新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程BookI-Unit7-B-Rays-of-hope-in-rising-rudeness课件

Tobeathomewithanewreadingskill--findingoutwordmeaningsTodecodeTextBthrough“findingoutwordmeanings”ToderiveknowledgefromTextBTolearnhowtocopewithbadbehaviorsoncampusTeachingObjectivesWarming-UpActivitiesTextBDecoding(T-Decoding)KnowledgeDeriving(K-Deriving)FurtherDevelopmentContentsCulturalBackgroundTopic-centeredStudyofNewWordsSpotDictationWarming-upActivitiesK-DerivingFurtherDev.T-DecodingCulturalBackgroundRandomActsofKindnessFoundation(1/2)

TheRandomActsofKindnessFoundation(随机善举基金会)wasestablishedin1995.Itisanon-profitorganizationfoundeduponthepowerfulbeliefinkindness.Itisdedicatedtoprovidingresourcesandtoolsthatencourageactsofkindness.TheFoundationinspirespeopletopracticekindnessandtopassitontoothers.K-DerivingFurtherDev.T-DecodingWordStudySpotDictationJotterCulturalBackgroundRandomActsofKindnessFoundation(2/2)

Itprovidesfreeeducationalandcommunityideas,guidance,andotherresourcestokindnessparticipantsthroughitswebsite.TheFoundationbelievesthatwhenkindnessisexpressed,healthyrelationshipsarecreated,communityconnectionsarenourished,andpeopleareinspiredtopasskindnesson.K-DerivingFurtherDev.T-DecodingWordStudySpotDictationJotter随意的random无知的抵抗的resistantignorant急脾气shorttemper盛行(v.)可耻的敌对的冒犯的抱怨讨厌的人/事后果prevaildisgracefulhostileoffensivecomplaintnuisanceConsequences遇到(v.)攻击目标可能原因encountertargetPossiblecauses打扰disturbance威胁(v.)侮辱(v.)恐吓(v.)虐待(v.)侮辱粗鲁行为Topic-centeredStudyofNewWordsTopic?EtiquetteProblemsK-DerivingFurtherDev.T-DecodingBackgroundSpotDictationJotterthreateninsultintimidatemistreatdespiteRudebehaviorsTopic-centeredStudyofNewWordsIknowyou’reabovemesocially,butImustsayIfindyourattitude________.Hisslowreactioninlearning,asitiscalled,makesthestudenta_________forjokes.Asnaturaldisasters________thesafetyofourcity,sodowarsendangerthepeaceofourworld.Sadtosay,hiswillfailstokeephimhighly_________totemptationaround.Atmidnight,hesteppedsilentlyoutofthedormtoprevent___________tohisroommates.threatendisturbanceoffensivetargetresistantoffensivetargetthreatenresistantdisturbanceK-DerivingFurtherDev.T-DecodingBackgroundSpotDictationJotterTopic-centeredStudyofNewWordsPeopledon’tliketoaskquestionsforfearofappearing_______.Itisreportedthathorrorstories_______amongChineseteenagers.Intheeyesofexperts,anyactionthatseems________isaresultofmind.Whatwewill___________intimetocomemaybewhatyouareignorantoftoday.Aunitedeffortisalwaysmoreeffectivethananisolated___________.encounterignorantcomplaintprevailrandomignorantprevailrandomencountercomplaintK-DerivingFurtherDev.T-DecodingBackgroundSpotDictationJotterSpotDictationPeopleusetheirmouthsformanythings.Theyeat,talk,shoutandsing.Theysmileandtheykiss.IntheEnglishlanguage,therearemany____________usingthewordmouth.Butsomeofthemarenotsonice.Forexample,ifyousaybadthingsaboutaperson,thepersonmight__________andsay“Donotbadmouthme.”Sometimes,peoplesaysomethingtoafriendorfamilymemberthattheylater________becauseithurtsthatperson’s_________.Ortheytellthepersonsomethingtheywerenot___________totell.expressionsprotestregretK-DerivingFurtherDev.T-DecodingBackgroundWordStudyJotterfeelingssupposedSpotDictationThespeakermightsay:“Ireallyputmyfootinmymouththistime.”Ifthisshouldhappen,thespeakermight____________inthemouth.________________,hemightfeelsadforsayingthewrongthing.Another___________iswhensomeonefalsely____________anotherpersonsaidsomething.Theotherpersonmightprotest:“Ididnotsaythat.Donot____________inmymouth.”feeldownInotherwordssituationclaimsputwordsK-DerivingFurtherDev.T-DecodingBackgroundWordStudyJotterTextBDecoding(T-Decoding)ReadingSkill–FindingoutwordmeaningsTextDecoding–ThroughFindingoutwordmeaningsFurtherDiscussionovertheTopicWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkill–FindingoutwordmeaningsWhenyouaremakingaguessaboutthemeaningofanewwordinyourreading,youcanturntocontextcluesforhelp.Youmightnotbeabletoguesstheexactmeaningofanewwordeverytime,butyoumaybecloseenoughtogetthemeaningofthesentencecontainingthenewword.Howtofindoutwordmeanings?Warming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.TextDecodingDiscussionJotterReadingSkill–FindingoutwordmeaningsItcanhelpfigureoutthemeaningofadifficultorunfamiliarword;Itcanhelpcomprehendthecontentofthepassage,whichinturnleadstoabetterunderstandingofthereadingmaterial.Whatcantheskill“findingoutwordmeanings”doforus?Warming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.TextDecodingDiscussionJotterClueI:SynonymsDefinition:Asynonymisawordorphrasethatmeansexactlyornearlythesameasanotherwordorphraseinthesamelanguage.

Contextclues:similarly,aswellas,both…and,andlikewiseExample:Prof.Smith’slecturesaresoriveting.Similarly,Prof.Wilson’sclassesareveryinterestingtoo.(Themeaningof

riveting

islikelytobesimilartointerestingasindicatedby

similarly

and

too.)Whatarethecontextcluestofollowtoacquiretheskill?Warming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.TextDecodingDiscussionJotterReadingSkill–FindingoutwordmeaningsClueII:AntonymsDefinition:Anantonymisawordmeaningtheoppositetoanotherword.Contextclues:however,yet,ontheotherhand,insteadof,but,while,andalthoughExample:Mysisterisextremelyneatandtidyinappearance

while

sheisslovenlyindoinghousework.(Themeaningofslovenlymustbecontrarytoneat

andtidy

asindicatedby

while.)Warming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.TextDecodingDiscussionJotterReadingSkill–FindingoutwordmeaningsClueIII:DefinitionorexplanationDefinition:Adefinitionorexplanationisaphraseorstatementgivingthemeaningofanunfamiliarword.Contextclues:be(is,are,was,were),mean,involve,becalled,i.e.,andinotherwordsExample:Thedeluge,afloodofrain,threatenedtodrownthelittletown.(Obviously,delugemeansafloodofrain.)Warming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.TextDecodingDiscussionJotterReadingSkill–FindingoutwordmeaningsClueIV:ExamplesDefinition:Examplesareinformationthatcanprovidemoredetailstohelponeinferthemeaningoftheunfamiliarword.Contextclues:such,like,suchas,andforexampleExample:Variousmeansofconveyance,forexample,cars,subways,andships,areusedworldwide.(Meansofconveyancemustrefertothingslikecars,subways,andships.)Warming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.TextDecodingDiscussionJotterReadingSkill–FindingoutwordmeaningsClueV:Rootwords,prefixes,andsuffixesRootword:Therootwordistheprimarylexicalunitofaword,andofawordfamily(rootisthencalledbaseword).Prefix:Aprefixisanaffixwhichisplacedbeforethestemofaword,suchasun-,dis-,anti-,mis-,inter-,etc.Suffix:Asuffixisanaffixwhichisplacedafterthestemofaword,suchas–ment,-less,-ness,-tion,-ism,-ful,-able,etc.Example:Sometimesthebestwaytoillustratehowtodosomethingisbycounterexample.(theprefixcounter-

means

theoppositeofsomething.)

Warming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.TextDecodingDiscussionJotterReadingSkill–FindingoutwordmeaningsInadditiontothecontextcluesabove,commonsenseandyourknowledgeabouttherealworldcanalsohelpyoudiscoverthemeaningofanewword.Example:Professorsatamajoruniversitylaunchedacampaigntotrytoeliminateoneformofcheating.(Para.4)It’scommonsensethatcheatingisbadbehavior,soprofessorssurelywanttogetridofit.Therefore,themeaningof

eliminate

mustbegetridof.

Warming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.TextDecodingDiscussionJotterReadingSkill–FindingoutwordmeaningsTextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsThroughadoptionofthewordscontrarytoeachotherinmeaning—“risingrudeness”and“raysofhope”,theauthorimpliesthatrudedeedsbecomesowidespread(i.e.risingrudeness)thattheyattractpublicattention,thusmakingitpossibletoreversethetrend(raysofhope).Whatdoesthetitleimply?Warming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotter

Asthewriter’slinearwayofthinkingimplies,thefirstparagraphnormallyservesasanintroductiontohisgeneralstatementabouthiswritingandthefirstsentenceasthetopicsentence.Ifthisisthecasewiththistext,therefore,thefirstsentencerevealsthemainideaofthewholepassage,i.e.rudenessisacommonelementofmodernlife.Nowlet’sgoonwithreadingtoseehowthewritercentershiswritingonthecommonelementofmodernlife—rudeness.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?(Para.1)Warming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotterTextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsHowtofindoutthemeaningofthephrase“lumpit”?(Para.1)

Asindicatedbythesignalwords“Or”and“Or”,thethreeexpressionsgetstrongerinthedegreeofforce.Soiftheexpression“Getoutoftheway”means“Goaway”andtheexpression“Mindyourownbusiness”means“Ignoreit”,theexpression“lumpit”,astheleastrudeoneofall,maymean“livewithit”or“putupwithit”.RemovalofbarrierstoourreadingTextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotter

Asthefirstsentenceofthisparagraphimplies,thewritermakesitthroughcitationofdiverserudepracticesinlargecities:Taxidriversdriveondespitethe“Walk”sign;sometalkloudlyonthecellphonedespiteanobviousnuisancetoothersaround;andherdsofcommuterselbowtheirwaytograbseats,intimidatingtheold,thedisabledandthepregnant.Howdoesthewritersupporthisargument?(Para.2)TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotterWhatisthemeaningoftheword“prompting”?

Asourcommonsensetellsus,anyonewhokicksyourcarusuallymakesyousoangryastoteachhimalesson.Sofromthecontextclues,weknowthatthedriver’signoranceofthe“Walk”signindrivingmadethepedestriansoangryastokickhiscar,whichinturnservedasthedirectcauseofthedriver’schase.Sothenewword“prompt”hereinmeans“makesb.dosomethingasareaction”.RemovalofbarrierstoourreadingTextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotterFromthecontextclues,wecaninferthatthepedestriankickedthecabbecauseitsdriverdroveonratherthanstopatthe“Walk”sign.Whydidthepedestriankickthetaxi?(Para.2)TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotterWhatisthemeaningofthenewwords“elbow”and“intimidate”?(Para.2)

Tothebestofourknowledgeaboutwordformation,therootwordof“intimidate”is“timid”meaning“shy”,theprefix“in-“means“cause(sb./sth.)tobeinthestateof”,andthesuffix“-ate”servesasaverb-formative.Inthatlight,theword“intimidate”isnolongerunknown,meaning“causesb.tobeinthestateofbeingshy.”RemovalofbarrierstoourreadingTextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotterWhatisthemeaningofthenewwords“elbow”and“intimidate”?(Para.2)Then,whatislikelytofrightentheold,thedisable,andthepregnant?Fromthecontextclues,weknowthatsubwaystationsarefullofcrowdsofriderseagertotakethesubway,whichisacommonsightinChina.So“elbowone’swaytograbseats”means“pushothersasidewithone’selbowssoastotakeseats”.RemovalofbarrierstoourreadingTextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotter

Fromthecontextclues,weknowthatpeople’sideasarenotcutfromthesamecloth.Someexpertsattributethetrendtopeople’sresistancetotraditionalvaluesandmanners,whereasothersascribeittothepaceofmodernlifethatistoofastforpeopletobepolitetoeachother.Whatisbehindthetrendofrisingrudeness?(Para.3)TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotterFromthecontextclues“Inasmalltown,…Inthecity,…”,weknowthatpeopleinlargecitiesareunlikelytomeetagainthepersontowhomtheyarerude.Whydopeopleinlargecitiesseemruderthanthoseinsmallertowns?(Para.3)TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotter

Asthefirstsentenceoftheparagraphimplies,stressalsocontributestothetrendofrisingrudeness.AccordingtothecounselorCindyKludt,rudenesscorrespondswiththestressofpeopleworkingunderlife-and-deathcircumstances.Thesameholdstrueformotoristsunderstress,asshowninParagraph5.Whatfactoralsofuelsthetrendofrisingrudeness?(Para.4)TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotter

Fromthecontextclues,itisclearthatpublicservantsarerudetothem,aspeoplenotice,whichinturnleadsthemtodealwiththepublicservantsinarudewayaswell,justasrudenesscutsbothways.Whyarepublicofficialsoftenthetargetofpeople’sfrustration?(Para.6)TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotterWhatisthemeaningoftheword“perceive”?(Para.6)Asourknowledgeaboutwordformationtellsus,therootoftheword“perceive”is“ceive”,whichmeans“take”andtheprefix“per-“means“through”.Sotheword“perceive”means“understand,seethrough”.RemovalofbarrierstoourreadingTextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotter

Fromthefirstsentenceoftheparagraph,weknowthatrudebehaviorisnotmerelyconfinedtorudelanguage,asshowninthetypicalexamplesherein:Awaiterwasslappedandcursedinwork;amanwasbeatenandpunchedforcomplainingtoawomanforheruseofbadlanguage;andutilityworkerssufferfrommoreandmoreviolence.Whatistheeffectofrudenessonsociallife?(Para.7)TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotter

Fromthecontextclues“Infact,…—thenormofnon-involvement”…”,weknowthatpeopletendtoavoidgettinginvolved.Whatisthepopularattitudetowardrudenessinpublic?(Para.8)TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotter

Whatisthemeaningoftheword“norm”?(Para.8)Fromthecontextclues,itisclearthat“thenorm”isanothernameof“anewpattern”.Sothemeaningoftheword“norm”issimilartothatofthe“pattern”,i.e.“thenormalorusualwayofdoingsth.”RemovalofbarrierstoourreadingTextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotter

Fromthedetailedanalysisofthewholetext,wecangraspthemodeofwritingtheauthoradoptsforhispurpose:Statement

completewithevidence(Para.1-2)+Analysesofcauseandeffect(Para.3-7)+Conclusion

withraysofhope(Para.8)TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotter1.Itisgenerallythoughtaroundtheworldthattheinhabitantsoflargecitiesareruderthantheirfellowcitizensfromsmallertownsorthecountryside.(para.2)

Inthissentence,withthehelpofourknowledgeaboutthecomparisonofsamethings,wecangraspthemeaningofinhabitant,sinceitssynonymis“fellowcitizen”.MorepracticeinhowtofindoutwordmeaningsTextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotter2.Disgracefulinsultsareshoutedandevenbottlesandtrasharethrownatroadcrewsbyupsetdriversbecauselanesarerestricted.(para.5)

Asfarasthewordformationisconcerned,therootoftheword“disgraceful”is“grace”,whichmeans“elegance”;thesuffix“-ful”means“fullofgrace”;andtheprefix“dis-”means“theoppositeofgrace”.Thus,themeaningofthenewwordis

clear,i.e.“graceless”or“unacceptable”.MorepracticeinhowtofindoutwordmeaningsTextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotter3.Staffassistantsinpublicinstitutionstellofrude,hostile,andsometimesthreateningwordsfrompeoplewhofeelgovernmentagenciesarerudeormistreatingthem.(para.6)

Inthissentence,thewords“rude,hostileandthreatening”areusedinaparallelstructure.Sothethreewordsmaybesimilartoeachotherinmeaningbutprogressiveinthedegreeofforce.Iftheword“rude”means“impolite”,theword“hostile”,asastrongeroneinthisdirectionofmeaning,maymean“unfriendly”,andtheword“threatening”,asthestrongestoneinthegroup,

maymean“harmful”.MorepracticeinhowtofindoutwordmeaningsTextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotter4.Asrudenessinpublicdealingscutsbothways,citizensperceivethatpublicservantshabituallyignorethem,andtheyinturntreatthepublicservantsinanoffensivefashion.(para.6)

Asthecontextcluesimply,rudenessinpublicdealingscutsbothways.Nowthatpublicservantsignorecitizens,thelatterinturnwoulddealwiththeformerinthesameway,i.e.inanoffensiveorrudeway.MorepracticeinhowtofindoutwordmeaningsTextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeaningsWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotterAsacommonelementofmodernlife,rudenessisontheriseinsocialcontact.Getaroundthecityandyouwillfindevidenceeverywhere.Moretaxidrivers________theircarsagainstwalkers’kneesdespitethe“Walk”signs;moresubwayriders__________orelbowtheirwaytotakeseats,intimidatingtheoldortheyoung;morecellphoneuserstalkloudly,whichhasbecomea_________tothosearound;andmorepeopleturnto____________forsolutionstoothers’complaints.

bumpcutinlinenuisanceverbalabuseSummaryofTextBWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotterWhatisbehindthetrendofrisingrudeness?Someexpertsblamepeoplefortheirresistancetotraditionalvaluesandmanners;whereasothersblamethepaceofmodernlifethatistoofastforpeopletobepolite.Stressalso____________inignorantbehavior,asrudenessor_________________oftencorrespondwithstressinhospitalsorduringdensetraffic.Andevenworse,rudebehavior_____________badlanguage.

disgracefulinsultsplaysarolegoesbeyondSummaryofTextBWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotterItsometimesturnsintoviolence.Amanwasrecentlyinjured,forexample,becausehe________________awomanforuseofdirtylanguageinherloudconversation.Despitethe_________ofnon-involvement,randomactsofkindnessinsociallifeinspirepeopletopracticekindnessandtopassitontoothers.Let’shopethisoptimisticsign__________andopensthedoortoabetterworldforusall.

complainedaboutnormprevailsSummaryofTextBWarming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillDiscussionJotterFurtherDiscussionovertheTopic

Beingpoliteandkindtootherpeoplecanimproveyourrelationshipwithothersandmakelifehappierforothersaswellasforyoubecauseitcan:•makeothersfeelgoodaboutthemselvesbecausetheyaretreatedinapoliteway;•makeyoufeelbetteraboutyourselfbecauseyoubehavenicely;Whyisitimportantforustobepoliteandkindtootherpeople?(1/2)Warming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillTextDecodingJotterFurtherDiscussionovertheTopic•makeotherslikeyoumorebecauseyouareaniceperson;•makeothersrespectyoumorebecauseyourpolitenessmakesyouarespectableperson;•bringpeopleclosertoyou,fortheywillseeyouassomeoneworthyoftheirtimeandattention.Whyisitimportantforustobepoliteandkindtootherpeople?(2/2)Warming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillTextDecodingJotterFurtherDiscussionovertheTopic

Ifeveryonewererudeanddishonest,theworldwouldbecomeaterribleplace.Peoplewouldfeelunhappyiftheyweretreatedinarudeanddishonestway.Nobodywouldtrustanyoneelse;nobodywouldhavearealfriend.Banksandcompanieswouldgooutofbusiness–whowoulddaretoputmoneyinthesebanksordobusinesswiththesecompaniesiftheyarerudeanddishonest?Withoutpolitenessandhonesty,societywouldfallapartandpeoplewouldliveachaoticandmiserablelife.Whatwouldtheworldlooklikeifeveryonewererudeanddishonest?Warming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillTextDecodingJotterFurtherDiscussionovertheTopicEveryonecandotheirsharetopromotepolitenessandunderstandingbetweenpeople.Forexample,wecan:

•smiletothepeoplewemeet.Asmileonmyfacewillmakeotherssmiletoo;•saynicewordstoothers.Nicewordsmakepeoplehappyandnice;•bereadytoofferhelp–helppeopleinneed,includingstrangers;•alwaystreatpeoplethewaywe’dliketobetreated.Ifwe’renicetoothers,theywillbenicetous.Whatcanwedotopromotepolitenessandunderstandingbetweenpeople?Warming-UpK-DerivingFurtherDev.ReadingSkillTextDecodingJotterKnowledgeDeriving(K-Deriving)Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatternsCreativeUseofLexicalCollocationsWarming-UpFurtherDev.T-DecodingExtraction&ApplicationofProductivePatternsXbelievesYisaninvitationtodo

Z.(productivepattern)X认为：Y是Z的诱因。…youwillencountertaxidriverswhobelievea“Walk”signatawalkwayisanautomaticinvitationtobumptheircarsagainstpedestrians’knees.[应用提示]用于“阐明事物的诱因”。[课文句子逆译]

……你都会遇到那种出租车司机，他们把人行通道上的“行人通行”信号当作他们去撞行人膝盖的自动邀请。(Para.2)Warming-UpFurtherDev.T-DecodingL-CollocationsJotterXbelievesYisaninvitationtodo

Z.Inthiscontext,X=sociologists;Y=money;Z=crimes;and“do”=commit社会学家认为，金钱是很多人犯罪的诱因。Sociologistsbelievethatmoneyisaninvitationformanypeopletocommitcrimes.ContextIWarming-UpFurtherDev.T-DecodingL-CollocationsJotterInthiscontext,X=peoplearoundhim;Y=hisroughbehavior;Z=lesson;and“do”=teach(him)他周围的人都认为他粗鲁的行为真想让人教训他一顿。Peoplearoundhimbelievethathisroughbehaviorisaninvitationtoteachhimalesson.ContextIIXbelievesYisaninvitationtodo

Z.Warming-UpFurtherDev.T-DecodingL-CollocationsJotterXcomeswithYandthisisbecomingstrikinglycommon.(productivepattern)X与Y相随，这成为非常普遍的现象。Rudenesscomes/correspondswithstressandthisisbecomingstrikinglycommon.[应用提示]用于“阐明事物间的关联性”。[课文句子逆译]人们因压力而变得粗鲁，这成为非常普遍的现象。(Para.5)Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatternsWarming-UpFurtherDev.T-DecodingL-CollocationsJotterInthiscontext,X=abuseofoffice;andY=moneyorsex滥用职权与钱或色为伴，这成为社会上非常普遍的现象。Abuseofofficecomeswithmoneyorsexandthisisbecomingstrikinglycommoninsociety.ContextIXcomeswithYandthisisbecomingstrikinglycommon.Warming-UpFurtherDev.T-DecodingL-CollocationsJotterInthiscontext,X=economicdevelopment;andY=environmentalpollution经济发展伴随着环境污染，这成为非常普遍的现象。Economicdevelopmentcomeswithenvironmentalpollutionandthisisbecomingstrikinglycommon.ContextIIWarming-UpFurtherDev.T-DecodingXcomeswithYandthisisbecomingstrikinglycommon.L-CollocationsJotterXisoftenthetarget/object/victimofY.(productivepattern)X经常是Y的目标。Publicofficialsareoftenthetargetofpeople’sfrustration.[应用提示]用于“阐述事物的目标”。[课文句子逆译]公共机构的工作人员常常是人们发泄不满的对象。(Para.6)Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatternsWarming-UpFurtherDev.T-DecodingL-CollocationsJotterInthiscontext,X=thelike-mindedmarriage;andY=one’spursuitoflove志同道合的婚姻是他追求爱情的目标。Thelike-mindedmarriageisthetargetofhispursuitoflove.ContextIXisoftenthetarget/object/victimofY.Warming-UpFurtherDev.T-DecodingL-CollocationsJotterInthiscontext,X=fairnessandjustice;andY=humansociety公平和正义是人类社会追求的终极目标。Fairnessandjusticeistheultimateobjectofhumansociety.ContextIIWarming-UpFurtherDev.T-DecodingL-CollocationsJotterXisoftenthetarget/object/victimofY.XinspiresYtodo

Z.

(productivepattern)X激励Y做Z。Forexample,oneinternationalorganization,theRandomActsofKindnessFoundation,inspirespeopletopracticekindnessandtopassitontoothers![应用提示]用于“阐述事物的激励作用”。[课文句子逆译]例如，一个叫“随机善举基金会”的国际组织鼓励人们行善，并把友善传递给其他人！(Para.8)Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatternsWarming-UpFurtherDev.T-DecodingL-CollocationsJotterInthiscontext,X=hisactionforjustice;Y=us;Z=justiceinsociallife;and“do”=“uphold”他的正义行为激励着我们在社会生活中主持正义，并将它传递给周围的人。Hisactionforjusticeinspiresustoupholdjusticeinsociallifeandtopassitontopeoplearound.ContextIXinspiresYtodo

Z.Warming-UpFurtherDev.T-DecodingL-CollocationsJotterInthiscontext,X=one’sdesireforabetterfuture;Y=us;Z=newchallenges;and“do”=“takeup”;oanorm我们对美好未来的向往激励着我们迎接新挑战，并使之成为一种常态。Ourdesireforabetterfutureinspiresustotakeupnewchallengesand