinavarietyofways：Toincrease（6）A，enterprisesoftwarecompaniessometimeschargecorporatecustomerschangefeesthatcanraisethetotalcostofownershiptoasmuchasthreetimestheoriginalprice．Toreduceoperatingcosts，restaurantchainssometimes（7）Bfrozenandprecookedingredientsinplaceoffreshandmade-to-orderfood．Theresultingprofitsmaylookgoodontheincomestatement．Suchstrategiesmayevenleadtoshort-termearningsgrowth．Buttheyalso（8）Dpotentialcustomersandencouragedisloyalty．

Giventheimportanceofcustomervalue，leadersshouldtrackitasmuchastheytrackotherkeyassets（资产），suchasbuildings，machinery，andmarketablesecurities．Theyalsoshouldrevealitintheirquarterlyandannualearningsreleasessothatinvestorscanmake（9）Ajudgmentsaboutcompanyperformanceandhowitcompareswiththatofindustrypeers．Butmostcompanies（10）Dbelievethatmeasuringcustomervalueistoodifficultorcostly．Theycontinuetorelyonacenturies-oldaccountingtraditionthatemphasizesphysicalandfinancialassets，andneitherincomestatementsnorbalancesheetsoffermuch（11）Dintothevalueofacompany'scustomers．

Asinvestorswakeuptotheimportanceofcustomervalue，however，manygrowth-stagecompaniesnowdirectinvestors'attentionto（12）Bingrowingthevalueoftheircustomerbase．Somepubliccompaniesincreasinglyreportvarioustypesofcustomervaluemetrics（指标）．OneoftheUK'stopenergysuppliersE．ON，（13）B，reportsyear-over-yearcustomercountsinitsfinancialreport．"Asacustomer-focusedcompany，"E．ONnoted，"weseecustomervalueascrucialtooursuccess．"

Thisisastart，butbecausetherearenocustomer-valuereportingstandardsorrequirements，investorsstillhavea（n）（14）Apicture．Theminorityofcompaniesthatdoprovidecustomervalueinformationdecideforthemselveswhattodisclose．（15）B，firmsmaycalculatecustomermetricsdifferentlyorchangethemtotelladesiredstory，orsimplystopreportingthemiftheyfailtogowiththecompany'spreferrednarrative．

（1）A．itemB．versionC．termD．definition（2）A．persuadingB．consultingC．acquiringD．inspecting（3）A．ConsiderateB．VisionaryC．DeterminedD．Powerful（4）A．resistB．relieveC．intensifyD．maintain（5）A．raiseB．adoptC．calculateD．destroy（6）A．incomeB．experienceC．productivityD．demand（7）A．separateB．substituteC．forbidD．combine（8）A．appealtoB．relyonC．putdownD．scareoff（9）A．informedB．subjectiveC．definitiveD．independent（10）A．fullyB．hardlyC．readilyD．wrongly（11）A．suspicionB．extensionC．literacyD．visibility（12）A．sacrificeB．successC．prejudiceD．expense（13）A．asaresultB．forexampleC．onthecontraryD．ingeneral（14）A．incompleteB．depressingC．convincingD．vivid（15）A．InsteadB．FurtherC．OtherwiseD．Therefore

SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.17．(★★★)Aristotlethoughtthefacewasawindowontoaperson'smind．Ciceroagreed．Twothousandyearspassed，andfacialexpressionsarestillcommonlythoughttobeauniversallyvalidwaytojudgeotherpeople'sfeelings，irrespectiveofage，sexandculture．Araisedeyebrowsuggestsconfusion．Asmileindicateshappiness．

Ordothey？Ananalysisofhundredsofresearchpapersthatexaminedtherelationshipbetweenfacialexpressionsandunderlyingemotionshasuncoveredasurprisingconclusion：thereisnogoodscientificevidencetosuggestthattherearesuchthingsasrecognizablefacialexpressionsforbasicemotionswhichareuniversalacrosscultures．Justbecauseapersonisnotsmiling，theresearchersfound，doesnotmeanthatpersonisunhappy．

Thismayraisequestionsabouttheeffortsofinformation-technologycompaniestodevelopartificial-intelligencealgorithms（算法）whichcanrecognizefacialexpressionsandworkoutaperson'sunderlyingemotionalstate．Microsoft，forexample，claimsits"EmotionAPI"isabletodetectwhatpeoplearefeelingbyexaminingvideofootageofthem．Anotherofthestudy'sauthors，however，expressed[scepticism]．AleixMartinez，acomputerengineeratOhioStateUniversity，saidthatcompaniesattemptingtoobtainemotionsfromimagesoffaceshavefailedtounderstandtheimportanceofcontext．

Forastart，facialexpressionisbutoneofanumberofnon-verbalways，suchasbodyposture，thatpeopleusetocommunicatewitheachother．Machinerecognitionofemotionneedstotakeaccountoftheseaswell．Butcontextcanreachfurtherthanthat．DrMartinezmentionedanexperimentinwhichparticipantswereshownaclose-uppictureofaman'sface，whichwasbrightredwithhismouthopeninascream．Basedonthisalone，mostparticipantssaidthemanwasextremelyangry．Thenthewholepicturewasshown．Itwasafootballplayerwithhisarmsoutstretched，celebratingagoal．Hisangry-lookingfacewas，infact，ashowofpurejoy．

Giventhatpeoplecannotguesseachother'semotionalstatesmostofthetime，DrMartinezseesnoreasoncomputerswouldbeableto．"TherearecompaniesrightnowclaimingtobeabletodothatandapplythistoplacesIfindreallyscaryanddangerous，forexample，inhiringpeople，"hesays．"Somecompaniesrequireyoutopresentavideoresume，whichisanalyzedbyamachine-learningsystem．Anddependingonyourfacialexpressions，theyhireyouornot，whichIfindreallyshocking．"

（1）WecanlearnfromthesecondparagraphthatC．

A．facialexpressionsareuniversalacrosscultures

B．itishardtorecognizesomefacialexpressions

C．emotionsandfacialexpressionsmaynotberelated

D．commonfacialexpressionsconveysimilarmeanings

（2）Inthepassage，theword"scepticism"（paragraph3）isclosestinmeaningto"D"．

A．similarinterest

B．fierceanger

C．strongsupport

D．greatdoubt

（3）TheexperimentmentionedbyDrMartinezmayprovethatD．

A．facialexpressionisanimportantwaytocommunicate

B．machinerecognitionofemotionisnotreliableatall

C．facialexpressionisnottheonlywaytodetectfeelings

D．peoplemaymisreadfacialexpressionsforlackofcontext

（4）Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus？C

A．Facialexpressionsareamongthemostuniversalformsofbodylanguage．

B．Computerscandetectpeople'smindbyanalyzingtheirfacialexpressions．

C．Facialexpressionsmaynotbethereliablereflectionofaperson'semotions．

D．Companiescandependonmachinerecognitionofemotiontohirepeople．18．(★★★)（1）Accordingtothepassage，TheWritermagazineA．

A．providespracticalsuggestionsonawritingcareer

B．respondstoallthequerylettersfromthereaders

C．introducessuccessfulwritersandtheirworksonly

D．prefershandwrittenqueriestoelectronicones

（2）Whensendingaqueryletter，acontributormustD．

A．answerthethreequestionsfirst

B．attachaprintedversionofthestory

C．subscribetothemagazine

D．includeabriefself-introduction

（3）Whatisthispassagemainlyabout？B

A．Magazinerecommendations．

B．Submissionguidelines．

C．Publishedstories．

D．Subscriptioninformation．

IMPROVEYOURWRITINGWRITINGINSPIRATIONGETPUBLISHEDRESOURCES

Foundedin1887，TheWriteraimstoexpandandsupporttheworkofprofessionalwriterswithastraightforwardpresentationofindustryinformation，writinginstructionandprofessionalandpersonalmotivation．Ifyou'repassionateaboutbooks，authors，andwriting，you'llfindeverythingyouneedwithinourpages12timesayear．

Oureditorsareinterestedinqueryletters（投稿信）onconcretetopicswrittenbyemergingandexperiencedwriters．Wearelookingforcleartakeawayforourreaders：Whatcantheylearntoimprovetheirwritingoradvancetheircareers？Whatspecifichow-totipsandstrategieswillaccomplishthis？

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Articlelengthsvarywidelyfrom300to3，000words．

Werecommendwritersaskthemselvesthefollowingquestionsbeforequerying．Itisn'tnecessarytoincludetheminyourquery，butwefindit'sagoodwaytohelpusunderstandhowyourpiecebestfitsinourpages：

•Howspecificallywillthisstoryideahelpourreadersbecomemoreinformedwriters？

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Wepreferelectronicqueries．Pleasedonotmailqueries．

Paymentvaries．

ThankyouforconsideringasubmissiontoTheWritermagazine，thevoiceofimagination，creation，andpublicationsince1887．19．(★★)Therehas，inrecentyears，beenanoutpouringofinformationabouttheimpactofbuildingsonthenaturalenvironment．Informationwhichexplainsandpromotesgreenandsustainableconstructiondesign，strivestoconvinceothersofitsefficacy（功效）andwarnsofthedangersofignoringtheissue．Seldomdothesedocumentsofferanyadvicetopractitioners，suchasthosedesigningmechanicalandelectricalsystemsforabuilding，onhowtousethisknowledgeonapracticallevel．

Althoughthereareagoodmanyadvocatesof"green"constructioninthearchitecturalindustry，abletolistenoughreasonswhybuildingsshouldbedesignedinasustainableway，nottomentionplentyofarchitecturalfirmswithexperienceingreendesign，thisisnotenoughtomakegreenconstructioncomeintobeing．Thedrivingforcebehindwhetherabuildingisconstructedwithminimalenvironmentalimpactlieswiththeownerofthebuilding；thatis，thepersonfinancingtheproject．Iftheownerconsidersgreendesignunimportant，orofsecondaryimportance，thenmorethanlikely，itwillnotbefactoredintothedesign．

Thecommissioning（委任）processplaysakeyroleinensuringtheownergetsthebuildinghewants，intermsofdesign，costsandrisk．Atthepredesignstage，theowner'sobjectivesandexpectationsarediscussedanddocumented．Thisgivesadesignteamasolidfoundationonwhichtheycanbuildtheirideas．Ownerswhoskipthecommissioningprocess，orfailtotake"green"issuesintoaccountwhendoingso，often[comeacropper]oncetheirbuildingisupandrunning．Materialsandequipmentareinstalledasplanned，and，atfirstglance，appeartofulfiltheirpurposeadequately．However，intime，theownerrealizesthatoperationalandmaintenancecostsarehigherthannecessary，andthattheoccupantsaredissatisfiedwiththeresults．Thesefactorsinturnleadtohigherownershipcostsaswellasincreasedenvironmentalimpact．

Insomecases，anownermaybeawareofthelatesttrendsinsustainablebuildingdesign．However，firmsshouldnottakeitasreadthattheclientalreadyhasanideaofhowgreenheintendsthestructuretobe．Indeed，thisinitialinteractionbetweenownerandfirmistheidealtimeforadesignertooutlineandpromotethewaysthatgreendesigncanmeettheclient'sobjectives，thusturningaprojectoriginallynotdestinedforgreendesignintoapotentialcandidate．

Typically，whenconsideringwhetherornottoadoptagreenapproach，anownerwillaskaboutadditionalcostsorreturnforinvestment．Inatypicalproject，landscapearchitects，mechanicalandelectricalengineersdonotbecomeinvolveduntilamuchlaterstage．However，ingreendesign，theymustbeinvolvedfromtheoutset，sincegreendesigndemandsinteractionbetweenthesedisciplines．Thisincreasedcooperationclearlyrequiresadditionalcost．However，theremaybefinancialadvantagefortheclientinchoosingagreenerdesign．Thereareexamplesofgreendesignswhichhavedemonstratedlowercostsforlong-termoperation，ownershipandevenconstruction．

（1）Whatisthemainreasonforthelackofgreenbuildingsbeingdesignedaccordingtothepassage？C

A．Fewfirmshaveenoughexperienceindesigningandconstructinggreenbuildings．

B．Constructioncompaniesareunawareofthebenefitsofsustainabledesigns．

C．Firmsdonotgettodecidewhetherabuildingistobeconstructedsustainably．

D．Firmstendtoconvinceclientsthatotherfactorsaremoreimportantthansustainability．

（2）Thephrase"comeacropper"probablymeansA．

A．experiencemisfortune

B．changeone'smind

C．noticethebenefits

D．makeastart

（3）Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage？C

A．Mostclientshaveaclearideaofwhethertheywantagreenbuildingatthebeginning．

B．Greenbuildingsaremostlikelytocostmoremoneythanconventionalbuildings．

C．Thecommissioningprocessoffersagoodopportunitytobringupthesubjectofgreendesign．

D．Firmsshouldavoidworkingwithclientswhorejectgreendesignsintheirbuildings．

（4）Thewriter'smainpurposeistoD．

A．explaintheimportanceofcommunicationwhenabuildingiscommissioned

B．emphasizetheimportanceofgreenbuildingdesigninprotectingtheenvironment

C．explaintobuildingownerswhyignoringgreenissuesiscostlyanddangerous

D．informprofessionalshowtheycaninfluenceclientstochoosegreenerdesigns

SectionCDirections：Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.20．(★★★)A．Theculturalbreakthroughcamein2014withaveryspecificpodcast-Serial．

B．Butifyouareacelebrity，podcastscanprovideanewbranchofbusiness．

C．Andnow，despitethegrowthinsmartphonesofferinghigh-definitionpictures，thepopularityofpodcastsisbooming．

D．Nowtheboominpodcastingembracesahugerangeoftalent，fromprofessionalbroadcasterstoenthusiastsofferinginsightsonanythingandeverything．

E．Podcastsofferachancetospeaktoaverypreciseselectionofpeople．

F．Butwheredidthistrendformakingportableaudioprogrammesbegin？ThePodcast（播客）BoomDoyouprefertowatchTVorlistentotheradio？Therewasatimewhensomepeoplethoughtmovingpictureswouldspelltheendoftuningintotheradioforentertainmentandinformation．Butradiosurvivedandboomed．（1）C

Perhapsthegrowthinpodcastingisnotsurprising-itoffersadigitalaudiofilethatcanbedownloadedandstoredforlisteningatanytime．ItcanalsobestreamedfromtheinternetandplayedonacomputerorMP3player．Andit'snotjustbroadcasters，liketheBBC，whoareproducingpodcasts：nowcommercialbroadcasters，individualsandcompanieswithnoconnectiontobroadcastingaremakingthem．Infact，anyonewithsomethingtosay，andafewpoundstospendontheequipment，cangetinvolved．

Thedigitalaudiofilesarecheaptoproduceand，thankstotheinternet，easytodistribute．（2）FJournalistBenHammersleytoldtheBBCthat"twochangestransformedthemarket-oneculturalandonetechnical．"Atechnicalbreakthroughcamein2012whenAppleproducedtheiPhonepodcastapp，whichprovedapopularlibrarysystemforlisteners．Thiswasfollowedbyadramaticimprovementininexpensiverecordingproductionandeditingequipment．Finally，thedevelopmentof4Gmobilephoneconnectionsandwidespreadwi-fimeantlistenerscouldbrowse，downloadorstreamshowswhenevertheywanted．

（3）AItwasapieceofinvestigativejournalismhostedbySarahKoenig，tellinganon-fictionstoryovermultipleepisodes（集）．Todate，thefirstandsecondseasonsoftheshowhavehadmorethan340milliondownloads．Advertiserssoonrealizedthemoney-makingpotentialofthisandothersuccessfulpodcasts．Andwheretheaudiencegoes，themoneyfollows．From2017to2018advertisingspendingonpodcastsintheUKwentfrom10.6m（£8.5m）to19.7m，an85%increase，accordingtoOvum．

（4）DInfact，asBenHammersleyexplains，podcastinghasbroughtpeopleintobroadcasting