河南省郑州市2022-2023学年高二上学期2月期末英语试题【含答案 解析】

第1页/共1页高二英语注意事项：本试卷分四部分，考试时间120分钟，满分150分。考生应首先阅读答题卡上的文字信息，然后在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上作答无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheweather?A.Nice.B.Warm.C.Cold.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inahospital.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inamuseum.3.Whatwillthemando?A.Goshopping.B.Attendameeting.C.Talkaboutthefilm.4.Whatisthegirl’sopinionaboutthecourse?A.Toodifficult.B.Veryeasy.C.Worthtaking.5.WhatdoesRosaaskJacktodo?A.Thinkabouthimself.B.Turnofftheradio.C.Apologizetoher.第二节(共15小题;每小题15分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.HowmanyyearshadJamesrunhisbusiness?A.10.B.13.C.15.7.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutJames’situation?A.Concerned.B.Embarrassed.C.Disappointed.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Schoolmates.C.Neighbors.9.WhatdoesFrankplantodorightaftergraduation?A.Starthisownbusiness.B.Workasaprogrammer.C.Travelaroundtheworld.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A.Tobookahotelroom.B.Toaskabouttheroomservice.C.Tomakechangestoareservation.11.Whenwillthewomanarriveatthehotel?A.OnSeptember15th.B.OnSeptember16th.C.OnSeptember23rd.12.Howmuchwillthewomanpayforherroompernight?A.$179.B.$199.C.$219.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whydoesthemanseldomdoexercise?A.Helacksmotivation.B.Heworksallthetime.C.Hehasaheartproblem.14.WhatdoesJacobSattelmairprobablydo?A.Aresearcher.B.Anathlete.C.Adoctor.15.Whydoesthewomanspeakofastudy?A.Torecommendanexercise.B.Tosupportherrecentfindings.CTopersuadethemantoexercise.16.Howlongwillthemanprobablyexerciseaweek?A.300minutes.B.150minutes.C.60minutes.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatpercentageoftheworld’steaexportgoestoBritain?A.Almost15%.B.About30%.C.Over40%.18.Whydoteatasterstasteteawithmilk?A.Teawithmilkishealthy.B.Teatastesmuchbetterwithmilk.C.MostBritishpeopledrinkteathatway.19.Whosuggestsapriceforeachtea?A.Teaexporters.B.Teatasters.C.Teacompanies.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Thelifeofteatasters.B.AfternoonteainBritainC.TheLondonTeaTradeCentre.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAmazingTrainRidesTakingatraininthewinterisfun.Themountainsturnfromgreentowhite.andyoucanenjoythemonthejourney.Nowmanyholiday-themedtrainsaddfun.Allaboard!●AuroraWinterTrain:AlaskaThisseasonalscenictrainthatheadsnorthfromAnchorageispopular.FromtheWinterTrainyou'llseeasnow-whiteDenali,America'stallestpeak(山峰)-andwithanyluck,atracksidemoose(驼鹿).YoucangetoffthetrainafterthreehoursatTalkeetnatoskiinDenaliorcontinueonforanotherninehourstoFairbanksforsomenorthernlightsviewing.There'refewbetterplaces,asFairbanksisAmerica'snorthernmostcity.●TheSkiTrain,ColoradoTheSkiTrainisajoyfulrideevenfornon-skiers.TherideconnectsDenver's1914Beaux-ArtsstationwiththeWinterParkskiarea.Oneminuteyou'reindowntownDenver'sBeaux-ArtsUnionStationandtwohourslateryou'resteppingoffthetrain.100feetfromaWinterParkskilift.Whatawonderfulrideitis!●AmtrakCaliforniaZephyr:ChicagotoSanFranciscoLong-distancetraintravelersadorewestwindinanyseason,butwinteraddstheappealofsugarysnowoutsidethewindowasyoutravelovertheRockiesandSierras.DepartingdailyallwinterfrombothChicagoandSanFrancisco,the51-hourjourneyoffershotel-levelserviceinabedroom.Oryoucanbreakupthetripwithstopstosleep(andski)inDenverorSaltLakeCity.●Canyon&Christmastrains:ArizonaSnowbirds"whoescapetheMidwestcoldinDecemberbyflyingtoArizonawishformemoriesofaChristmasawayfromthedesert.WithashortdrivefromPhoenixtoClarkdale(nearSedona).they'llseesmallpinesandredrockhillswhilehuggingtheVerdeRiveronthefour-hourVerdeCanyontraininindoorandopen-aircars.1.WhatshouldyoudoifyougotoFairbanksfromAnchoragetoseenorthernlights?A.ChangetrainsinDenali. B.Takea12-hourtrainride.C.Climboverthetallestpeak. D.Travelthroughamoosefarm.2.Onwhichridecanyouenjoycomfortableaccommodation?A.AuroraWinterTrain. B.TheSkiTrain.C.AmtrakCaliforniaZephyr. D.Canyon﹠Christmastrains.3.Whatisthesimilarityofthefourwintertrainrides?A.Theyareallavailableduringthewholeyear.B.Theyareintendedforyoungtravelenthusiasts.C.Theyofferthepassengersgoodchancesofskiing.D.Theyprovideaccesstowintersceneryontheway.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了四条不可思议的冬季火车路线。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据AuroraWinterTrainAlaska中“ThisseasonalscenictrainthatheadsnorthfromAnchorageispopular.”及“YoucangetoffthetrainafterthreehoursatTalkeetnatoskiinDenaliorcontinueonforanotherninehourstoFairbanksforsomenorthernlightsviewing.”可知,从安克雷奇到费尔班克斯看北极光需要乘坐12个小时的火车，故B项正确。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据AmtrakCaliforniaZephyr:ChicagotoSanFrancisco中“DepartingdailyallwinterfrombothChicagoandSanFrancisco,the51-hourjourneyoffershotel-levelserviceinabedroom.”可知,你可以在加州清风号上享受到酒店级的住宿，故C项正确。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Themountainsturnfromgreentowhite,andyoucanenjoythemonthejourney.”及接下来的介绍可知,这四条火车路线的相似之处是它们都可让人们沿途享受美丽的冬景，故D项正确。BWeneverknewwhymyfathertookoverstorytellingforhisthreelittlegirls,butwealwayssuspectedthatitwastosaveusfromSleepingBeauty.WaltDisney’smasterworkhitthebigsuburbanscreensin1959withamessageforgirlsasvividasitswidescreenTechnirama:Ifyou’reprettyenough,aprincewillrescueyou.Myfatherinventedaseriesofbedtimestoriesfeaturingthreeprincesseswhohappenedtobejustouragesandevenlookedlikeus.Forsomereason,thegrownupswereneveraroundwhendangerstruck.So,nightafternight,itwasuptothethreesisterstosavethevillage,whichtheyalwaysmanagedtodojustaboutthetimethatoneofusfellasleep.Itdidoccurtousthatthisvillagewaseitherhighlyunfortunateoritsadultswereincrediblyclumsy(笨拙的)thatsomuchfelltotheselittlegirls.Wesawthatourparentswantedustobestrong.Thesegirlsdidn’tneedtoberescued.Theywerewatchful,wise,andbold.Thatwasenough.Buthowtocarrythisstorylineintolifewasnotobvious.Inmyearlyexperience,womenwerejustbeginningtobeadmittedtowhathadbeenmen-onlycolleges,andteachingjobsfollowed.Ilovedtotellmynetworkaboutthewelcomedinnerfornewgraduatestudentsinthevast,candlelithall.Isatnexttothedean(教务长)ofthegraduateschool,whosefirstwordstomewere:“Idon’tknowwhythegraduateschoolisnowadmittingwomen.You’llalljustgetmarried,havebabies,andyoureducationwillbewasted.”Afterafewdaystorecover,Ibegantotellfriendsthisstoryandfoundtheirlaughterandsupportencouraging.Soon,Icollectedmanysuchstories.Then,oneofthemhithard.AcolleagueItrustedtriedtopersuademetoquitteaching,because“Ifyoudon’tleavepoliticalscience,you’llloseeverythingtypicalofwomenaboutyou”.Ilaughed.Whilelosingsomeoneelse’sideaoffemininity(女性气质)mighthaveseemedagreatloss,losingweaknesssurelywasnot!Thepowerofthatpromisesupportedme.Itaughtpoliticalscienceforsevenmoreyearswithagreatsenseofappreciationfortheopportunity,untiltakingupajobasajournalist,whichIlovedmore.Stillwaitingforaprince?Beone!4.Whydidthefathercreatebedtimestoriesforhisthreelittlegirls?A.Tohelpthemfallasleep. B.Tomaketheirlifecolorful.C.Toencouragethemtobestrong. D.Togettheminterestedinstories.5.Whatwasthedean’sattitudetowardswomen’shighereducation?A.Unsupportive. B.Positive. C.Objective. D.Unclear6.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthormostagreewith?A.Womenandmenshouldbeequalineverything.B.Womenshouldn’tbelabeledasweakatalltimes.C.Itisjustawasteoftimeforwomentogotocollege.D.Womenshouldgiveupeverythingtohavefemininity.7.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressthroughthispassage?A.Greatmindsthinkalike. B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.CNeverjudgeabookbyitscover. D.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了父亲为了鼓励三个女儿坚强勇敢、自强独立而给她们编了一系列睡前故事来教导她们。作者也因此受到父亲影响，接受高等教育，从教政治学以及新闻工作等，活出了女性的精彩而不是被对女性的偏见所束缚。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Myfatherinventedaseriesofbedtimestoriesfeaturingthreeprincesseswhohappenedtobejustouragesandevenlookedlikeus.Forsomereason,thegrownupswereneveraroundwhendangerstruck.So,nightafternight,itwasuptothethreesisterstosavethevillage,whichtheyalwaysmanagedtodojustaboutthetimethatoneofusfellasleep.(我父亲发明了一系列睡前故事，讲的是三位公主，她们恰好和我们年龄相仿，甚至长得像我们。出于某种原因，当危险来临时，大人们总是不在场。所以，夜复一夜，只能靠三姐妹来拯救村子了，她们总是在我们其中一个睡着的时候成功拯救村子)”，根据此故事内容以及第三段“Wealsosawthatourparentswantedustobestrong.(我们也看到我们的父母希望我们变强大)”，再结合下文作者接受高等教育，从教政治学以及新闻工作等经历可知作者变得独立自强，而这得益于父亲以前通过给她编故事进行教导。由此可以推断，父亲以前给他三个女儿编睡前故事是为了鼓励女儿要变得强大。故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Isatnexttothedeanofthegraduateschool,whosefirstwordstomewere:“Idon’tknowwhythegraduateschoolisnowadmittingwomen.You’llalljustgetmarried,havebabies,andyoureducationwillbewasted.”(我坐在研究生院院长旁边，他对我说的第一句话是：我不知道为什么研究生院现在招收女生。你们都会结婚生子，你们的教育就白费了)”可知，这位院长对作者第一句话就是“我不知道为什么研究生院现在招收女生。你们都会结婚生子，你们的教育就白费了”，话语间体现的是对女性受高等教育的不支持。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whilelosingsomeoneelse’sideaoffemininitymighthaveseemedagreatloss,losingweaknesssurelywasnot!Thepowerofthatpromisesupportedme.(虽然失去别人对（我）女性特质的看法可能是一个巨大的损失，但失去别人对（我）软弱的看法绝对不是（损失）！这个承诺的力量支撑着我)”可知，作者认为失去别人对自己女性特质的看法（让别人认为自己没有女性特质），可能会是很大的损失，但失去别人对自己软弱的看法（让别人觉得自己不软弱）绝对不是损失。由此可推断作者认为女性并不应该就是软弱的，不应该给女性贴上软弱的标签。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whilelosingsomeoneelse’sideaoffemininitymighthaveseemedagreatloss,losingweaknesssurelywasnot!Thepowerofthatpromisesupportedme.(虽然失去别人对（我）女性特质的看法可能是一个巨大的损失，但失去别人对（我）软弱的看法绝对不是（损失）！这个承诺的力量支撑着我)”以及全文作者讲到的一系列关于女性被以偏见待之，以及作者想表达的女性要独立自强、女性也可以强大的观点可知，C项“不要以貌取人”的说法最能总结描述这篇文章。故选C。CSupposethatwelinedupabout14millionUnitedStatesbusinessesinorderofsize,startingwiththesmallest,alonganimaginaryroadfromSanFranciscotoNewYork.Therewillbe4,500businessestothemileoralittlelessthanoneperfoot.Supposefurtherthatweplantedaflagforeachbusiness.Theheightoftheflagpolerepresentstheyearlyvolume(额)ofsales—each$10000insalesisshownbyonefootofpole.Thelineofflagpolesisaveryinterestingsight.FromSanFranciscotoaboutReno,itisalmostunnoticeable,arowofpolesaboutafoothigh.FromRenoeastward,thepolesincreaseinheightuntil,nearColumbus,Ohio—about4/5ofthewayacrossthenation-flagsflyabout10feetintheair.Butasweapproachtheeasternterminus(终点),thepolessuddenlybegintorise.Thereareabout300,000firmsinthecountrywithsalesover$500,000.Thesefirmstakeupthelast75milesofthe3,000-mileroad.Thereare200,000firmswithsalesover$1million.Theytakeupthelast50miles.Thenthereare1,000firmswithsalesof$50millionormore.Theytakeupthelastquarterofamilebeforethecitylimits,flagsflyingatcloudheight,5,000feetup.AttheverygateofNewYork,onthelast100feetofthelastmile,wefindthe100largestindustrialfirms.Theyhavesalesofatleast$1.5billion,sothattheirflagsarealreadymileshigh.Alongthelast10feetoftheroad,thereare10largestcompanies.Theirsalesareabout$10billionandup:theirflagsfly190milesintheair.8.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthistext?A.ToillustratethesizeoftheUSbusinesses.B.ToshowthelocationsoftheUSbusinesses.C.ToexplainthelargestfirmsareinNewYork.D.TodescribehowtheUSbusinessesarearranged.9.Whydoestheauthormentionthelineofflagpoles?ATosupportanidea. B.Todescribeafact.C.Tomakeacomparison. D.Tointroduceatopic.10.Whichpartoftheroadhasthelargesttotalvolumeofsales?A.Thelast50miles. B.Thelastquarterofamile.C.Thelast75miles. D.Thelast100feetofthelastmile.11.WhichdiagramshowstherightsizeorderoftheUSbusinessesbasedonsales?(S=SanFrancisco;R=Reno;C=Columbus;N=NewYork;H=Height;F=Feet)A. B.C. D.【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国企业的规模，分布情况及收入情况。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Supposethatwelinedupabout14millionUnitedStatesbusinessesinorderofsize,startingwiththesmallest,alonganimaginaryroadfromSanFranciscotoNewYork.Therewillbe4,500businessestothemileoralittlelessthanoneperfoot.(假设我们按照规模排列了大约1400万家美国企业，从最小的开始，沿着一条想象中的从旧金山到纽约的道路。一英里内将有4500家企业，或者每英尺不到一家)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是为了说明美国企业的规模。故选A项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Supposefurtherthatweplantedaflagforeachbusiness.Theheightoftheflagpolerepresentstheyearlyvolume(额)ofsales—each$10000insalesisshownbyonefootofpole.(进一步假设我们为每一项业务插上一面旗帜。旗杆的高度代表年销售额，每10000美元的销售额由旗杆的一英尺表示)”和第三段关键句“Thelineofflagpolesisaveryinterestingsight.FromSanFranciscotoaboutReno,itisalmostunnoticeable,arowofpolesaboutafoothigh.(旗杆的排列是一个非常有趣的景象。从旧金山到里诺，几乎看不到，有一排大约一英尺高的柱子)”可知，作者用旗杆的高度代表年销售额，以这种方式介绍了不同地区企业的年销售额情况。由此推知，作者提到了旗杆的排列是为了描述企业年销售额的事实。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Butasweapproachtheeasternterminus(终点),thepolessuddenlybegintorise.Thereareabout300,000firmsinthecountrywithsalesover$500,000.Thesefirmstakeupthelast75milesofthe3,000-mileroad.(但当我们接近东部终点时，柱子突然开始上升。全国约有30万家公司，销售额超过50万美元。这些公司占据了3000英里道路的最后75英里)”可知，道路的最后75英里的总销额最大。故选C项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“FromSanFranciscotoaboutReno,itisalmostunnoticeable,arowofpolesaboutafoothigh.(从旧金山到里诺，几乎看不到，有一排大约一英尺高的柱子)”、第三段关键句“FromRenoeastward,thepolesincreaseinheightuntil,nearColumbus,Ohio—about4/5ofthewayacrossthenation-flagsflyabout10feetintheair.(从里诺向东，柱子的高度不断增加，直到俄亥俄州哥伦布附近，大约4/5的地方国旗在大约10英尺的高空飘扬)”和第四段关键句“Theytakeupthelastquarterofamilebeforethecitylimits,flagsflyingatcloudheight,5,000feetup.(他们占据了城市边界前的最后四分之一英里，旗帜在5000英尺高空的云层中飘扬)”可知，从旧金山到里诺，旗帜在大约一英尺高的地方，从里诺到俄亥俄州哥伦布，旗帜升到10英尺的地方，到终点纽约时，旗帜升到5000英尺高。由此可知，B项图表显示了美国企业基于销售额的正确规模顺序。故选B项。DInFrankSchätzing’s2004novelTheSwarm(《群》),sealifedevelopsacollectivemindofitsown.Whalesbandtogethertoattackships,whilegroupsofjellyfish(水母)swallowtheshores.It’sasifoceancreaturesdecidedtojointlyfighthumanitytotrytogetbacktheirenvironment.Scientistssaythatthissceneisn’tmadeup.Animalsdomoveingroupsgovernedbythecollective.Thinkofaflockofbirdsalineofants,agroupoffish—allcrowdslikethoseimaginedbySchätzing,ifnotquiteasdeadly.“Animalsregulatethesevastcollectivestructureswithoutanyleadership,withoutanyindividualanimalknowingthewholestateofthesystem,”saysNicholasOuelletteanengineer.“Andyetitworksfantasticallywell.”DeborahGordon,abiologist,studieshowantsmakecollectivedecisions,suchaswhenandwheretohuntforfood.Aredharvestersettlementtypicallyhassomehunterswaitinginthenestwhileothershuntout.StudyingtheseantsinNewMexico,Gordonshowedthattheyleavethenestataratedeterminedbyhowoftenhuntersreturnwithfood.Themorefoodisavailablethemoreoftenhuntersreturntothenest;thisstartsmoreantsleavingthenest.Butiflittlefoodisavailable,theprocesswillthrottledown.WorkingwithcomputerscientistBalajiPrabhakar,GordonfoundthatinformationflowingamongtheantswassimilartothewaytheInternetprotocols(协议)regulatetherateofdatatransportdependingonhowmuchbandwidth(宽带)isavailable.Thescientistsnamedthisnaturallyproducedalgorithm(算法)the“Anternet”.TheAnternetinformationseemstohelpthesettlementtosearchefficiently.Studiesofcollectivebehaviourinbirds,antsandfishhavemeaningsforhumans.Engineerscantakelessonsfromanimalsthatswarmeffectivelytogethertobuildbetterswarmsofsmallrobots.Andunderstandinghowantscollectivelyadapttochangesintheirnetwork,suchaswhenatreeblowsdown,couldhelpresearchersdevelopflexiblerulesforrobotsworkinginanunfamiliarenvironmentsuchasinaburningbuilding.“That’salessorforengineering,”Gordonsays.12.WhydoesthewriterdescribethesceneofTheSwarm?A.Towarnpeopleofthedangerofsealife. B.Torecommendthespecialnoveltoreaders.C.Toprovehumandamagetotheenvironment. D.Tostresstheeffectofanimalgroupbehavior.13.Theunderlinedpart“throttledown”inparagraph3probablymeans“______”.A.godown B.slowdown C.breakdown D.setdown14.WhatcanbeknownabouttheAnternet?A.It’saflexibleproblem-solvingrule. B.It’samethodofantsfindingwayhome.C.It’saflowofdataaboutInternetprotocols. D.It’sanettocollectinformationamongants.15.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.ObservingnatureforinterestingengineeringB.Adaptingtothechangeoftheanimals’habitatsC.LearningfromthecollectivewisdomofanimalsD.Understandingthevariousbehavioursofanimals【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了动物确实是在集体统治下群居活动的，科学家对动物群居的研究有助于吸取经验教训，有效地聚集在一起，建造更好的小型机器人群。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“InFrankSchätzing’s2004novelTheSwarm(《群》),sealifedevelopsacollectivemindofitsown.Whalesbandtogethertoattackships,whilegroupsofjellyfish(水母)swallowtheshores.It’sasifoceancreaturesdecidedtojointlyfighthumanitytotrytogetbacktheirenvironment.(在弗兰克Schätzing2004年的小说《群》中，海洋生物形成了自己的集体意识。鲸鱼聚集在一起攻击船只，而成群的水母吞噬海岸。这就好像海洋生物决定联合起来对抗人类，试图恢复它们的环境)”可知，动物聚在一起可能产生大的影响，似乎要和人类对抗。由此推知，作者描写TheSwarm的场景是为了强调动物群体行为的影响。故选D。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Themorefoodisavailablethemoreoftenhuntersreturntothenest;thisstartsmoreantsleavingthenest.(食物越多，猎人返回巢穴的频率就越高；这使得更多的蚂蚁离开巢穴)”以及“Butiflittlefoodisavailable,theprocess”中but表示转折，可知，食物越多，猎人返回巢穴的频率就越高；这使得更多的蚂蚁离开巢穴。但如果食物不足，这个过程就会减慢。故画线词意思是“减慢”。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“WorkingwithcomputerscientistBalajiPrabhakar,GordonfoundthatinformationflowingamongtheantswassimilartothewaytheInternetprotocols(协议)regulatetherateofdatatransportdependingonhowmuchbandwidth(宽带)isavailable.Thescientistsnamedthisnaturallyproducedalgorithm(算法)the“Anternet”.TheAnternetinformationseemstohelpthesettlementtosearchefficiently.(戈登与计算机科学家BalajiPrabhakar合作，发现蚂蚁之间的信息流动类似于互联网协议根据可用带宽来调节数据传输速率的方式。科学家们将这种自然产生的算法命名为“Anternet”。Anternet信息似乎有助于解决高效搜索问题)”可知，Anternet是一个灵活的解决问题的规则。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Studiesofcollectivebehaviourinbirds,antsandfishhavemeaningsforhumans.Engineerscantakelessonsfromanimalsthatswarmeffectivelytogethertobuildbetterswarmsofsmallrobots.(研究鸟类、蚂蚁和鱼类的集体行为对人类有意义。工程师可以从动物身上吸取经验教训，有效地聚集在一起，建造更好的小型机器人群)”结合文章主要说明了动物确实是在集体统治下群居活动的，科学家对动物群居的研究有助于吸取经验教训，有效地聚集在一起，建造更好的小型机器人群。可知，这篇文章主要讲了从动物的集体智慧中学习。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manypeoplemightfeellostduringamajortransition(转折)inlife.Lifecoaching,however,isthebestchoiceforanyonewhoislookingforwaystogetthroughthetoughpathoflife.—___16___Somelifecoachesmightfocusonlyoncertaintypesofsituations,likeadvancingcareers,whileothersmaybewillingtohelpwithnearlyanylifetransition.Alifecoachwilloftenactasanadvisorforhisclients(客户).___17___Manytimes,hewillalsobeabletolookataclient’slifewithnfaireyeandofterfreshideasoncertainsituations.Indoingso,thelifecoachwillusuallybeabletohelphisclientworkthroughanyproblemshemayface.___18___Duringthisinterview,thelifecoachshouldfindoutwhattheclient’swants,needsandgoalsareinlife.Howtohelpeachclientisdifferenttoeveryone,anditisaveryindividualizedprocess.___19___Becauseofthis,alifecoachmustdevelopplansbasedoneachclient’sstrengths,weaknesses,abilitiesandsoon.Alifecoachwillalsousuallytakeeachclient’smoralsandvaluesintoconsideration.Somelifecoachesmaybeabletofindemploymentwithafewselectuniversitiesandcorporations.Therearealsoahandfuloflargelifecoachingfirmsthathirelifecoachesaswell.Themajorityoflifecoaches,however,workforthemselves,openingtheirownlifecoachingpractices.___20___A.Methodsthatworkforoneclientmaynotworkforanother.B.Agoodlifecoachshouldtrytosatisfyalltheneedsofhisclients.C.Heisoftenexpectedtolistencloselytotheirconcernsandproblems.D.Beforealifecoachcanhelpaclient,hefirstneedsanin-depthinterview.E.Lifecoachesofferguidancetoalltypesofpeopleindifferentstagesoftheirlives.F.Insomecases,lifecoachesmayworktogetherandofferawiderrangeofservices.G.Generally,therearenostricteducationrequirementsforstartingalifecoachingcareer.【答案】16.E17.C18.D19.A20.F【解析】【分析】文本是一篇说明文。主要讲述不同类型的人生导师如何为客户工作的。【16题详解】根据后句Somelifecoachesmightfocusonlyoncertaintypesofsituations,likeadvancingcareers,whileothersmaybewillingtohelpwithnearlyanylifetransition.两类不同的人生导师可知，生活导师为不同阶段的各类人提供指导。故选E。【17题详解】根据前句Alifecoachwilloftenactasanadvisorforhisclients(客户).和后句Manytimes,hewillalsobeabletolookataclient’slifewithafaireyeandofferfreshideasoncertainsituations.可知，人生导师是客户的顾问，其后叙述人生导师是如何为客户服务的。故选C。【18题详解】根据后句Duringthisinterview,thelifecoachshouldfindoutwhattheclient’swants,needsandgoalsareinlife.中关键词thisinterview可知，在生活导师帮助客户之前，他首先需要进行深入的面谈。故选D。【19题详解】根据前句Howtohelpeachclientisdifferenttoeveryone,anditisaveryindividualizedprocess.和后句Becauseofthis,alifecoachmustdevelopplansbasedoneachclient’sstrengths,weaknesses,abilitiesandsoon.可知，生活导师必须根据每个客户的优点、缺点、能力等等制定计划，说明用在一个客户的方法可能不适用于另外一个客户。故选A。【20题详解】根据前面两句Therearealsoahandfuloflargelifecoachingfirmsthathirelifecoachesaswell.Themajorityoflifecoaches,however,workforthemselves,openingtheirownlifecoachingpractices.可知，大多数生活导师，而是为自己工作，开启自己的实战指导，说明在某种程度上，两个或两个以上的生活导师可以一起工作，提供更广泛的服务。故选G。【点睛】七选五题型解题技巧之定位选项。首先明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。例如小题3中根据后句Duringthisinterview,thelifecoachshouldfindoutwhattheclient’swants,needsandgoalsareinlife.，抓住关键词interview，与选择项中Beforealifecoachcanhelpaclient,hefirstneedsanin-depthinterview.所表达的内容是相同的，其衔接是一致的，从而选出答案。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Bydayacleaner,bynightanartist,whichisthedailyroutinefora56-year-oldwoman,WangLiuyun.From7a.m.to7p.m.,shesweepsthefloors,____21____rubbishbinsandcleansrestrooms.Afterwork,shefocusesonheroilpaintings____22____theoutdoorsinasmallroomwhereshelivesand____23____herworkequipment.“Paintingfeedsmy____24____,whilethecleaningjobhelpsmakeendsmeet,”shesays.In2016,sheheardofa____25____paintingcourseinShuangxiancienttownFujianprovince.WangLiuyun,afarmerthen,knewthatitwastimeto____26____herlife.Sheleftherhomeandstartedaweek’sstudyatacharityprogram____27____byartistLinZhenglu.“____28____paints,brushesandcanvas(油画布)forfree,____29____toldmetopaintwhateverIwanted.Onthefourthday,Ifinishedmy_____30_____picture,showingaspringtimesceneinthetown,”Wangsays.Shecompletedanothertwopaintingsonthefifthandsixthdays.“ThoughLinkeptsayingIhada_____31_____forlandscapepainting,Ididn’tbelievethat,”Wang_____32_____,“Mythreepaintingsweresold,eachfor150yuan,whichincreasedmy_____33_____,andIbegantotakepainting_____34_____.”WangwasonceattractedbyDwellingintheFuchunMountains(《富春山居图》),afamouslandscapepainting_____35_____byHuangGongwangintheYuanDynasty.SheevenwenttotheMountainsinZhejiangtoappreciatethe_____36_____butfoundthattheMountainswerenotso_____37_____asthatinthepainting.“ItwasatthatmomentthatIrealizedwhatHuangpaintedwasasceneinhisdream,”Wangsays.Itisalso_____38_____shehasbeenattractedbypainting,whichsheseesasanescapefrom_____39_____andatooltohelppeopletoheal(疗伤).I_____40_____inthedirt,butIpaintintheclouds,”shesays.21A.covers B.empties C.pours D.handles22.A.copying B.affecting C.describing D.approaching23.A.repairs B.arranges C.collects D.keeps24.A.soul B.desire C.family D.leisure25.A.necessary B.common C.free D.useful26.A.adjust B.restart C.design D.consider27.A.committed B.acknowledged C.launched D.approved28.A.Taking B.Showing C.Obtaining D.Providing29.A.teachers B.programmers C.advocates D.participants30.A.first B.rewarding C.original D.formal31.A.tendency B.preference C.characteristic D.talent32.A.claims B.recalls C.imagines D.concludes33.A.happiness B.expense C.confidence D.motivation34.A.seriously B.personally C.normally D.naturally35.A.praised B.created C.appreciated D.discovered36.A.peak B.position C.painting D.scenery37.A.practical B.peaceful C.splendid D.high38.A.when B.why C.how D.where39.A.reality B.sadness C.ease D.responsibility40.A.findaway B.makeadifference C.setanexample D.earnaliving【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.C26.B27.C28.D29.A30.A31.D32.B33.C34.A35.B36.D37.C38.B39.A40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是56岁的WangLinyun白天做清洁晚上绘画的生活。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从早上7点到晚上7点，她扫地、倒垃圾桶、打扫厕所。A.covers覆盖；包含；B.empties倒空；C.pours倾泻；D.handles处理。根据空前“shesweepsthefloors,”以及“____1____rubbishbinsandcleansrestrooms.”可知此处指老人打扫完卫生后倒垃圾箱。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：下班后，她在自