外研版中考英语数词二轮复习讲义

数词定义：定义：表示数目的多少或顺序先后的词，分为基数词和序数词两种（表示数量的数词）（表示顺序的数词）基本用法：相当于名词和形容词，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语等如：Itissaidthatthirteenisanunluckynumber.（主语）Thecityhasapopulationofthreemillion.（宾语）Hewasthefirsttogettotheschool.（表语）Thereareonlythreeboysintheclass.（定语）Theytenwillgoabroad.（同位语）考点一：基数词基数词的构成0zero1one11eleven2two12twelve20twenty3three13thirteen30thirty100onehundred4four14fourteen40forty1,000onethousand5five15fifteen50fifty1,000,000onemillion6six16sixteen60sixty10,000,000tenmillion7seven17seventeen70seventy100,000,000onehundredmillion8eight18eighteen80eighty1,000,000,000onebillion9nine19nineteen90ninety1,000,000,000,000onetrillion10ten一些规律：①21～99的写法是：十位数加个位数，中间用连字符号“－”连接如：26twenty－six57fifty－seven②101～999的构成是：百位数与十位数之间用and连接如：123onehundredandtwenty－three③1000以上基数词的表示方法：从右向左用分节号分节，每3个数字为一个节，第一个分节号前用thousand，第二个分节号前用million，第三个分节号前用billion如：68,343sixty-eightthousand,threehundredandforty-three13,526,300thirteenmillion,fivehundredandtwenty-sixthousand,threehundred注意：英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位，只有“百万(million)”和“十亿(billion)”；因此“一万”是用10个千，也就是”tenthousand”来表示的“一亿“是用“onehundredmillion”来表示的基数词的用法①表示确切数字时，基数词hundred,thousand,dozen（12）等，只用单数形式，不能加“s”如：fivethousandsixhundredteachers5600名教师②在表示某些概数的习语中，如“成百上千”等，基数词要加“s”如：thousandsofpeople成千上万的人③可以用来表示时间如：5：00five/fiveo’clock4：25fourtwenty－five7：20twentypastseven表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用“几十”的复数形式表示表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用“几十”的复数形式表示如：inhistwenties在他二十多岁时inthe1980’s/1980s在20世纪80年代5：55fivetosix9：31twenty－ninetoten④可以用来表示年代如：1980年nineteeneighty⑤可以用来表示年龄如：Heistenyearsold.“基数词+名词+......”“基数词+名词+......”构成复合形容词作定语如：Heisaten-year-oldboy.Itafive-minutewalkfromthelibrarytotheplayground.⑥可以用来表示事物编号如：No.TenMiddleSchool第十中学308NanjingRoad南京路308号Room209房间209Section3/Part3第三部分⑦可以用于某些数学算式如：Threeandtwoisfive.3+2=5Tenminusfiveisfive.10-5=5Threemultipliedbyfourmakestwelve.3×4=12Sixteendividedbyfourisfour.16÷4=4⑧可以用于倍数表达，”基数词+times“表示“...是...几倍”如：Thisroomisthreetimesasbigasthatone.Thisroomisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.Thisroomisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.⑨可以用于百分数表达。百分数由“基数词+百分号（%）”构成如：30%=thirtypercent65%=sixty-fivepercent【典例解析】It’smydaughter’sbirthdaytoday.She’s________yearsold.eighteen B.eighteenthC.theeighteen D.theeighteenth【解析】考查基数词表示年龄的用法。13~18的构成是直接在之后加teenThereare________touristsvisitingtheislandonMayDlionsB.twomillionsC.millionsofD.millionof【解析】考查基数词表示确切数字和不确切数字的用法。表示确切数字时，直接加数字；表示不确切数字时，在million之后加s，再加of--______ofvolunteerswillbeneededforthe2024OlympicGames.--Let’sgoand_______them.Thousands,joinB.Thousand,beamemberofC.Threethousand,takepartinD.Thousands,bein【解析】考查①基数词表示确切数字和不确切数字的用法；②joinsb表示”加入某人“Leonardwasbornin_________inLosAngles.1980B.the1980C.1980sD.the1980s【解析】考查20世纪80年代的表达考点二：序数词序数词的构成数字基数词规律序数词序数词缩写21..22...21..22...23...23onetwothree个位数是1、2、3的基数词在变成序数时是特殊变化twenty-first..twenty-twenty-first..twenty-second...twenty-third...secondthird21st..21st..22nd...23rd...2nd3rd4four大多数序数词是在基数词词尾加-th构成fourth4th5fivefifth5th6sixsixth6th7sevenseventh7th8eighteighth8th9nineninth9th10tententh10th11eleveneleventh11th12twelvetwelfth12th100hundredhundredth100th1,000thousandthousandth1000th1,000,000millionmillionth1,000,000th2030..........8090twenty.....thirty.....eightyninety以-ty结尾的基数词构成序数词时，需将y变成i，再加-ethtwentieththirtieth..........eightiethninetieth20th30th..........98th99th24..........65..........96.....twenty-four.....sixty-five..........ninety-six从二十一到九十九的序数词（整十数除外），十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，用连字符号连接twenty-fourth..........sixty-fifth..........ninety-sixth基数词变序数词规律：基变序，有规律，词尾加上th;一、二、三特别论（first,second,third）八加h(eight),九去e(ninth),ve要用f替（fifth,twelfth）y变ie,最后再加th（twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth…）若是遇到几十几，仅变个位就可以（twenty-first,ninety-ninth…）序数词的用法①序数词的前面一般要用定冠词the表示”第几“的意思如：Youarethesecondonetoknowtheway.你是第二个知道方法的人当序数词前有形容词性当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰，序数词前不用theThisismythirdquestion./BettyisLinda’sfirstgoodfriend.这是我的第三个问题贝蒂是琳达第一个好朋友We’llreaditasecondtime.我们将再读一遍当当表示”又一，再一“时，序数词前不用the，但可加不定冠词a/an②可以用于年、月、日的表达；年、月用基数词，日用序数词如：Maythefirst/thefirstofMay5月1日Augusttheeighth/theeighthofAugust8月1日March18th,19781978年3月18日③可以用于分数的表达；分子是基数词，分母是序数词；当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式如：twofifthsonethirdsixsevenths注意：1/2通常读作a(one)half1/4可读作a(one)fourth或a(one)quarter④表示编号的时候，经常把基数词放在名词的前面表示顺序相当于the＋序数词＋名词，也可以用“名词+基数词”如：LessonFive＝thefifthlesson第五课⑤可以用于倍数表达，”基数词+times“表示“...是...几倍”=twice/double=twice/double如：Thisroomistwotimesasbigasthatone.=twice/double=twice/doubleThisroomistwotimesbiggerthanthatone.=twice/doubleThisroomistwotimesthesizeofthatone.=twice/double【典例解析】It’s________timeformetovisittheGuanyinLake.five B.thefiveC.fifth D.thefifth【解析】考查序数词。句意为：这是我第五次参观观音湖。“第五”的序数词是fifth，序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the，故选D—Whatdoyouthinkoftheenvironmenthere,Mr.Wang?—Wonderful!________oftheland________coveredwithtreesandgrass.Twofifths;isB.Twofifth;isC.Twofifths;are D.Twofifth;are【解析】考查分数。分数的表达方式为：分子＋分母，分子是基数词，分母是序数词，而且分子大于1，因此分母要用复数形式。后面的谓语动词be由分数后面的名词land决定，故选A3.Ayearisdividedinto______months.Septemberisthe______monthoftheyear.A.twelve;ninthB.twelve;ninethC.twelfth;ninthD.twelfth;nineth【解析】考查基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序的用法4.IreallyenjoyreadingTheJourneytotheWest,soIwillread________time.A.secondB.asecondC.thesecondD.two【解析】考查序数词。表示”又一，再一“时，序数词前不用the，但可加不定冠词a/an数词专项练习()1.—Whowonthefirstprizeofthe______WorldTableTennisChampionship?—Youmeanthematchheldin________？MaLongdid.fifty－four;GermanB.fifty－fourth;GermanyC.fifty－fourth;GermanD.fifty－four;Germany()2.Oneyearago,Chinatestedits________aircraftcarrier（航空母舰）builtcompletelyonitsown.oneB.firstC.theone D.thefirst()3.TherearetwelveboysandthirteengirlsinClassFour,whichmeans________studentsintotal.33B.25C.13 D.12()4.Mygrandparentsliveinanoldapartmentwith________floorsandtheyareonthe________floor.fifth.;threeB.fifth;thirdC.five;three D.five;third()5.—“FoodSafety”hasbecomeoneofthehottesttopicsrecently.—Yeah,itreceives________Internethitsaday.thousandsB.thousandsofC.thousand D.hundreds()6.—Wouldyoulikeanothercupofcoffee,Linda?—Thankyouanyway.I’vealreadyhadonecup，andI’mdrinking________cup.oneB.thefirstC.thesecond D.thethird()7.It’snevertoooldtolearn.KarlMarxbegantolearnEnglishinhis______.thefiftiethB.fiftiethC.fifty D.fifties()8.Myfathergavemeabikeonmy________birthday.tenB.atenthC.thetenth D.tenth()9.______monthoftheyearisMay.TwoB.ThesecondC.Five D.Thefifth()10.—Mum,________ofmyclassmates________glasses.—Oh,myGod.Youneedtoprotectyoureyeswell.three－fourths;wearsB.three－fourth;wearC.three－fourth;wearsD.three－fourths;wear()11.Inthisexam，you’reaskedtowriteacompositionofabout_____.90－wordsB.90－wordC.90words D.90word’s()12.______shouldn’tbeallowedtogooutwithfriendsonweekends.Twelve－year－oldB.Twelve－year－oldsC.Twelve－years－oldD.Twelve－years－olds()13.—Howmanybananasdoweneedforlunch，Mom?—________.Twoforthemilkshakeandthreeforthesalad.TwoB.ThreeC.Four D.Five()14.—Whattimeisitnow?Iwanttostarttheparty.—________.Youcanmakeit.It’sSundayB.It’ssevenC.It’sJuly1 D.It’srainy()15.—WelcometoLosAngeles.Haveyoueverbeenhere?—Sure.Ivisitedthiscitythreeyearsagosothisismy______timehere.firstB.secondC.third D.fourth()16.—Whichmoduleisthemostdifficultinthisbook?—Ithink______module.ninthB.theninthC.nineth D.thenineth()17.ThisSaturdayismy________birthday.Welcometomyparty!fourteenthB.thefourteenthC.fourteen D.thefourteen()18.Yesterdaywasmymother’s______birthday,Ibought______orangedressforher.thirty－eighth;aB.thirty－eight;anC.thirty－eighth;anD.thirty－eight;a()19.Nearly_