2022届高考英语一轮复习练习十五：阅读理解A（社会文化）阅读理解B（环境与自然）七选五练习

基础练9:阅读理解A（社会文化）+阅读理解B（环境与自然）

+七选五练习

-阅读理解

主题一社会文化

A

（2020届湖南湘东六校高三联考）

Itiswidelybelievedthatsmilingmeansapersonishappy,anditusuallyoccurswhenthey're

meetinganotherpersonorgroupofpeople.However,anewstudyledbybodylanguageexpert

Dr.HarryWitchelshowsthisisn'talwaysthecase.

Inhisresearch,heasked44participantsaged18-35toplayageographyquizgame

consistingofninedifficultquestionssothattheyoftengottheanswerwrong.Seated

participantsinteractedwithacomputeraloneinaroomwhiletheirfaceswerevideorecorded.

Afterthequiz,theparticipantswereaskedtoratetheirexperienceusingarangeof12

emotionsincluding"bored",interested"and"frustrated".Meanwhile,theirfacialexpressions

werethenanalyzedbycomputerframebyframeinordertojudgehowmuchtheyweresmiling

basedonascaleofOto1.

Dr.Witchelsaid,"Accordingtosomeresearchers,arealsmilereflectstheinnerstateof

cheerfulnessoramusement.However,BehavioralEcologyTheorysuggeststhatallsmilesare

toolsusedinsocialinteractions,meaningcheerfulnessisneithernecessarynorrichforsmiling.

OurstudyshowedthatintheseHuman-ComputerInteractionexperiments,smilingisn'tdriven

byhappiness;itis

associatedwithsubjectiveengagement（主观参与），whichactslikeasocialfuelforsmiling,

evenwhensocializingwithacomputeronyourown.

Surprisingly,participantsdidn'ttendtosmileduringtheperiodwhentheyweretryingto

figureouttheanswers.However,theydidsmilerightafterthecomputergameinformedthemif

theiranswerwascorrectorwrong.Participantssmiledmoreoftenwhentheygottheanswer

wrong.Dr.Witcheladded:"Duringthesecomputerizedquizzes,smilingwasgreatlyincreased

justafteransweringquestionsincorrectly.Thisbehaviorcouldbeexplainedbyself-ratingsof

engagement,ratherthanbyratingsofhappinessorfrustration.

1.WhydidDr.Witchelusedifficultquestionsinthequizgame?

A.Tomakeithardforparticipantstoanswerthemcorrectly.

B.Tomaketheanswerperiodlastaslongaspossible.

C.Todiscoverthemostintelligentparticipants.

D.Tocreateastressfulsituationforparticipantsdeliberately.

2.WhatcanweinferfromwhatDr.WitchelsaidinParagraph4?

A.Otherresearchers'opinionofarealsmileisquiteright.

B.Smilesaren'tnecessarilyusefultoolsinsocialinteractions.

C.Subjectiveengagementdoesn'tmotivatesmilinginsocialinteractions.

D.Witchel'sstudyfindingisconsistentwithBehavioralEcologyTheory.

3.Whatcanwelearnaccordingtothepassage?

A.Participantswereaskedtointeractwitheachotherinthequiz.

B.Participantsinthequizsmiledlessoftenwhentheygottheanswerwrong.

C.InDr.Witchel'sopinion,smilingisconnectedwithsubjectiveinvolvement.

D.Dr.Witchelthinksthatarealsmilereflectstheinnerstateofcheerfulness.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatContributestoRealHappiness?

B.HowtoIdentifyWhetheraPersonIsReallyHappy?

C.SmilingDoesn'tNecessarilyMeanHappiness

D.PeopleGenerallyHoldaWrongViewonHappiness

B

(2021)

TerracottaWarriorsfromXi'an,Shanxiprovince,arewell--knownworldwidefortheir

significanceinhistory.Behindtheserelics,conservator-restorersworkdayandnighttopiece

fragmentstogetherandrestoretheseancientfigures.

LanDeshengisoneoftheserestorers.HavingmajoredinculturalheritageatNorthwest

UniversityinXi'an,hehasrestoredmorethan150figuresinthepast25years.Heimagines

himselfasadoctorfromtheQinDynasty(221--206BC),thetimewhenthesewarriorswere

created.Therearemanydifferenttypesofdoctorsintheworld,butfewcouldhavediagnosed

andtreatedthoseQinwarriors,wholivedover2,000yearsago,"saidthe52-year-oldrestorer.

Overtheyears,thetechnologyusedtorestorethefigureshaschanged,butthe

fundamentalmethodsremainthesame.Abidingbytheruleofminimumintervention,Lanand

histeamtrytorestoretherelicsbyexaminingfragmentsandfittingthemintotheTerracotta

Warriorfigures.

Theprocessdemandsgreatattentiontodetailandalsoenableshimtogettoknowhis

patients"better.Lansaidthefigureshavecolorfulpaintingandsometimeseventhefingerprints

oftheartisanswhomadethefigures.Theartisans'nameswerealsocarvedintothewarriors,

butthesesignaturesmightbehardtofind.Ifyoulookcloselyatthefragments,youcansee

tracesoftheartisans'fingerprintsandcompletepalmprintsleftaftertheyheavilyslappedthe

clay.Therearealsotracesofthehairstheyshed,"saidLan.

Afterdecadesofexperience,LancanalreadytellthedifferencesbetweenworksofQin

Courtcraftsmenandthoseoflocalartisans.Withoutadoubt,patienceisessentialwhen

restoringthesefigures.Sometimesitmighttakeyearsformissingfragmentsofafiguretobe

found,ifitcaneverberecovered.Insomecases,wehavebeenunabletolocatetheremaining

partsofTerracottaWarriorsthathavebeenassembledforthepastyearortwo.Whenthis

happens,thereisnothingtodobutstopwork,"Lansaid.

Despitethesedifficulties,Lansaidthisishisidealjob.Heisproudtohavecontributedtothe

processofrestoringthesehistoricrelics.WeemploymaterialsusedintheQinDynastyto

restoreandrepairthewarriorsandtheirhorses--alegacywewillpassontothenext

generation,"hesaid.

1.WhatcanweknowaboutrestoringTerracottaWarriors?

A.Thelessinterventioninrestoration,thebetter.

B.Restorersreceivethesametrainingasdoctors.

C.Restorershavetohaveadegreeinculturalheritage.

D.Themethodshavegreatlychangedduetoadvancedtechnology.

2.WhatcouldyoufindifyouobservethefiguresofTerracottaWarriorsclosely?

A.Namesofthewarriors.

B.Thefigures'palmprints.

C.Detailsofthefigures'hair.

D.Tracesofthefiguremakersfingerprints.

3,WhyisrestoringTerracottaWarriorsdifficult?

A.Restorersaresometimesforcedtostopassembling.

B.Restorersdon'tknowwheretofindtheremainingparts.

C.Itmaytakealongtimetofindallofthemissingparts,ifever.

D.Restorershavetoworktogethertopiecefragmentstogether.

4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?1

A.Whyrepairingtherelicsisimportant.

B.WhatdifficultiesLanhasexperiencedinhiscareer.

C.Whatthefuturegenerationcandotorestoretherelics.

D.Howconservator-restorersrepairthefiguresofTerracottaWarriors.

主题二——时事热点

C

（2020届江西省上饶六校高三联考）

Theideaofturningrecycledplasticbottlesintoclothingisnotnew.Duringthepastfive

years,alargenumberofclothingcompanies,businessesandenvironmentalorganizations

havestartedturningplasticsintofabrictodealwithplasticpollution.Butthere'saproblemwith

thismethod.Researchnowshowsthatmicrofiberscouldbethebiggestsourceofplasticinthe

sea.

Dr.MarkBrowneinSantaBarbara,California,hasbeenstudyingplasticpollutionand

microfibersfor10years.Heexplainsthateverytimesynthetic（合成的）clothesgointoa

washingmachine,alargenumberofplasticfibersfalloff.Mostwashingmachinescan'tcollect

thesemicrofibers.Soeverytimethewatergetsoutofawashingmachine,microfibersenter

thesewerandfinallyendupinthesea.

In2011,Brownewroteapaperstatingthatasinglepieceofsyntheticclothingcanproduce

morethan1,900fibersperwash.Brownecollectedsamplesfromseawaterandfreshwatersites

aroundtheworld,andusedaspecialwaytoexamineeachsample.Hediscoveredthatevery

singlewatersamplecontainedmicrofibers.

Thisisbadnewsforanumberofreasons.Plasticcancauseharmtosealifewheneaten.

Studieshavealsoshownthatplasticcanabsorbotherpollutants.

Basedonthisevidence,itmayseemsurprisingthatcompaniesandorganizationshave

chosentoturnplasticwasteintoclothingasanenvironmental"solution".Eventhoughthe

sciencehasbeenaroundforawhile,Browneexplainsthathe'shadadifficulttimegetting

companiestolisten.Whenheaskedwell-knownclothingcompaniestosupportBenignby

Design-hisresearchprojectthatseekstogetclothesthathaveabadeffectonhumansandthe

environmentoutofthemarket,Brownedidn'tgetasatisfyinganswer.

Onlyonewomen'sclothingcompany,EileenFisher,offeredBrownefunding.

1.Whathashappenedduringthepastfiveyears?

A.Fabrichasbecomemuchstronger.

B.Plasticpollutionhasbeenlessserious.

C.Manyplasticbottleshavebeenreused.

D.Microfibershavebeengreatlyimproved.

2.WhatdoesBrownethinkofwashingsyntheticclothes?

A.Itisaddingmierofiberstotheclothes.

B.Itisworseningenvironmentalproblems.

C.Itismakingsyntheticclotheslastlonger.

D.Itisdoinggreatdamagetowashingmachines.

3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutBrowne'sBenignbyDesignresearchproject?

A.Ithasachievedgreatsuccess.

B.Ithasn'tgotanythingdone.

C.Itisknowntoveryfewpeople.

D.Itisfacingsomedifficulties.

4.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ItIsImportanttoLearntoRecycle

B.ItIsNeverEasytoSolvePollutionProblems

C.RecycledPlasticClothing:SolutionorPollution?

D.AreHumanBeingsMovingForwardorBackward?

D

Duringadeclineintourism,onenationalparkinThailandhaswitnessedadramaticriseinvisitorsrecently.So

manyarethehermitcrabs（寄居蟹）floodingintotheotherwiseemptybeachesofKohLantathatshellsforthemto

liveinhavebecomeinshortsupply.

TheThaigovernmentmovedquicklytoeasethehousingshortage,launchingapublicappealfbremptyshellsthat

nettedover200kg.OnDecember5theseweredistributedaroundtheparkinaceremony.

Hermitcrabsrelyonshellstoprotecttheirsoftbodies,movingtolargershellsastheygrow.OnKohLantaandthe

surroundingsmallerislands,theirrapidincreaseseemstobeanaturalphenomenon,ratherthandirectlyrelatedtothe

absenceoftourists.Buttheshortageofshellsmaybeman-made:prettyoneshavelongbeengatheredtobesoldas

goods.Crabshadbeguntomakedowithpotentialdeath-trapssuchasplasticcapsandbottles.

Theshelldrivewaspartofagovernmentinitiativetoregainthebalanceofnature.Ihaveinstructedallnational

parkstodowhateverittakes/saysVarawutSilpa-archa,theministerfornaturalresources.Hisinspirationcomesfrom

thepauseintourismbroughtonbyCOVID-19.Abanoninternationalvisitorsandtheclosureofnationalparkshave

helpednaturerecover,bringingendangeredleatherbackturtlesbackontoThaibeaches.Inthecoastalprovincesof

PhangNgaandPhuket,turtleshavelaidthelargestnumberofeggsfor20years.

ThegovernmenthasdecidedtotrytocopytheshortbreakforcedonitbyCOVID-19infuture.Fromnowon,all

nationalparkswillberequiredtocloseforashortperiodduringtheoffseasonandtolimitthenumberoftourists

throughareservationsystemwhentheyareopen.Althoughsuchrestrictionsmeanreducedearningsfromtourismin

theshortterm,inthelongerrunmoreparksmayhelptokeepthetouristscoming.

1.WhathappenedtothebeachesofKohLantarecently?

A.Theysawaconstantstreamoftourists.

B.Theywerepackedwithhermitcrabs.

C.Theybecamecompletelyempty.

D.Theygotfloodedbyseawater.

2.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardshuman'sbehaviors?

A.Supportive.B.Indifferent.C.Critical.D.Notmentioned.

3.WhyareturtlesmentionedinParagraph4?

A.Towarnturtlesaredyingout.

B.TostressecologicaldiversityofThailand.

C.ToillustratethebirthofVarawut'sinspiration.

D.Toprovebeachesaretheiridealhabitats.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AuthoritiesHelptoFindSheltersforHomelessHermitCrabs

B.DevelopingEconomyorProtectingAnimals?

C.GovernmentsAreResponsiblefortheBalanceofNature

D.ClosingNationalParksorDrawingMoreVisitors?

七选五阅读

Inthisdayandage,havingsolidEnglishskillsisamust.Butifyou'vebeenlearningfora

whileanddon'tfindyourselfreallycommunicatingwithease,howdoyougetaroundthe

learningslump?

FindnativeEnglishspeakers.Incertainareasit'sthehardestthingtodo,butit'sthebest

useofyourtime.Talkingtoactualnativespeakersisthemosteffectivewaytoimproveyour

Englishskills,speakingorotherwise.1

Watchpeople.Watchhowtheirmouthsformthewords.Watchhowemotionis

communicated.Watchwheretheemphasisgoesoncertainsentencesandhowthatprovides

context.__2,takenoticeofthehumorandthefeelings,andtheformalitytheyemploy.

Slowdown.Aboveall,ifyouwanttobeunderstood,slowdown.3.It'stemptingto

getnervousandwanttospeeduptogetitalloverwith,butyoucan'tdothat!Clarityisthekey-

-forsomenativeEnglishspeakers,too!

SpeakEnglishathome.TalktoyourselfinEnglish.Narrateyouractions.Whileyou're

washingthedishes,saywhatyou'redoing,thinking,orfeeling.4,butitkeepsyour

brainthinkinginEnglishbeforeyourfirstlanguage.Onceyoucandothat,therestisjust

keepingitup.

Createopportunities.5.That'sthelazywayoflookingatit!Englishspeakersare

everywhere,andyouhavetocometothem.CallanEnglishhotline.CallupNikeandaskabout

theirsneakers.Startablog.Therearealwaysopportunitiestobehad.

A.Itsoundsalittlesillyifyougetcaught

B.Apartfromjustunderstandingtheirwords

c.Inadditiontoimitatingthegesturestheyuse

D.Theywillbepatientwithyou-don'tworry

E.Yourprogresswillbefasterthiswaythananyother

F.It'seasytocomplainyou'llneverbeexposedtoanauthenticlanguageenvironment

G.Themoreclearlyyouspeak,thebetterchanceyourlistenerhasofunderstandingyou

【答案】

A篇

［语篇解读］人们通常认为微笑是一种开心的表现，然而新的研究表明，做笑可能是人们主观参与

的自我评级，而不是开心或沮丧的判断标准。

1.解析:选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的"consistingofninedifficultquestionssothattheyoften

gottheanswerwrong"可知。威彻尔博士设置九个难的题目是为了让研究对象时常答错。

2.解析:选D推理判断题。第四段分别介绍了行为生态学和成彻尔博士的研究得出的结果。行为

生态学认为所有的微笑都是社交互动的工具，这意味着快乐既不是微笑所必需的因素，也不足以引

发微笑。威彻尔博士的研究表明，在这些人机交互实验中，微笑不是由快乐驱动的,而是与主观参

与（程度）有关,这种主观参与就如同是微笑的社交燃料。由此可以推断出，威彻尔博士的研究

发现与行为生态学理论是一致的。

3.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的"itisassociatedwithsubjective

engagement（主观参与）”可知，微笑与主观参与（程度）有关。

4.解析:选C标题归纳题。威彻尔博士的研究发现，微笑不是由快乐驱动的，微笑并不意味着开心。

A项（真正的快乐源泉是什么）不是本文主要说明的问题，本文只是说明微笑与主观参与度有关;B项

（如何判断一个人是否真的开心）在文章中完全没有体现;D项（人们普遍对快乐的认知有误）的范围

太大,且本文没有具体阐明微笑与快乐的关系。

B篇

［分析］这是一篇说明文。陕西西安的兵马俑因其在历史上的重要意义而闻名世界。在这些文物背

后，修复者夜以继日地将碎片拼凑起来，修复这些古老的雕像。文章以兵马俑修复者LanDesheng

为例，讲述了兵马俑的修复工作，所面临的困难以及Lan对这份工作的看法。

［小题1］

细节理解题。根据第E段中"Abidingbytheruleofminimumintervention,Lanandhisteamtryto

restoretherelicsbyexaminingfragmentsandfttingthemintotheTerracottaWarrior

figures.（Lan和他的团队遵循最小干预的原则,通过检查碎片并将其放入兵马俑中来修复文物）"可

知，修复兵马俑对修复的干预越少越好。故选A。

［小题2］

细节理解题。根据第四段中"Lansaidthefigureshavecolorfulpaintingandsometimeseventhe

fingerprintsoftheartisanswhomadethefigures.（Lan说，这些人物有彩色的绘画,有时甚至还有

制作这些人物的工匠的指纹）"可知，如果你仔细观察兵马俑，你会发现人物制造者的指纹痕迹。

故选D

［小题3］

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中"Withoutadoubt,patienceisessentialwhenrestoringthese

figures.Sometimesit......"Lansaid."可知，修复兵马俑如此困难是因为可能需要很长时间才能找

到所有丢失的部分,如果还能找到这些丢失部分的话。故选Co

［小题4］

主旨大意题。根据第一-段"TerracottaWarriorsfromXi'an,Shanxiprovince,arewell-known

worldwidefortheirfigures.结合文章以兵马俑修复者LanDesheng为例,讲述了兵马俑的修复

工作，所面临的困难以及Lan对这份工作的看法可知，这篇文章的主要内容是修复人员如何修复兵

马俑。故选D。

C篇

［语篇解读］在过去的五年里，大量的服装公司、企业和环保组织已经开始将塑料变成织物来处理

塑料污染。然而合成衣物上的微纤维却成为海洋塑料污染的最大源头。来自加利福尼亚州圣巴巴

拉的马克.布朗博士正对此进行研究,但他并没有得到很多支持。

1.解析:选C推理判断题。根据第一段第二向"Duringthepastfiveyears,alargenumberof

clothingcompanies,businessesandenvironmentalorganizationshavestartedturningplastics

intofabrictodealwithplasticpollution.”可知，在过去的五年里,许多服装公司，企业和环境组织

已经开始将塑料转变成织物来处理塑料污染。由此可推断出，在过去的五年里许多塑料瓶已被重新

利用。故选C。

2.解析:选B推理判断题。根据第二段最后三句"Heexplainsthateverytimesynthetic（合成的）

clothesgointoawashingmachine,alargenumberofplasticfibersfalloff.Mostwashing

machinescan'tcollectthesemicrofibers.Soeverytimethewatergetsoutofawashing

machine,microfibersenterthesewerandfinallyendupinthesea.可知,每次用洗农机清洗合

成纤维衣服，都会有大量塑料

纤维脱落。大多数洗衣机无法收集这些微纤维。因此，每当水从洗衣机流出时，微纤维就会进入下

水道，最终流入大海。且根据第一段最后一句中的"microfiberscouldbethebiggestsourceof

plasticinthesea"可知，这会导致环境的恶化。故选B。

3.解析:选D推理判断题。由题干中的“BenignbyDesign"可定位到文章最后一段，根据该段倒数

第二向"Whenheaskedwell-knownclothingcompaniestosupportBenignbyDesign...Browne

didn'tgetasatisfyinganswer."可知,当布朗要求知名服装公司支持自己的研究项目Benignby

Design时，他并没有得到令人满意的答案。由此可知，布朗的BenignbyDesign这个研究项目

正面临一些困难。故选D。

4.解析:选C标题归纳题。通读全文可知，在过去的五年里，大量的服装公司、企业和环保组织已

经开始将塑料变成织物来处理塑科污染。但研究表明，微纤维可能是海洋中塑料的最大来源，故