俄罗斯全面中英文介绍

Russianfood

2021/5/91鱼子酱,有时是黑鱼子酱,是一种奢侈美味,包括加工过,腌制过,未经杀菌的鱼子.鱼子受精的组成可以是“新鲜”（非巴氏杀菌）或巴氏杀菌,后者的美食和经济价值要少得多.2021/5/92Caviar,sometimesblackcaviar,isaluxurydelicacy,consistingofprocessed,salted,non-fertilizedsturgeonroe.Theroecanbe"fresh"(non-pasteurized)orpasteurized,thelatterhavingmuchlessgastronomicandeconomicvalue.2021/5/932021/5/94Borscht,whichissometimesalsospelledborschandborshch,isalovelyvegetablesoupthatisalmostalwaysmadewithbeets. 罗宋汤（borscht），有时也拼作borsch和borshch，是一种美味的蔬菜汤，大多数情况下是用甜菜煮成。

Insomecountriestomatomayoccurasthemainingredient,whilebeetrootactsasasecondaryingredient.

此外，马铃薯也可能是罗宋汤的主料，而甜菜根则是第二主料。

Borschtcanbespicedupwithroastedapplesandsmokedgoosebreast. 罗宋汤可以用烘烤过的苹果和熏鹅脯来提味。

2021/5/952021/5/96Russia‘s俄罗斯的社交礼仪Socialmanners2021/5/97达瓦里希，Hi~1.SayHello2021/5/981.Russiansareveryparticularaboutthecall,butifyoujusttodealwiththem，Youdon‘thavetoworryaboutthisverymuch.2.Inthestreets,shops,youcancalleachother"you"(威),or"comrade"(达瓦里西).3.Iffurtherconversation,youcanaccordingtotheothersexandage,arecalled"Sir"(嘎斯巴季尼),"Miss"(捷乌什嘎),"Ms."(达姆),"Friends"(得路克),"youngman"(马拉多依).2021/5/99俄罗斯人对称呼相当讲究称呼，不过如果你和他们只是一般打打交道，就不用清楚所有的章法了。在大街、商店，你可称对方“您”(威)，或“同志”(达瓦里希)。如果进一步交谈，你可以按对方性别年龄，分别称“先生”(嘎斯巴季尼)、“小姐”“捷乌什嘎”、“女士”(达姆)、“朋友”(得路克)、“小伙子”(马拉多依)。2021/5/9102.GreetingEtiquette2021/5/911Russian’smeetingetiquetteisshakinghands,ingeneral,theyhaven’tseeneachotherforalongtime,theywillkissingandhuggingeachother.moreover,manwillkisslady’shands.俄罗斯人一般的见面礼是握手，久别的亲朋好友常用亲吻拥抱礼，男士一般吻女士的手背2021/5/912

4.Clothing

Etiquette2021/5/913

In

Russianfolk,

marriedwomen

must

wearheadscarves;unmarried

girlsare

not

wearingheadscarves,

butoften

wearahat.

在俄罗斯民间，已婚妇女必须戴头巾；未婚姑娘则不戴头巾，但常戴帽子。2021/5/9143.GuestEtiquette2021/5/915Intheformalcircumstance,Russiansusingthe“breadofsalt”togreetguestsandshowthehighestrespectandwarmestwelcome.

在隆重的场合，俄罗斯人用“面包加盐”的方式迎接贵宾表示最高的敬意和最热烈的欢迎。2021/5/916TheurbanenvironmentofRussia2021/5/917RUSSIAHASNINETIMEZONES（时区）,ASTHEWORLD'SLARGEST

2021/5/918RUSSIA'SMURDERRATEISTWICEASMUCHASINTHEUNITEDSTATES2021/5/919RUSSIA‘SLAKEBAIKAL（贝加尔湖）

HASTWENTYPERCENTOFTHEWORLD'SFRESHWATER

2021/5/920俄罗斯RUSSIAPOLITICAL2021/5/921国旗及国徽2021/5/9222021/5/923苏联解体之后，俄罗斯进行了复杂而深刻的变革，确立了以总统为国家元首、内阁对议会负责、三权分立、地方自治的政治制度，形成了总统共和制的民主联邦国家。1993年12月12日经全民投票通过，同年12月25日正式生效。该宪法是俄罗斯独立后的第一部宪法，规定俄罗斯是共和制的民主联邦法制国家，确立了总统制的国家领导体制。这样的制度移植在与本土政治、经济和文化传统碰撞、融合过程中又不可避免地产生出自己的特点，如超级总统制、有限的联邦制、政权党，等。AfterSovietUniondisintegrates,Russiahascarriedoncomplexandtheprofoundtransformation,establishedtakepresidentastheheadofstate,thecabinethasbeen

responsiblefor,theseparationofpowers,thelocalself-governmentpoliticssystemfortheparliament,hasformedpresidenttherepublicansystemdemocraticfederationcountry.OnDecember12,1993votedJapaneconomy(stock)allthepeoplepasses,onDecember25officiallybecameeffectiveinthesameyear.AfterthisconstitutionistheRussianindependencefirstconstitution,stipulatedRussiaistherepublicansystemdemocraticfederationstatewithanadequatelegalsystem,hasestablishedthepresidentialsystemnational

leadershipsystem.Suchsystemtransplantinwiththenativeplacepolitics,theeconomicalandintheculturaltraditioncollision,thefusionprocesstheinevitablerealestategivesbirthowncharacteristic,likesuperpresidentialsystem,limitedfederalsystem,politicalpowerparty,andsoon.2021/5/924RUSSIANCULTURE战斗民族的文化2021/5/925LITERATURE(文学)

LEOTOLSTOY（列夫托尔斯泰）ISONEOFRUSSIA’SGREATNOVELISTS.ONEOFHISMOSTFAMOUSNOVELS,WARANDPEACE（战争与和平）(1869),SHOWEDDEEPCONCERNFORMORALISSUESANDFORTHEWELFAREOFTHERUSSIANPEOPLE.2021/5/926RELIGION（信仰）BYFAR,THEMOSTCOMMOMRELIGIONINRUSSIAISORTHODOXCHRISTIANITY(东正教)THISISTHEEASTERNBRANCHOFCHRISTIANITYTHATSPREADTORUSSIAINTHE900’SANDBECAMETHESTATERELIGION.2021/5/927CUSTOMS(习俗）RUSSIAUSEFULBREAD(面包)ANDSALT（盐）TOMEETTHEHONOREDGUESTHABIT.WITHBRADANDSALTRESPECTIONGUESTS,BECAUSESALTINHISTORYISVERYEXPENSIVE,HASFOLLOWEDSOFAR,SAYTOTHEHONOREDGUESTFRIENDLYANDRESPECT.2021/5/928RUSSIANMILITARY俄罗斯军事2021/5/929

AFTERYEARSOFREFORM,SEVERALLARGE-SCALERUSSIANMILITARYDISARMAMENT,THERUSSIANARMEDFORCESHASBEENCHANGINGTHESTRENGTHOFTHECASE,THROUGHTHEPUBLICMEDIAMATERIALSSTATISTICS,THELATESTRUSSIANMILITARYSTRENGTHIS:PERSONNELSTRENGTHOFAPPROXIMATELY1,132,000SOLDIERS,867,000CIVILIANPERSONNEL.RUSSIANARMEDFORCESSYSTEMCONSISTSOFTHREEMILITARYSERVICES(ARMY,AIRFORCE,NAVY),3ARMS(STRATEGICROCKETTROOPS,AEROSPACEDEFENSE,AIRBORNE)COMPOSEDOFTHEFOLLOWING,ACCORDINGTOTHEORDEROFTHEBRANCHESOFTHEMILITARY,THELATESTRUSSIANMILITARYSTRENGTHTOBEBRIEF.

2021/5/930

RUSSIANARMYGENERAL（俄陆军概况）

ARMYHEADQUARTERSINMOSCOW,THECURRENTCOMMANDERNIKOLAIZAITSEVCOLEMILIGENERAL,THETOTALNUMBEROFABOUT32.2MILLIONPEOPLE,ARMSOFTHEARMYISFORMEDWITHMOTORIZEDINFANTRY,TANKCREWS,ARTILLERYANDROCKETTROOPS,ARMEDFORCES,AIRDEFENSE,SPECIALFORCESCONSTITUTINGACAR,RECONNAISSANCE,COMMUNICATIONS,RADIO-ELECTRONICWARFAREUNITS,NBCPROTECTIONFORCES(THREEANTI-MILITARY),SECURITYFORCESLOGISTICS,TECHNICALSUPPORTFORCES.RUSSIANFEDERATIONARMEDFORCESARMYMILITARYORGANIZATIONEXISTINGSIX,NINECORPS,ANARMY,STRENGTHENTHEREGION,MILITARYINSTITUTIONS,ENTERPRISES,ORGANIZATIONSDIRECTLYUNDERTHECENTRALFORCES.2021/5/931

RUSSIANAIRFORCEGENERAL（俄空军概况）

AIRFORCEHEADQUARTERSINTHEOUTSKIRTSOFMOSCOW"RAYS"TOWN,THECURRENTCOMMANDERVLADIMIRMIKHAILOVGENERAL,ABOUT18MILLIONPE