中考英语语法复习名词数词感叹句

名词、数词、感叹句1.名词（1）名词的分类及句法功能名词可以分为普通名词和专有名词。在句子中，名词可以充当主语、宾语、表语、介词宾语、名词修饰词、称呼语等。专有名词的开头字母要大写。名词分类概念例子普通名词普通名词是指一类人、物、抽象概念的名称。worker,student,thing,city,water专有名词专有名词是个人、事物、地点或机构所专有的名词。Tom,London,Guangzhou,China,RedCross（红十字会）,UnitedNations（联合国）（2）名词的数表1：名词的数例子量词可数名词teacher,book,many,afew,alargenumberof不可数名词Juice,coffee,tea,milk,water,noodles,news,weather,ricemuch,alittle,alargeamountof表2：名词用作不可数名词用作可数名词glass玻璃玻璃杯，眼镜paper纸文件work工作作品time时间次数orange橙汁橙子chicken鸡肉小鸡room空间房间（3）可数名词复数形式的规则变化：①一般可数名词后加-s，如：girl—girls;lab—labs②以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词后加-es，如：bus-buses，box-boxes，watch-watches，brush-brushes③以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，改y为i加-es，如：diary-diaries,baby-babies（注意：以元音字母+y结尾的名词，直接加-s，如：boy-boys，key-keys）④大部分以-o结尾的名词后加-es，如：tomato-tomatoes，potato-potatoes（注意：piano-pianos，photos-photos，radio-radios）⑤多数以-f或者-fe结尾的名词变f或者fe为v，再加-es，如：leaf-leaves；half-halves；shelf-shelves，life-lives，wife-wives，knife-knivesroof-roofs,gulf-gulfs⑥名词单复数不规则变化：不规则变化例子变换元音及改变结尾man-men,woman-women,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,goose-geese,child-children,ox-oxen（公牛）单复数同形Sheep-sheep,fish-fish,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese⑦名词单复数意义及形式○部分集体名词形式上是单数，意义上是复数，与复数的谓语动词连用。例子：Thepolicearelookingforthemissingboy.YoungpeoplearesoexcitingbecauseoftheJazzFestival.○部分名词形式上是复数，意义上是单数，与单数的谓语动词连用。例子：Thenewswasverysurprising.Mathsismyfavoritesubject.○部分名词只有复数形式，与复数谓语动词连用。例子：Thoseclothesarenew.Myglassesareonthedesk.（4）名词的所有格在英语中，有些单数名词后面加“s”或者有些复数名词后加“’”来表示所属关系，带这种词尾的名词形式成为名词所有格。①通常用于表示人或者有生命的东西的名词。Jerry’soffice,Mr.Zhou’sfather,theteachers’office,thecat’stail,Doctors’Day（医生节）②通常用于表示时间、距离、团体、城市、国家或部分无生命的东西。Aweek’sholiday,today’snewspaper,tenminutes’walk,China’seducation,ourParty’sbirthday③表示所属关系的of短语，通常用于无生命的东西，有时也用于有生命的东西或者人。Thedooroftheclassroom,amapofAmerica,thebeginningofthenewterm,thetoysofthelittlegirl,thenameofthebraveyoungman④of+名词’s结构，即“双重所有格”Aphotoofmycousin’s,anoldfriendofmybrother’s,anewclassmateofmine注意1：节日方面：Father’sDay,Mother’sDay,Teachers’Day,Nurses’Day注意2：TomandJack’sroom表示Tom和Jack共有的一个房间；Tom’sandJack’srooms表示Tom和Jack各自的房间注意3：双重所有格方面：aphotoofLily指的是照片上的人是Lily，aphotoofLily’s指的是照片是属于Lily的2.数词（1）基数词①数词的表达：○两位数：在十位数和个位数之间要加连字符。例如：thirty-five,eighty-seven○三位数：在百位数和十位数之间用and连接，注意hundred不能加-s。例如：249twohundredandforty-nine,803eighthundredandthree○四位数：在千位数和百位数之间加逗号，如果没有百位数，十位数或个位数之前要加and，注意thousand和hundred后面不能加-s。例如：1764onethousand,sevenhundredandsixty-four4036fourthousandandthirty-six②基数词hundred，thousand，million，billion用在一个数字或者several后面不能加-s，待在表示不确切书目时，要用复数形式，后面要加of。例如：数百本数hundredsofbooks,三百本书threehundredbooks③基数词加名词合成的定语中，名词用单数形式例如：afive-yearplan一个五年计划，aneight-month-oldbaby一个八个月大的婴儿（2）序数词①一般情况序数词由相应的基数词加-th构成,部分是特殊变化例如：One-first,two-second,three-third,five-fifth,eight-eighth,nine-ninth,twelve-twelfth,twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth②序数词表示事物的顺序，常常与定冠词the连用。例如：第一课thefirstlesson（3）编号用基数词：表示编号的东西，常常把基数词放在名词之后来表示顺序。例如：第36页Page36,第1课Lessonone,14路公共汽车BusNO.14，403号房间Room403（4）日期的表达例如：1987年9月9日写成：onSeptember9,1987读成：September(the)ninth,nineteeneighty-seven7月29日早上写成：onthemorningofJuly29（5）时刻的表达①用at所引导的短语来表达时刻，当问钟点时，回答不需要加介词at。例如：Anniegoestoschoolatseven.Whattimeisit?It’ssix.②表示“几点过几分”（30分钟之内）用介词past例如：两点十三分2:13表达成：thirteenpasttwo③表示“几点差几分”用介词to例如：五点五十五分5:55表达成：fivetosix（5）年代和人的几十岁的表达①年代用基数词，后面加-s，前面用介词in和定冠词the例如：20世纪80年代inthe1980s②表示某人几十岁，用基数词加-s，前面用介词in例如：在某人60几岁时inone’s60s（6）分数的表达分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时分母加-s例如：三分之一onethird,五分之二twofifths3.感叹句（1）定义：表示惊讶、喜悦、赞美、厌恶或者愤怒等强烈的感情。（2）结构①what引导的感叹句○What+a(an)+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！或是：What+名词词组+主语+谓语！例如：Whatanapplethisis!Whatafinedayitis!○What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！例如：Whatkindwomentheyare!Whatnicemusicitis!②How引导的感叹句。how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！例如：Howhardtheworkersareworking!Howcleverthegirlis!Howquicklytheboyiswriting!练习小语选（1）Next,heputtwopotsintotwobigbowlsandfilled__1___potswithwater.Heputthegoldintoonepot,andsomewaterranintothebowl.Thenheputthecrowninto___2___pot.Thistime,evenmorewaterranintothebowl.“Lookatthis,”saidArchimedestoKingHiero.“Acrownmadecompletelyofgolddisplaceslesswaterthanacrownmadeofgoldandanothermetal.Thiscrowndisplacedmorewaterthangoldofthesameweight,soI’mcertainthatit’snotcompletelymadeofgold.“Thecrownmakertrickedme,didn’the?___3____heis!”shoutedKingHiero.Hethensentthecrownmakertoprison.A.both B.either C.all D.everyA.theothers B.other C.theother D.anotherA.Whatabadman B.Whatbadman C.Howabadman D.Howbadman（2）Attheuniversity,Hanswasguidedtothefrontofthehall.Einsteintookaseat,listenedtoHansgivehislecturewithoutdifficulty,andjoinedin___1____attheend.However,beforeHansleft,amanshouted,“I’dliketoaskyouaquestion.”HethenaskedaquestionsodifficultthatHans____2____whathewastalkingabout.Einsteinturnedpale.“Oh,no!”hethought.“Nowwe’reintrouble.”ButHansjustlaughedandsaid,“That’s___3___thatevenmydrivercananswerit.Hans,Please……1.A.anapplause B.theapplause C.theapplauses D.applause2.A.hadanidea B.hadsomeidea C.hadnoidea D.hadidea3.A.soaneasyquestion B.sucheasyanquestion C.suchaneasyquestion D.soeasyanquestion（3）In2010,somethingverystrangehappenedinasmallAustraliantown.___1___fishbeganfallingfromthesky!Peoplecalledtheirfriendstotellthemaboutthestrangeevent,butnobodybelievedit.Therehavebeen___2___of“raininganimalsallovertheworld.1.A.Hundredsof B.Afewhundreds C.Afewhundredof D.Hundredsof2.A.ansimilarevent B.similarevents C.similarevent D.similarevent语法选择（1）In2010,somethingverystrangehappenedinasmallAustraliantown.___1___fishbeganfallingfromthesky!Peoplecalledtheirfriendstotellthemabout___2___strangeevent,butnobodybelievedit.Therehavebeensimilareventsof"raininganimals"allovertheworld.It___3___inSingapore,Canada,thePhilippines,andotherplaces.Usuallythefallinganimalsarefish,butsometimesotheranimalshavefallenfromthesky.In2009,theanimals___4___fellfromtheskyinJapanwerefrogs.InHungaryin2010frogs___5___tofallfromthesky,too.Throughouthistorytherehavealsobeenreportsoffallingjellyfish,spidersandworms.Youprobablywon'tbesurprisedtoknowthatthiskindofevent___6___causealotofpanic（恐慌）.Whenthishappens,peopleoftenbelievethattheworldisgoingtoend,orthatsomething___7___ishappening.However,althoughthisseemscrazyandimpossible,wenowknow___8___fishandotheranimalssometimesfallfromthesky.Theanswer___9___thisquestionistheweather.Sometimes,tornado（龙卷风）sucksupwaterfromponds,riversandoceans.Whenthishappens,thetornadooftensucksupfishandotheranimals___10___.Thetornadocarriestheseunluckyanimalsforashortdistance,andthendropsthemin___11___place.Whenfishfallfromthesky,theyareoftenstillalive___12___tornadodoesn'tcarrythefishveryfar.Scientistshaveneverbeenable___13___thistheory,sowecan'tbesurethatit'scompletelycorrect.However,almosteveryone___14___thatweathercausestheraininganimals.___15___somephotographsifyouareoutsideanditstartstorainanimals.Otherwise,howcananyoneelsebelieveyou?()1.A.Hundredsof B.Afewhundreds C.Afewhundredof D.Hundredsof()2.A.a B.an C./ D.the()3.A.happen B.happens C.happened D.washappened()4.A.who B.that C.what D./()5.A.saw B.seen C.wereseen D.wereseeing()6.A.can B.must C.need D.should()7.A.terror B.terribly C.moreterrible D.terrible()8.A.when B.where C.why D.how()9.A.to B.with C.of D.how()10.A.also B.aswell C.either D.aswellas()11.A.other B.another C.theother D.others()12.A.because B.so C.but D.although()13.A.test B.testing C.totest D.tested()14.A.agree B.agrees C.agreed D.toagree()15.A.Take B.Taking C.Totake D.Havetaken（2）InChina,almosteveryoneknowsMaYun.MaYunbecameoneof___1___meninChina.HiscompanyAlibabawentonthestock（股票）marketlastyearwithavalueof￡140billionthelargestpublicofferinginhistory.___2___amazingthingitis!Herearesomestoriesabouthimonthewayto___3___.Mamadehis___4___triptotheUSin1995andusedtheInternet___5___thefirsttime.After___6___for"beer",hesawthatnoresults___7___upaboutChina.Thenhesearchedfor"China"andstillsawnoresults.HedecidedtosetupaChinesewebsitetheseedforAlibabawassown（播种）.Masaidhe___8___manytimesinhislife.HefailedtheCollegeEntranceExaminationinChinathreetimesand___9___companiesofferedhimjobs,includingoneatKFC.AndthefamousHarvardUniversityrefusedhim10times.LearningEnglishwasdifficultwhenMawasateenager___10___limitedresources.However,hefoundthathecouldlearnEnglishwellbygivingtouristsfreeguidesaround___11___hometownHangzhou.Andhekeptitfornineyears.Masaidthattouristsopenedupanewworldforhimbecauseeverythingtheysaidanddidwassodifferentfrom___12___hehadbeentaughtatschoolandbyhisparents.Ma'sheroisForestGump___13___nevergivesup.WhenhemadeaspeechabouthissuccessatDavos（达沃斯论坛）in2015,Masaid,"Life___14___aboxofchocolatebecauseyouneverknowwhatyouaregoingtoget".___15___asMadoes,nevergiveupandyouwillbesuccessfuloneday.()1.A.rich B.therichest C.mostrich D.mostrichest()2.A.Howa B.Howan C.Whata D.Whatan()3.A.success B.succeed C.successful D.successfully()4.A.one B.first C.thefirst D.once()5.A.at B.in C.on D.for()6.A.search B.searched C.searching D.tosearch()7.A.come B.comes C.came D.coming()8.A.refuse B.refused C.wasrefused D.wasrefusing()9.A.afew B.few C.little D.alittle()10.A.because B.becauseof C.as D.so()11.A.he B.him C.his D.himself()12.A.what B.that C.which D.when()13.A.what B.which C./ D.who()14.A.like B.likes C.isliked D.islike()15.A.Do B.Doing C.Does D.Did（3）There___1___manythingsweneedtoknowthatwedonotlearnatschool.___2___,ifwewanttouseourmoneywisely,weneedtoshop___3___.Weneedtoknowhow___4___thepricesofthethingsindifferentshops.Weneedtobeabletocomparethequalityofdifferentbrands（品牌）.Weneedtoknowhowtomake___5___choicewhenweshop.___6___howtomakesuchchoicesisa"lifeskill",andweneedtheseskillsifweliketoliveusefuland___7___lives. Someofthesechoicesaresmall.Forexample:WillItakeanapple___8___apearforlunch?WillIgotoschoolbybusoronfoot?WillIweartheredT-shirtortheblueonetothemovies?___9___choicesaremoreimportant.Forexample:WillIeat___10___foodorwillIeatjunkfoodbecauseitis___11___?WillIworkhardinallmyclassesorwillIonlyworkhardintheclassesIenjoy?Wemakechoiceslikethiseveryday. Wehaverealized___12___thechoiceswemakecanaffect（影响）therestof___13___lives.Justasimportantly,ourchoicescanalsoaffectotherpeople.Thenexttimeyoudecidetowastetimeinclass,playajoke___14___someoneortalkloudlyinthelibrary,thinkaboutthis:___15___doesyourchoiceaffect?()1.A.is B.are C.was D.were()2.A.Forexa